金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

(2)过氧化氢光度法测定铝合金钛含量(摘自美国ASTM标准E34-68,在之后修订的标准中钛的测定已改为二安替比林甲烷光度法)适用范围:铝合金测定范围:w(Ti)0.01%～0.50%方法提要:称取0.300～1.000g试样(估计含钛0.15～3.0mg),置于400ml烧杯中,分次加入200g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液30ml,待剧烈反应趋于平静时加入硫酸硝酸混合酸[硝酸(1+5)300ml与硫酸(1+1)700ml混合]50ml使溶液酸化,温热使盐类溶解并驱除黄烟,冷却,将溶液移入100ml容量瓶中,加水稀释至标线,摇匀。用紧质滤干过滤,弃去最初流出的几毫升滤液。保留滤液25ml作为参比溶液。在剩余的…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

(1)变色酸光度法测定钛量(摘自GB/T223 16-1991)适用范围:生铁、碳钢等铁基合金测定范围:w(Ti)0.010%～2.50%方法提要:①试样溶解　按表19所示称取试样并置于250ml锥形瓶中,加入HCl HNO3(3+1)混合酸20～30ml,加热溶解试样。含硅高的试样,在溶解时向溶液中滴加氢氟酸(ρ1.15g·ml-1)数滴助溶。高碳钢试样则需加入高氯酸(ρ1.67g·ml-1)3～5ml。待溶解完全后加入硫酸(1+1)10ml,加热蒸发至冒硫酸烟。如在溶样时曾滴入氢氟酸助熔,须将溶液冷却,用水冲洗锥形瓶内壁后再冒烟一次。表19　试样称取量及试液分取量Tab.19　Massofsampleandal…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行——第四讲 金属材料中钛的测定（续）

(2)高纯铝(纯度99.99%)中痕量钛的测定(摘自上海材料研究所1964年研究报告)适用范围:高纯铝测定范围:w(Ti)0.001%～0.010%方法提要:①试样的溶解及钛的分离　称取试样1 000～2 000g,置于聚四氟乙烯烧杯中,按每克试样6g氢氧化钠的比例加入氢氧化钠后分次加入水10ml,待自发溶解反应缓慢时加热至试样溶解完全,加水稀释至约200ml,加入铁溶液(ρFe5mg·ml-1)4ml,充分搅拌,加热至沸并保温约30min,冷却,过滤,用10g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液洗涤烧杯及沉淀。弃去滤液。分次用热盐酸(1+3)20ml将沉淀从滤纸上溶解并接受于原烧杯中。必要时在稀盐酸中加…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第四讲金属材料中钛的测定(续)

2 .3　锌汞剂还原硫酸高铁铵滴定法测定钢铁中钛(JISG12 2 3- 1986 )测定范围 :w(Ti)≥ 0 .0 5 %方法提要 :(1)试样溶液的制备 :按表 1所示称取试样并溶解制成试样溶液。溶样在 30 0ml烧杯中进行。表 1　称样量及试样的溶解Tab .1　Massofsampleanditsdissolution含钛范围w(Ti) %称样量(m/ g)溶样方法可溶于盐酸的试样难溶于盐酸的试样≥ 2≥ 0 .5～ <2≥ 0 .0 5～<0 .51.0 0 0 02 .0 0 0 05 .0 0 0 0　 1～ 2g试样加盐酸 ( 1+1) 3 0ml及硫酸 ( 1+4 ) 10ml加热溶解　 5 g试样加盐酸( 1+1) 80ml及硫酸 ( 1+4 ) 10ml,加热溶解　每克试样加…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第三讲钢铁中钼的测定(续)

(3)方法 2　离子交换分离 8羟基喹啉重量法测钼 (摘自ASTME35 1- 93,E 35 2 - 93,E35 3- 93及E 35 4- 93,以上四则标准方法均于 1997年重新核准认可 )适用范围 :生铁、灰铸铁、白口铁、可锻铸铁、延性铸铁 (球墨铸铁 ) ;工具钢以及类似的中、高合金钢、不锈钢、耐热钢、马氏体时效钢以及其他类似的铬镍铁合金钢 ;高温钢、磁钢及其他类似的铁、镍、钴合金钢。测定范围 :w(Mo) >1.5 % 30 .0 %方法提要 :(a)试样溶解 :称取试样 1.0 0 0 0 g ,置于PTFE烧杯中 ,烧杯用PTFE表皿盖好。加入氢氟酸(ρ 1 15 g·ml- 1) 10ml,温热使试样溶解 ;…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第四讲金属材料中钛的测定(续)

2.4　铝钛中间合金中钛的测定(此方法由上海材料研究化学分析研究室提供)测定范围:w(Ti)≥1%方法提要:试样0.5000g,置于500ml锥形瓶中,加入盐酸(1+1)20ml,作用缓慢时加热至试样全溶,滴加过氧化氢(ρ1.11g·ml-1)3～5滴,煮沸。如溶液不清,过滤至另个500ml锥形瓶中,用盐酸(5+95)洗涤沉淀及滤纸。如沉淀中有不溶性钛的化合物存在,须将沉淀及滤纸置于铂坩埚中灰化,用焦硫酸钾熔融,熔块用稀硫酸浸出后并入于主液中。加硫酸(ρ1.84g·ml-1)5ml,加热蒸发至冒硫酸烟,冷却,加盐酸(1+1)100ml,加热溶解盐类,加水至约150ml,加入碳酸氢钠2g和铝片2g,随即…     

读者园地

答:可用于测定球墨铸铁中稀土和镁的方法很多.现根据实际情况出发介绍以下方法:1 偶氮氯磷(Ⅲ)(CPAⅢ)光度法测定稀土总量称取试样0.200g,置于100ml两用瓶中,加入硫硝混合酸(每升中含浓H_2SO_450ml及浓HNO_38ml)10ml、低温加热溶解,待作用缓慢时,分次加入     

合金钢中钼的快速分析

试样用酸溶解,并以硝酸氧化,使钼成为6价,在硫酸存在下,用抗坏血酸将钼还原成5价(同时铁也被还原)。5价钼与硫氰酸盐形成络合物进行光度测定,发色速度快,色泽稳定,操作简单,重现性好,分析结果准确可靠。 分析方法:称取试样50mg于100ml锥形瓶中,加高氯酸2ml,硝酸(1+1)8滴,加热溶解,继续加热蒸发     

读者园地

问:用电解法测定纯铜中铜溶解试样时应注意些什么?——上海读者金林 溶解纯铜试样时应注意防止铜溶液的飞溅损失。在铜样与硫硝混合酸反应时,肉眼也能看到有溶液以细雾状随酸的蒸气在溶液的上面飞腾。为防止其逸出烧杯而造成损失,常采取以下措施:(1)加热温度不宜太高,在刚加入混合酸后的几分钟内因反应已较剧烈,一般可不另加热,待作用缓慢时再加热,加热温度以保持80～90℃为宜。试样全部溶解后应继续加热使氮的氧化物赶尽;(2)为了保证试样溶液在溶样过程中不损失,也有规定用特制的电解烧杯。如美国ASTM方法中采用200ml或300ml     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法在铋矿石化学物相分析中的应用

取铋矿石试样(0.500 0g),用抗坏血酸0.5g和1mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液50mL,于25℃振荡提取30min,经致密滤纸过滤。取其滤液制成含20%(体积分数,下同)盐酸的试液100.0mL,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定其中的氧化矿铋的含量。将上述过滤中的滤纸及其不溶物用盐酸羟胺0.5g和50%盐酸溶液25mL于100℃水浴中浸取1h后,加水25mL并过滤,取其滤液制成含20%盐酸的试液100.0mL,用ICP-AES测定其中的辉铋矿铋。将上述过滤后所得滤纸及其不溶物移入瓷坩埚中,升温至800℃灰化2h。冷却后,将坩埚中的不溶物用盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+2)混合酸20mL加热溶解并蒸缩至约10mL,加入20%盐酸溶液10mL并定容至50.0mL,用原子荧光光度计(AFS)测定其中自然铋矿铋的含量。另取铋矿石样品0.500 0g,用上述混合酸20mL加热溶解并蒸缩至约10mL,加入20%盐酸溶液20mL,并定容至100.0mL,用ICP-AES测定其全铋量。ICP-AES校准曲线的线性范围在10.00mg·L~(-1)以内,铋的检出限(3S/N)为3.0μg·g~(-1)。用所提出方法和常用的比色法对3个样品中的全铋、氧化矿铋和辉铋矿铋分别进行测定,两种方法所得结果相互一致。     

Generation and detection of levuglandins and isolevuglandins in vitro and in vivo

Levuglandins (LGs) and isolevuglandins (isoLGs), formed by rearrangement of endoperoxide intermediates generated through the cyclooxygenase and free radical induced oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are extraordinarily reactive, forming covalent adducts incorporating protein lysyl ε-amino groups. Because they accumulate, these adducts provide a dosimeter of oxidative injury. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of the generation of LG/isoLG in vitro and in vivo and the detection methods for the adducts of LG/isoLG and biological molecules in vivo.     

Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in dimethylsulfoxide

Journal of Solution Chemistry - Enthalpies of solution of purine and adenine in water and in demethylsulfoxide were measured calorimetrically in the temperature range 25–40°C. ΔH s...     

Coassembly of Nanorods and Nanospheres in Suspensions and in Stratified Films

The entropically driven coassembly of nanorods (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and nanospheres (dye‐labeled spherical latex nanoparticles, NPs) was studied in aqueous suspensions and in solid films. In mixed CNC‐latex suspensions, phase separation into an isotropic latex‐NP‐rich and a chiral nematic CNC‐rich phase took place; the latter contained a significant amount of latex NPs. Drying the mixed suspension resulted in CNC‐latex films with planar disordered layers of latex NPs, which alternated with chiral nematic CNC‐rich regions. In addition, fluorescent latex NPs were embedded in the chiral nematic domains. The stratified morphology of the films, together with a random distribution of latex NPs in the anisotropic phase, led to the films having close‐to‐uniform fluorescence, birefringence, and circular dichroism properties.     

Determination of diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma in the presence of oxazepam and temazepam

For studies on the excretion of drugs into milk a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed to quantitate diazepam and nordazepam in the milk and plasma of humans and rabbits in the presence of their major metabolites, oxazepam and temazepam. Flurazepam was used as an internal standard. The assay involves extractions with diethyl ether and an additional acid clean-up step. Chromatographic separation was achieved by a LiChrospher 60 RP-select B (5 microns) column and KH2PO4- acetonitrile (69:31, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.80 as a mobile phase. The same extraction and chromatographic conditions were suited to both types of samples, milk and plasma. The limits of determination using ultraviolet detection at 241 nm was for diazepam 20 ng/ml and for nordazepam 15 ng/ml. The absolute recoveries of diazepam, nordazepam and flurazepam in human milk were 84, 86 and 92% and in human plasma 97, 89 and 94%, respectively. The within- and between-day accuracy and precision for diazepam and nordazepam in milk and plasma at all concentrations tested (20-1500 ng/ml) were better than 8%. The high fat content which occurs in rabbit milk presented no limitation for the extraction of lipophilic diazepam: the method was successfully used to monitor milk and plasma concentrations of diazepam and nordazepam in lactating New Zealand White rabbits during 26-h infusions of diazepam (1.4 mg/h).     

Comparison and correlation of in vitro, in vivo and in silico evaluations of alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrin complexes of curcumin

In the present study investigated the effect of curcumin (CUR) alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) cyclodextrin (CD) complexes on its solubility and bioavailability. CUR the active principle of turmeric is a natural antioxidant agent with potent anti-inflammatory activity along with chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive properties. Poor solubility and poor oral bioavailability are the main reasons which preclude CUR use in therapy. Extent of complexation was β-CD complex (82 %) > γ-CD (71 %) > α-CD (65 %). Pulverization method resulted in significant enhancement of CUR (0.002 mg/ml) solubility with CUR α-CD complex (0.364 mg/ml) > CUR β-CD complex (0.186 mg/ml) > CUR γ-CD complex (0.068 mg/ml). Gibbs-free energy and in silico molecular docking studies favour formation of α-CD complex > β-CD complex > γ-CD complex. With reference to CUR, relative bioavailability of CUR α-CD, CUR β-CD and CUR γ-CD complexes were 460, 365 and 99 % respectively. CUR–CD complexes exhibited increased bioavailability with an increase in t_½, tmax, Cmax, AUC, Ka, and MRT; and a decrease in Ke, clearance and Vd values. AUC increase was CUR α-CD complex > CUR β-CD complex > CUR γ-CD complex. Significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed between CUR α-CD complex and CUR γ-CD complex by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post hoc test for multiple comparison analysis. Correlation observed between in vitro, in vivo and in silico methods indicates potential of in silico and in vitro methods in CD selection.     

Electrochemical Fluorination of Benzamide and Acetanilide in Anhydrous HF and in Acetonitrile

Electrochemical fluorination of benzamide in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride does not involve the amide group but occurs exclusively at the aromatic ring, yielding isomeric fluoro- and difluorobenzamides and 3,3,6,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-cyclohexadienecarboxamide. Electrochemical fluorination of benzamide in acetonitrile as solvent gives the same products, as well as benzonitrile and its fluorinated derivatives and products of hydrolysis and fluorination of acetonitrile. Electrochemical fluorination of acetanilide in anhydrous HF leads to complete tarring of the reaction mixture, while its fluorination in acetonitrile results in selective formation of m-fluoroacetanilide.     

Structure of dimethoxyamine in the crystalline and gaseous phases and in solution

Conclusions It has been established by the methods of x-ray diffraction analysis and electron diffraction analysis and measurements of the dipole moments and the birefringence that in the crystalline and gaseous phases, as well as in solution, N,N-dimethoxyamine has a gauche-gauche conformation, which is stipulated by a stabilizing nO-N-O* orbital interaction. The geometric parameters of the molecule have been determined.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2235–2242, October, 1986.