Acyclic graph coloring and the complexity of the star chromatic number

Star chromatic number, introduced by A. Vince, is a natural generalization of chromatic number. We consider the question, “When is χ* < χ?” We show that χ* < χ if and only if a particular digraph is acyclic and that the decisioin problem associated with this question is probably not in NP though it is both NP-hard and NP-easy. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Global existence, asymptotic behavior and blow-up of solutions for coupled Klein-Gordon equations with damping terms

This paper studies the Cauchy problem for the coupled system of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with damping terms. We first state the existence of standing wave with ground state, based on which we prove a sharp criteria for global existence and blow-up of solutions when E(0)<d. We then introduce a family of potential wells and discuss the invariant sets and vacuum isolating behavior of solutions for 0<E(0)<d and E(0)≤0, respectively. Furthermore, we prove the global existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions for the case of potential well family with 0<E(0)<d. Finally, a blow-up result for solutions with arbitrarily positive initial energy is obtained.     

A novel finite volume method for the Riesz space distributed-order advection–diffusion equation

In this paper, we investigate the finite volume method (FVM) for a distributed-order space-fractional advection–diffusion (AD) equation. The mid-point quadrature rule is used to approximate the distributed-order equation by a multi-term fractional model. Next, the transformed multi-term fractional equation is solved by discretizing in space by the finite volume method and in time using the Crank–Nicolson scheme. We use a novel technique to deal with the convection term, by which the Riesz fractional derivative of order 0 < γ < 1 is transformed into a fractional integral form. An important contribution of our work is the use of nodal basis function to derive the discrete form of our model. The unique solvability of the scheme is also discussed and we prove that the Crank–Nicolson scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent with second-order accuracy. Finally, we give some examples to show the effectiveness of the numerical method.     

Quasiunconditional Basis Property of the Faber–Schauder System

Ukrainian Mathematical Journal - We prove that, for any 0 &lt; ?? &lt; 1, there exists a measurable set E?? ? [0, 1], mes (E??) &gt; 1...     

Fractional Weyl-Riesz Integrodifferentiation of Periodic Functions of Two Variables via the Periodization of the Riesz Kernel

We consider the periodization of the Riesz fractional integrals (Riesz potentials) of two variables and show that already in this case we come across different effects, depending on whether we use the repeated periodization, first in one variable, and afterwards in another one, or the so called double periodization. We show that the naturally introduced doubly-periodic Weyl-Riesz kernel of order 0< f <2 in general coincides with the periodization of the Riesz kernel, the repeated periodization being possible for all 0< f <2 , while the double one is applicable only for 0< f <1 . This is obtained as a realization of a certain general scheme of periodization, both repeated and double versions. We prove statements on coincidence of the corresponding periodic and nonperiodic convolutions and give an application to the case of the Riesz kernel.     

The Chern–Osserman inequality for minimal surfaces in a Cartan–Hadamard manifold with strictly negative sectional curvatures

We state and prove a Chern–Osserman-type inequality in terms of the volume growth for minimal surfaces S which have finite total extrinsic curvature and are properly immersed in a Cartan–Hadamard manifold N with sectional curvatures bounded from above by a negative quantity K _N ≤b<0 and such that they are not too curved (on average) with respect to the hyperbolic space with constant sectional curvature given by the upper bound b. We also prove the same Chern–Osserman-type inequality for minimal surfaces with finite total extrinsic curvature and properly immersed in an asymptotically hyperbolic Cartan–Hadamard manifold N with sectional curvatures bounded from above by a negative quantity K _N ≤b<0.     

The boundary of a smooth set has full Hausdorff dimension

We prove that if the restriction of the Lebesgue measure to a set A⊂[0,1] with 0<|A|<1 is a smooth measure, then the boundary of A must have full Hausdorff dimension.     

Singular solutions of Hessian fully nonlinear elliptic equations

We study Hessian fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations and show that the second derivatives of viscosity solutions of those equations (in 12 or more dimensions) can blow up in an interior point of the domain. We prove that the optimal interior regularity of such solutions is no more than C1+?, showing the optimality of the known interior regularity result. The same is proven for Isaacs equations. We prove the existence of non-smooth solutions to fully nonlinear Hessian uniformly elliptic equations in 11 dimensions. We study also the possible singularity of solutions of Hessian equations defined in a neighborhood of a point and prove that a homogeneous order 0<α<1 solution of a Hessian uniformly elliptic equation in a punctured ball should be radial.     

A note on the complexity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript> minimization

We discuss the L _p (0 ≤ p < 1) minimization problem arising from sparse solution construction and compressed sensing. For any fixed 0 < p < 1, we prove that finding the global minimal value of the problem is strongly NP-Hard, but computing a local minimizer of the problem can be done in polynomial time. We also develop an interior-point potential reduction algorithm with a provable complexity bound and demonstrate preliminary computational results of effectiveness of the algorithm.     

An approximate version of Hadwiger's conjecture for claw‐free graphs

Hadwiger's conjecture states that every graph with chromatic number χ has a clique minor of size χ. In this paper we prove a weakened version of this conjecture for the class of claw‐free graphs (graphs that do not have a vertex with three pairwise nonadjacent neighbors). Our main result is that a claw‐free graph with chromatic number χ has a clique minor of size $\lceil\frac{2}{3}\chi\rceil$. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 63: 259–278, 2010     

An optimization problem with volume constraint for a degenerate quasilinear operator

We consider the optimization problem of minimizing with a constraint on the volume of {u>0}. We consider a penalization problem, and we prove that for small values of the penalization parameter, the constrained volume is attained. In this way we prove that every solution u is locally Lipschitz continuous and that the free boundary, ∂{u>0}∩Ω, is smooth.     

Lipschitz constants for the real part and modulus of analytic mappings on a negatively curved surface

Archiv der Mathematik - We prove that if f, $$|\mathfrak {R}f|&lt;1$$ , is an analytic mapping on a surface $$\Sigma $$ with curvature bounded from below by a constant $$k&lt;0$$ , and if...     

On the consistency of some partition theorems for continuous colorings,and the structure of ℵ1-dense real order types

We present some techniques in c.c.c. forcing, and apply them to prove consistency results concerning the isomorphism and embeddability relations on the family of ?₁-dense sets of real numbers. In this direction we continue the work of Baumgartner [2] who proved the axiom BA stating that every two ?₁-dense subsets of $\text{R}$ are isomorphic, is consistent. We e.g. prove Con(BA+(2^?₀>?₂)). Let <K^H,<> be the set of order types of ?₁-dense homogeneous subsets of $\text{R}$ with the relation of embeddability. We prove that for every finite model <L, <->: Con(MA+ <K^H, <-> ? <L, <->) iff L is a distributive lattice. We prove that it is consistent that the Magidor-Malitz language is not countably compact. We deal with the consistency of certain topological partition theorems. E.g. We prove that MA is consistent with the axiom OCA which says: “If X is a second countable space of power ?₁, and {U₀,\h.;,U_n?1} is a cover of D(X)

XxX-}<x,x>¦x?X} consisting of symmetric open sets, then X can be partitioned into {X_i \brvbar; i ? ω} such that for every i ? ω there is l<n such that D(X_i)?U_l”. We also prove that MA+OCA [xrArr] 2 ?₀ = ?₂.     

Laplace-type exact asymptotic formulas for the Bogoliubov Gaussian measure

We obtain new asymptotic formulas for two classes of Laplace-type functional integrals with the Bogoliubov measure. The principal functionals are the L^p functionals with 0 < p < ∞ and two functionals of the exact-upper-bound type. In particular, we prove theorems on the Laplace-type asymptotic behavior for the moments of the L^p norm of the Bogoliubov Gaussian process when the moment order becomes infinitely large. We establish the existence of the threshold value p ₀ = 2+4π ² /β ² ω ₂ , where β > 0 is the inverse temperature and ω > 0 is the harmonic oscillator eigenfrequency. We prove that the asymptotic behavior under investigation differs for 0 < p < p ₀ and p > p ₀ . We obtain similar asymptotic results for large deviations for the Bogoliubov measure. We establish the scaling property of the Bogoliubov process, which allows reducing the number of independent parameters.     

Initial trace for a porous medium equation: I. The strong absorption case

We study the equation (E): u_t−Δu^m+u^q=0, (m, q>0) in Δ×ℝ₊, in a regular bounded open set Ω, or the whole space. We first prove that when 0<m<q, distributional solutions of (E) have an initial trace which is a Borel measure, then we study existence and uniqueness results with measure initial data. Entrata in Redazione il 12 giugno 1999. Ricevuta versione finale il 5 febbraio 2000.     

The planar Lp dual Minkowski problem

Science China Mathematics - In this paper we study the Lpq-dual Minkowski problem for the case p &lt; 0 &lt; q. We prove for any positive smooth function f on $$\mathbb{S}^{1}$$ , there...     

Singular solutions of the elliptic equation Δu−u+up=0

In this paper, we prove the existence of infinitely many singular ground states for the semilinear elliptic equation Δu?u+u^p=0 for 1<p<(n+2)/(n?2), n?3. We also prove that the related Dirichlet problem on a ball has infinitely many singular solutions. The asymptotic behaviors are also discussed.     

Hamiltonian F-Stability of Complete Lagrangian Self-Shrinkers

In this paper, we study the Lagrangian F-stability and Hamiltonian F-stability of Lagrangian self-shrinkers. We prove a characterization theorem for the Hamiltonian F-stability of n-dimensional complete Lagrangian self-shrinkers without boundary, with polynomial volume growth and with the second fundamental form satisfying the condition that there exist constants \(C_0>0\) and \(\varepsilon <\frac{1}{16n}\) such that \(|A|^2\le C_0+\varepsilon |x|^2\). We characterize the Hamiltonian F-stability by the eigenvalues and eigenspaces of the drifted Laplacian.     

Asymptotic Expansion of Solutions of Parabolic Equations with a Small Parameter

The heat equation with a small parameter, $\left( {1 + \varepsilon ^{ - m} \chi \left( {\frac{x}{\varepsilon }} \right)} \right)ut = u_{xx} $ , is considered, where ε ∈ (0, 1), m < 1 and χ is a finite function. A complete asymptotic expansion of the solution in powers ε is constructed.     

Closed subgroups as Ditkin sets

We prove that every closed subgroup of a locally compact group is locally p  -Ditkin for 1<p<∞$1<p<\infty$.