IR Spectroscopic signs of malignant neoplasms in the thyroid gland

We use Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to study thyroid tumor tissues which were removed during surgery. The IR spectra of the tissues with pathological foci are compared with data from histologic examination. In the region of N–H, C–H, and C = O stretching vibrations, the IR spectra of the tissues for thyroid cancer are different from the IR spectra of tissues without malignant formations. We identify the spectral signs of thyroid cancer. We show that IR analysis is promising for identification of thyroid pathology at the molecular level.     

人体肿瘤组织的光谱识别

本文对人体胃肿瘤组织和正常组织的激光诱导荧光光谱进行了研究。结果表明：对于肿瘤组织，其光谱的强度和形状都不同于正常组织，对肿瘤组织区分的符合率为８９％，对正常组织区分的符合率为９１％。另外，还对病人的胃肿瘤组织进行了光谱实时测定。     

衰减全反射红外光谱用于人乳腺癌组织的研究

通过对32例人乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的衰减全反射红外光谱的对比研究发现,它们之间存在明显而规律的光谱差异,反映了乳腺良、恶性病变组织中,蛋白质、核酸和脂类等生物大分子的构型与构象以及相对含量上的差别.研究表明:傅里叶变换红外光谱可以从分子水平上揭示良、恶性肿瘤的分子结构信息,极有潜力成为一种临床原位诊断肿瘤的新方法.     

IR spectroscopic methods for diagnosis of oncological pathologies in human tissues (Review)

Modern problems in the diagnosis of oncological pathologies using spectroscopic methods of analysis are considered. Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy methods are illustrated by investigation of tissues of breast, thyroid gland, stomach, kidney, lung, and skin excised during surgical intervention. IR spectra of surgical material are compared with data of histological analysis. Spectra of proteins and lipids in malignant neoplasms differ from those in benign tumors and in tissues beyond the pathological focus. Differences in protein spectra are attributed to changes in the supramolecular structure due to cleavage of intramolecular C=OH–N hydrogen bonds. Differences in IR spectra of lipids in neoplasms, when compared with those in normal tissues, are caused by changes in the structure of side chains of fatty-acid radicals appearing in malignant tumors. Spectral signatures of malignant pathology are revealed.     

Infrared spectra of proteins and lipids in human breast malignant tissues

IR spectroscopy methods have been adopted for investigating resected tissues of mammary glands. IR spectra of surgical material are compared with histological data. Spectra of proteins and lipids in malignant tumors are shown to be different from those in benign tumors and in tissues outside the pathologically impacted volume. Differences in the protein spectra are due to changes in the supramolecular structure because of the cleavage of intramolecular C=O⋅⋅⋅H–N H-bonds. Spectral signatures of malignant pathologies are identified. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 261–266, March–April, 2009.     

傅里叶变换中红外光谱法检测脑膜瘤的研究

采用傅里叶变换衰减全反射中红外光谱法检测了24例液氮冻存的脑膜瘤离体样品(其中良性肿瘤12例,有恶性倾向的肿瘤12例),对得到的红外光谱进行整理分析,发现不同类型脑膜瘤组织(如纤维型脑膜瘤和内皮型脑膜瘤)的红外光谱存在着差异,并且同一种类型的脑膜瘤组织,其恶性倾向的程度不同,他们的红外光谱也表现出较为明显的区别,因此,我们可以从各个特征吸收峰的峰位、峰形及峰强等信息的变化来区分脑膜瘤,并可以初步鉴别脑膜瘤的性质;研究结果发现,通过某些特征吸收峰(如1 160cm-1)峰位的变化来鉴别脑膜瘤的性质与病理诊断结果的符合率大于85%,说明傅里叶变换衰减全反射中红外光谱法有可能发展成为一种对样品无损伤、快速的脑肿瘤诊断新方法。     

直肠癌和直肠正常组织的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换中红外 (FTIR)光纤和ATR技术研究了 2 1例直肠癌病人的正常和癌变组织。对319张光谱进行数据分析的结果表明 ,五个相对峰高 (I2 873 I2 854,I1 74 5 I1 6 43,I1 458 I1 40 0 ,I1 2 4 0 I1 31 5和I1 1 6 2 I1 0 82,单位为cm- 1 )的差别可用于区分直肠癌和直肠正常组织。用这一差别分析了距离直肠癌 1cm处组织的光谱 ,发现该组织处于正常和癌变的过渡状态。     

Infrared absorption spectra of human malignant tumor tissues

We used infrared spectroscopy methods to study the molecular structure of tissues from human organs removed during surgery. The IR spectra of the surgical material from breast, thyroid, and lung are compared with data from histological examination. We show that in malignant neoplasms, a change occurs in the hydrogen bonds of protein macromolecules found in the tissue of the studied organs. We identify the spectral signs of malignant pathology. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 395–399, May–June, 2008.     

Comparison of connective tissue invaded by Lewis lung carcinoma to healthy connective tissue by means of micro‐Raman spectroscopy

We have measured the micro‐Raman spectra of mouse tissues invaded by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). We have also carried out categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) on the acquired spectra. The results indicate that the tumor tissues can be well discriminated from normal tissues by the first two principal components extracted from the spectra. Furthermore, we have found that the concentrations of nucleic acids and lipids/fatty acids in the tumor are considerably higher than those in the normal tissue, whereas the collagen concentration is lower. These differences can be detected and characterized by Raman images using the 788 cm⁻¹ DNA/RNA band and the 1301 cm⁻¹ lipid/fatty acid band. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Methods of IR spectroscopy in monitoring of chemotherapy of oncological pathologies using palladium complexes

FTIR spectroscopy is used to study mammary-gland tissues of mice with a sarcoma tumor (strain 180). Spectral features that are typical of malignant tumors are revealed in the FTIR spectra in the sarcoma-tumor tissues. Tumor tissues are studied after treatment using coordination compounds based on palladium complexes with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid and zoledronic acid. A therapeutic effect is not revealed after treatment using palladium complex with 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The suppression of tumor growth amounts to 59% when palladium complexes with zoledronic acid are used. Suppression of tumor growth is accompanied by variations in spectral characteristics. With respect to diagnostic features, the FTIR spectra of tumor tissues after treatment with the palladium complexes with zoledronic acid are similar to the FTIR spectra of tissues that are free of malignant tumors. Specific spectroscopic characteristics that make it possible to control the chemotherapy of oncological pathologies are determined.     

直肠组织的高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振波谱研究

文章对6例直肠癌变及正常组织进行高分辨魔角旋转核磁共振波谱研究,结果显示直肠癌变和正常组织的核磁共振氢谱存在明显差异。这可以通过特征峰面积与0.88处峰积分面积的比值上的差异看出：（1）在化学位移0.75～1.55之间,癌组织各种氨基酸[缬氨酸,异亮氨酸,亮氨酸]与脂肪酸甲基的比值（I₂/I₁）,癌组织乳酸盐与脂肪酸甲基的比值(I₄/I₁)都明显增大。（2）在化学位移1.55～2.90之间,癌变组织中亮氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸与脂肪酸甲基的比值（I₇/I₁）, 谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、缬氨酸、琥珀酸与脂肪酸甲基的比值((I₉+I₁₁)/I₁)、天冬氨酸与脂肪酸甲基的比值((I₁₂+I₁₄)/I₁)都较正常组织明显增大。（3）在化学位移2.90～3.49之间,癌变组织氨基酸与脂肪酸甲基的比值（I₁₅/I₁）、胆碱类与脂肪酸甲基的比值((I₁₆+I₁₇)/I₁)、牛磺酸与脂肪酸甲基的比值((I₁₈+I₁₉)/I₁)都较正常组织明显增大。（4）在化学位移3.49～4.50之间,其他代谢物与脂肪酸甲基的比值（I₂₀/I₁）,以及甘油基与脂肪酸甲基的比值（I₂₂/I₁）在癌变组织中都有增大的趋势。（5）化学位移4.5～10之间,癌变组织的核苷酸发生了变化,癌变组织的不饱和脂肪酸与脂肪酸甲基的比值（I₂₄/I₁）明显减小。（6）在化学位移-8～0.75之间,癌变组织的谱峰有减少的趋势。通过上述分析可知,通过癌变与正常组织代谢物NMR谱峰的差异,可以区分癌变和正常组织。说明核磁共振波谱技术可能发展成为一种诊断直肠癌的新方法。     

直肠癌及直肠正常组织的IR和~1H及~(31)P NMR谱研究

对12例直肠组织的红外光谱图进行了测定,并对6例直肠癌变及正常组织的固体1H和31P NMR谱与另外6例直肠癌变及正常组织的液体1H和31P-NMR谱进行研究.结果表明,(1)直肠癌变和正常组织的红外光谱中存在明显差异.(2)在固体1H和31P NMR谱中,1H NMR谱上癌组织的脂肪酸与水相关的特征峰面积的比值I(5+6+7)/I(1+2+3+4)明显变低,依据I(5+6+7)/I(1+2+3+4)比值可区分癌变与正常组织.31P NMR谱上,癌变组织的最强峰的化学位移明显向高场偏移.(3)在液体1H和31P NMR谱中,1H NMR谱上癌组织中3.20处峰强较正常组织高,表明与癌变密切相关的胆碱类化合物包括游离的胆碱、磷酸胆碱及甘油磷酸胆碱等的量增大.31P NMR谱上,癌变组织的强度最大峰的化学位移分别为1.18,1.26,1.29,1.37,正常组织的化学位移为1.70和2.18,癌变组织的强度最大峰的化学位移明显向高场偏移.通过癌变与正常组织代谢物1H NMR谱峰强度和1P NMR谱峰化学位移的差异,可以区分直肠癌变和正常组织,核磁共振1H和31P NMR谱技术可能发展成为一种诊断直肠癌的新方法.     

Oxygenated hemoglobin diffuse reflectance ratio for in vitro detection of human gastric pre-cancer

Oxygenated hemoglobin diffuse reflectance (DR) ratio (R540/R575) method based on DR spectral signatures is used for early diagnosis of malignant lesions of human gastric epithelial tissues in vitro. The DR spectra for four different kinds of gastric epithelial tissues were measured using a spectrometer with an integrating sphere detector in the spectral range from 400 to 650 nm. The results of measurement showed that the average DR spectral intensity for the epithelial tissues of normal stomach is higher than that for the epithelial tissues of chronic and malignant stomach and that for the epithelial tissues of chronic gastric ulcer is higher than that for the epithelial tissues of malignant stomach. The average DR spectra for four different kinds of gastric epithelial tissues show dips at 542 and 577 nm owing to absorption from oxygenated Hemoglobin (HbO₂). The differences in the mean R540/R575 ratios of HbO₂ bands are 6.84% between the epithelial tissues of normal stomach and chronic gastric ulcer, 14.7% between the epithelial tissues of normal stomach and poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and 22.6% between the epithelial tissues of normal stomach and undifferentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. It is evident from results that there were significant differences in the mean R540/R575 ratios of HbO₂ bands for four different kinds of gastric epithelial tissues in vitro (P < 0.01).     

Raman spectral signatures of mouse mammary tissue and associated lymph nodes: normal,tumor and mastitis

Raman spectroscopy involves the interaction of light with the molecular vibrations and therefore can provide information about molecular structure, tissue composition and changes in its environment. We explored whether Raman spectroscopy can reliably distinguish mammary tumors from normal mammary tissues and other pathological states in mice. We analyzed a large number of Raman spectra from the tumor and normal mammary glands of mice injected with 4T1 tumor cells, which were collected using a high‐resolution (less than 4 cm⁻¹) Raman spectrometer at a fixed (785 nm) laser excitation wavelength and with 60 mW of laser power. The spectra of normal and tumor mammary glands showed consistent differences in the intensity of certain Raman bands and loss of some bands in the tumor spectra. Multivariate statistical methods—principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant functional analysis (DFA)—were used to separate the data into different groups of mammary tumors, mastitis, lymph nodes contralateral and tumor‐cell‐injected sides, and normal contralateral and tumor‐cell‐injected sides. We demonstrate that this spectroscopic technique has the feasibility of discriminating tumor and mastitis from normal tissues and other pathological states in a short period of time and may detect tumor transformation earlier than the standard histological examination stage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Signs of antimetastatic activity of palladium complexes of methylenediphosphonic acid in IR spectra

We have used Fourier transform IR spectroscopy methods to study normal mouse lung tissue and also after subcutaneous transplantation of a B-16 melanoma tumor in the tissue. We also studied tissues with B-16 melanoma after they were treated with coordination compounds based on palladium complexes of methylenediphosphonic acid. The IR spectra of the lung tissues with metastases in the region of the C = O stretching vibrations are different from the IR spectra of normal tissue. We identified spectroscopic signs of the presence of metastases in the lung. We show that when a cancerous tumor is treated with a preparation of palladium complexes of methylenediphosphonic acid, the spectroscopic signs of the presence of metastases in the lung are missing. After treatment with the optimal dose of this drug, the IR spectrum of the lung tissue in which multiple metastases were present before treatment corresponds to the spectrum of normal tissue. We have determined the efficacy of the antitumor activity of coordination compounds based on palladium complexes of methylenediphosphonic acid.     

甲状腺癌的傅里叶变换红外光谱研究

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,测定了17例甲状腺癌和23例良性甲状腺疾病术中新鲜离体组织的红外光谱。通过用统计学方法对比分析,发现甲状腺良恶性组织的傅里叶红外光谱之间存在明显差异,其中恶性肿瘤光谱有以下特征：(1)甲状腺癌组织的酰胺Ⅰ带明显红移(P<0.01),酰胺Ⅱ带却出现蓝移(P<0.05),癌组织光谱中I_{1 640}/I_{1 460}和I_{1 640}/I_{1 550}较良性组织明显升高(P<0.01),说明恶性肿瘤不仅蛋白质结构上发生了变化,蛋白质的量化上也有明显变化;(2)与脂类相关的2 955, 2 920, 2 870, 2 850和1 740 cm-1谱带出现概率明显变低,表明癌组织的脂类相对含量降低;(3)与核酸相关的1 241 cm-1谱带明显蓝移至(1 238.29±2.87)cm-1 ,I_{1 080}/I_{1 460}较良性肿物组织有升高(P<0.05),表明癌组织中磷酸二酯基团中PO₂增加,因为在癌细胞分裂增生加快,细胞核内DNA含量增加。研究结果表明,红外光谱有望成为术中快速诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的主要方法。     

Procedure for quantitative determination of effectiveness of photoinduced destruction of malignant tumors

We have developed a procedure for analysis of the functional status of blood vessels in tumor tissues using computer-assisted color scanning of tumor slices and also for a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of photoinduced destruction of tumor tissues in animal experiments. Its major advantage is direct determination of the size of the tumor necrosis zone. The procedure has been tested in an experiment on three strains of malignant tumors with different morphologies. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 521–524, July–August, 2006.     

Steady state and time-resolved autofluorescence studies of human colonic tissues

Steady state and time-resolved autofluorescence spectroscopies are employed to study the autofluorescence characteristics of human colonic tissues in vitro. The excitation wavelength varies from 260 to 540 nm, and the corresponding fluorescence emission spectra are acquired from 280 to 800 nm. Significant difference in fluorescence intensity of excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) is observed between normal and tumor colonic tissues. Compared with normal colonic tissue, low nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and high amino acids and protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PpⅨ) fluorescences characterize high-grade malignant tissue. Moreover, the autofluorescence lifetimes of normal and carcinomatous colonic tissues at 635 nm under 397-nm excitation are about 4.32±0.12 and 18.45±0.05 ns, respectively. The high accumulation of endogenous PpⅨ in colonic cancers is demonstrated in both steady state and time-resolved autofluorescence spectroscopies.     

中红外光纤技术用于腮腺肿瘤诊断的研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法与中红外光导纤维联用技术对１１例肿瘤，７例正常腮腺和１例舍格伦综合症的红外光谱进行了对比研究。结果发现正常腮腺和舍格伦综合症的红外光谱很相似，而与肿瘤的光谱存在着明显差别，同时也观察到良性与恶性肿瘤的光谱在若干波段处也有所不同．     

Fluorescence spectral properties of stomach tissues with pathology

Steady-state fluorescence and diffuse reflection spectra are measured for in vivo normal and pathological (chronic atrophic and ulcerating defects, malignant neoplasms) stomach mucous lining tissues. The degree of distortion of the fluorescence spectra is estimated taking light scattering and absorption into account. A combination of Gauss and Lorentz functions is used to decompose the fluorescence spectra. Potential groups of fluorophores are determined and indices are introduced to characterize the dynamics of their contributions to the resultant spectra as pathologies develop. Reabsorption is found to quench the fluorescence of structural proteins by as much as a factor of 3, while scattering of the light can increase the fluorescence intensity of flavin and prophyrin groups by as much as a factor of 2.