浊点萃取-紫外可见分光光度法测定痕量金

建立了以四甲基联苯胺(TMB)为络合剂,非离子表面活性剂Triton-114为萃取剂的浊点萃取-紫外可见分光光度法测定痕量金的方法。考察了溶液的pH、络合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等条件对浊点萃取的影响。在最优条件下,该方法对金的富集倍数为12倍,线性范围为0～0.5μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为8.6ng/mL,相对标准偏差RSD为2.3%～3.6%(n=6),回收率在97%～102%之间。方法已用于工业废水中痕量金的测定。     

人血白蛋白制品中超痕量铝的测定

建立了浊点萃取石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定人血白蛋白样品中超痕量铝的新方法。探讨了溶液酸度、络合剂的种类及浓度、非离子表面活性剂的浓度、平衡时间及温度等因素对浊点萃取过程的影响。以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚为络合剂,Triton X-114为非离子表面活性剂,浊点萃取分离富集10mL样品溶液,Al(Ⅲ)的富集倍数为34.8,在最佳工作条件下,铝的检出限为0.06μg/L;样品测定的相对标准偏差(n=7)为3.6%,加标回收率95.6%~98.4%。方法适合人血白蛋白样品中超痕量铝的分析测定。     

微波消解-浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定空心胶囊中铬含量

研究了微波消解-浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定空心胶囊中痕量铬的方法。空心胶囊通过微波消解,以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠(DDTC)为络合剂络合消解液中铬(Ⅵ),非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114为萃取剂,结合FAAS测定空心胶囊中痕量铬,与《中国药典》(2010版)检测方法具有较好一致性。考察了溶液的pH值、络合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等条件对浊点萃取效果的影响。在最优条件下,铬(Ⅵ)线性范围为0～10μg/mL,检出限(3σ)为7.6ng/mL,相对标准偏差为1.5%(n=10),回收率在95%～102%之间。方法灵敏度高,重复性好,适合于胶囊中铬的日常检测。     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定环境样品中的痕量镉

研究了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定痕量镉的新方法,利用表面活性剂Triton X-100和络合剂1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)对镉进行浊点萃取。详细探讨了影响浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的因素。优化条件为:0.25 mL 30%NaC l,pH 8.5,0.50 mL、4.0×10-4mol/L PAN,0.2 mL 1.0%TritonX-100。在最佳条件下,镉的富集倍率为50倍,检出限为5.9 ng/L,RSD为2.1%。该方法用于环境样中痕量镉的富集和测定,结果令人满意。     

浊点萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定塑料中的痕量铜

建立了以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚(PAN)为络合剂、Triton X-100为表面活性剂的浊点萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铜的分析方法。探讨了溶液的pH、络合剂和表面活性剂用量、平衡温度和平衡时间等因素对浊点萃取的影响。最佳条件下,线性方程为Y=0.1049X+0.0016,相关系数为0.9988,检出限为0.7μg/L,相对偏差为2.3%,富集倍数为15倍。用该方法对几种塑料制品中的痕量铜进行测定,回收率为97.5%～101.9%。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定消食类中草药中的铅

建立了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4种消食类中草药中Pb含量的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂、非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)为萃取剂,采用浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法联用,测定4种消食类中草药中Pb的含量,探讨溶液p H、表面活性剂用量、络合剂用量、平衡温度、平衡时间、干扰离子等条件对浊点萃取率的影响。最佳条件下,富集倍数为21倍,方法的检出限为0.16μg/L,校准曲线相关系数为0.9995;RSD≤1.7%(n=11),回收率在96.5%~98.1%之间。方法已用于4种消食类中草药中Pb的测定。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定淡水鱼中痕量铅

采用以双硫腙为络合剂、Triton X-100为表面活性剂的新型浊点萃取体系富集淡水鱼中的痕量铅,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法对其进行测定。探讨了溶液pH、表面活性剂浓度、络合剂用量、平衡温度、平衡时间等对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响,优化了实验条件。在最佳条件下测得铅的检出限为0.090μg/L,校准曲线相关系数为0.9999。该方法已用于淡水鱼中痕量铅的测定。     

浊点萃取-热喷雾火焰炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量锌(Ⅱ)

建立了以吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)为络合剂、TritonX-100为表面活性剂的浊点萃取-热喷雾火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量锌的方法.考查了APDC的浓度、溶液酸度、表面活性剂浓度、加热时间、水浴温度、干扰离子等实验条件对浊点萃取效率的影响.在最优化的实验条件下.方法的检出限为0.1 ng/mL,RsD为4...     

浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钯

建立了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定痕量金属钯的新方法,利用表面活性剂Triton X-114和络合剂2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺(5-Br-PADMA)对钯进行浊点萃取。研究了溶液pH、试剂浓度、平衡温度和加热时间等因素对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响。优化条件为:pH 5.50 HAc-NaAc缓冲,0.08 mL 5×10-4 mol/L 5-Br-PADMA,0.70 mL10g/L Triton X-114。在最佳条件下,方法的线性范围为0.1～10 ng/mL,钯的检出限为0.068 ng/mL,富集倍率为45倍。该方法可用于环境样品中痕量钯的富集和测定,结果令人满意。     

浊点萃取预富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量镍

以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚为络合剂,在pH 7.0,用Triton X-100非离子表面活性剂浊点萃取水样中痕量镍.表面活性剂相用硝酸-甲醇(1 9)混合液0.5 mL分散,所得溶液直接引入仪器进行火焰原子吸收测定,方法的检出限(3σ)为3.77×10-3mg·L-1,应用所提出方法测定了河水样品,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.98%.     

Flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of trace amounts of palladium,gold and nickel after cloud point extraction

In this article, a sensitive cloud point extraction procedure for the preconcentration of trace amounts of palladium, gold and nickel prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. The cloud point extraction method is based on the complexation of Pd(II), Au(II), and Ni(II) ions with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and entrapping in non-ionic surfactant Triton X-114. The main factors affecting cloud point extraction efficiency, such as pH of sample solution, concentration of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and Triton X-114, equilibration temperature and time, were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, calibration curves were constructed for the determination of palladium, gold and nickel according to the general procedure. Linearity was maintained from 0.01 to 1.0 μg/mL for palladium, 10.0 μg/mL to 1.5 μg/mL for gold, and 10.0 μg/mL to 0.5 μg/mL for nickel. Detection limits based on three times the standard deviation of the blank divided by the slope of analytical curve (3Sb/m) for Pd(II), Au(III), and Ni(11) ions were 3.4, 3.9, and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. Seven replicate determination of a mixture of 0.5 μg/mL palladium and gold and 0.2 μg/mL nickel gave a mean absorbance of 0.174, 0.150, and 0.201 with relative standard deviation ±1.5, ±1.3, and ±1.8%, respectively. The high efficiency of cloud point extraction to carry out the determination of analytes in complex matrices was demonstrated. The proposed method has been applied for determination of trace amount of palladium, gold and nickel in certified reference material and water samples with satisfactory results.     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中的痕量钴

研究了基于表面活性剂Triton X-114和络合剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵（APDC）浊点萃取钴的样品前处理方法.优化了浊点萃取条件参数,包括pH值、Triton X-114用量、APDC浓度、平衡温度及时间等,建立了浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量钴的方法.该法的检测限（3σ）为2.6μg/L,相对标准偏差RSD为6.2%（n=7,c=200μg/L）.该法成功地应用于海带、维生素B12注射液等样品中钴的测定.     

Cloud Point Extraction of Serum Albumin and Its Spectrophotometric Determination in Serum Samples

Abstract

A new method based on the cloud point extraction (CPE) separation and ultraviolet spectrometry determination was proposed for the determination of albumin. When the system temperature is higher than the cloud point extraction temperature (CPT) of the mixed surfactant of p‐octyl polyethyleneglycolphenyether (Triton X‐100) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), serum albumin could be extracted into surfactant‐rich phase. The main factors affecting the cloud point extraction were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the determination limit for serum albumin as low as 0.18 µg/mL was obtained by preconcentrating a 10 mL sample solution, and the relative standard deviation (n=10, c=40.0 µg/mL) was 3.77%. The proposed method was applied to the determination of albumin in serum samples. The results obtained by this method were in good agreement with coomassie brilliant blue (CBB).     

浊点萃取光度法测定水样中亚硝酸根

A new method for the determination of trace nitrite by spectrophotometric after cloud point extraction was proposed.The effects of experimental conditions such as acidity,concentration of chromogenic reagent and surfactant,equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction were discussed.Under the optimum conditions,a good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 4.0～200 μg/L of the nitrite(r=0.9998),the detection limits of 0.43 μg/L.The recoveries fell in the range from 97.7% to 102.4% an...     

The cloud point extraction of copper(II) with monocarboxylic acids into non-ionic surfactant phase

The possibility to use monocarboxylic acids and their mixtures with amines for copper concentrating by the way of micellar extraction at cloud point temperature, and later atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) determination was investigated. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration of 100 ml of water sample in the presence of 1% non-ionic surfactant OP-10, 0.005 M capric acid and 0.01 M octylamine permitted the detection of 0.01 μg ml⁻¹ copper. The proposed method has been applied to the AAS determination of copper in water samples after cloud point extraction.     

Cloud Point Extraction Preconcentration of Trace Cadmium as 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone Complex and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

A new method for the determination of trace cadmium in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after cloud point extraction (CPE) is proposed. The method is based on the complexation of Cd with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) in the presence of non-ionic micelles of Triton X-100. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of chelating agent and surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction was studied. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limits are 0.64 ng mL^±1 with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.1% (n = 10). The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace cadmium in water samples with satisfactory results.     

Cloud point extraction and preconcentration of gold in geological matrices prior to flame atomic absorption determination

Brilliant green was used as a complexing agent in cloud point extraction (CPE) and applied for selective preconcentration of trace amounts of gold in geological matrices. The analyte in the initial aqueous solution was acidified with hydrochloric acid (0.1 M) and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton X-114) was added as a surfactant. After phase separation, based on the cloud point separation of the mixture, the surfactant rich phase was diluted with methanol and the analyte determined in the surfactant rich phase by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). After optimization of the complexation and extraction conditions, a preconcentration factor of 31 was obtained for only 10 mL of sample. The analytical curve was linear in the range of 3–1000 ng mL⁻¹ and the limit of detection was 1.5 ng mL⁻¹. The proposed method was applied to the determination of gold in geological samples.     

Investigation of analytical performance for rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction of trace amounts of copper combined with spectrophotometric determination

In this work, an improved preconcentration method named as rapidly synergistic cloud point extraction (RS-CPE) was established for copper preconcentration and determination. Non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) was used as extractant. Octanol worked as cloud point revulsant and synergic reagent, which successfully decreased the cloud point temperature (CPT) of TX-100 to realize the room temperature (about 20°C) CPE without heating. The established RS-CPE pretreatment was simple, rapid and effective. Compared with traditional CPE (about 40 min for heating, incubation and cooling), the extraction time of the proposed method was very short (1 min). The improved extraction technique RS-CPE was combined with traditional spectrophotometer to improve the analytical performance and expand the application of spectrophotometric determination. The influence factors relevant to RS-CPE, such as concentrations of TX-100 and octanol, concentration of chelating agent, pH, conditions of phase separation, salt effect, environmental temperature and instrumental conditions, were studied in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for copper was 0.4 μg L(-1), with sensitivity enhancement factor (EF) of 18. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace copper in real samples and certified samples with satisfactory analytical results.     

Cloud point extraction preconcentration of manganese(II) from natural water samples using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone and triton X-100 and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

The possibility was investigated by using 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone (PMBP) as the chelating reagent for separation and preconcentration of manganese(II) by cloud point extraction (CPE) and subsequent determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The effects of experimental conditions such as pH, concentration of chelating agent and surfactant, equilibration temperature and time on cloud point extraction were studied. Under the optimum conditions, preconcentration of 10 ml of sample solution permitted the detection of 1.45 ng mL(-1) of manganese with an enrichment factor of 20. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace manganese in water samples with satisfactory results.