Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Spray Processes

Summary: Acoustic levitation was investigated as a model for spray processes. The influence of different parameters on the drying process of aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions was studied and compared to the evaporation of water. The adequacy of acoustic levitation as model for spray processes was demonstrated. Experiments with water and aqueous PVP solutions indicated no dependency of the droplet size on the drying process for droplets with a diameter between 300 µm and 1.5 mm. Particles dried in an acoustic levitator displayed good accordance of morphology with those obtained in a spray tower. Surprisingly the addition of PVP to water resulted in faster evaporation of the solvent. Mathematical models of single droplets within a spray process typically refer to spherically symmetric droplet geometries. The simulation of other morphologies and their evolution throughout the process is still very challenging. A new drying model based on a fully three-dimensional meshfree approach is under development and shows good agreement to basic established models regarding the drying of a single droplet.     

Fabrication of Hollow or Macroporous Silica Particles by Spray Drying of Colloidal Dispersion

In this study, hollow silica particles were fabricated by atomizing the dispersion of silica nanocolloids synthesized by modified Stober method and self-organization of the particles by spray drying technique. Rapid evaporation of the droplet containing the silica nanoparticles resulted in the formation of hollow microparticles at high evaporation temperature due to hydrodynamic instability of the droplet. Similar strategy was adopted for the fabrication of macroporous silica particles by the sol spray drying of the hetero-colloidal dispersion of polystyrene nanospheres and commercial silica nanoparticles. The morphologies of the porous particles were observed by scanning electron microscope with varying drying temperature. As a demonstrative purpose, the results using emulsion droplets as confining geometry was compared with the porous particles obtained from spray dryer. Collectively, spray drying was found to be more efficient manner to prepare the porous materials with continuous way in the view of production efficiency and time.     

外源性加硒法增加枣中硒含量的研究

以不同深度硒溶液对枣树进行不同次数的叶面喷施,得到了不同硒含量的枣样品,用荧光光度法测定了样品中硒的含量。结果表明,与对照组相比,用外源性加硒法可明显提高枣中硒的含量;并且可通过调节喷施液浓度和喷施次数,得到硒含量适宜的成熟小枣。     

Preparation of Doped Ceria Electrolyte Films for SOFCs by Spray Coating Method

Spray coating method is a cost-effective technique suitable for the preparation of uniform and large-area thin films. This article presents findings on the preparation of dense electrolyte thin films by spray coating method. Dense, crack-free Gd-doped CeO₂ (GDC) thin films with a thickness of approximately 2 µm were successfully prepared on porous NiO-GDC substrates. The influence of the dispersion of GDC nanopowders in susupension on the microstructure of the thin films was investigated. Results show that agglomeration of GDC nanopowders in suspension resulted in a porous microstructure and a densely packed microstructure was obtained for the film prepared from a well-dispersed suspension.     

直接进样电喷雾质谱分析烷基苯磺酸盐

采用直接进样法，电喷雾质谱分析三次采油用烷基苯磺酸盐，可以得到定性结果，定出该表面活性剂中各组分的分子式，操作简单易行．     

溶液喷丝法制备组织工程无纺布支架

在高压氮气作用下用溶液喷丝制备了组织工程支架.聚乙二醇/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PEGT/PBT)共聚物的氯仿溶液经高压氮气流喷丝,继而沉积成无纺布.为了提高支架的生物相容性,将透明质酸水溶液喷涂到PEGT/PBT丝表面.结果表明,所制备的支架材料的生物相容性良好,细胞外基质透明酸能显著提高无纺布支架的生物相容性.     

水凝胶涂覆纸喷雾离子化用于生物流体样品直接质谱分析

基于琼脂糖水凝胶涂覆的纸基质,实现了纸喷雾离子化,建立了一种新的纸喷雾离子化质谱技术,直接分析生物流体样品。利用纸表面涂覆的水凝胶材料限制液滴的扩散,使互不相溶的喷雾溶剂液滴与生物样品液滴之间形成液液萃取,提高了检测灵敏度。同时通过限制液滴扩散,减少了喷雾溶剂挥发面积,降低了挥发速度,获得了时间更长的稳定质谱信号,可对生物流体样品中的低丰度药物快速、准确定量。相较于常规纸喷雾离子化,该方法喷雾时间延长近10倍,分析物信号提高近100倍,定量分析全血和尿液中的药物,检出限可降低7～33倍。方法材料制备简单,方便快捷,灵敏度高,在现场临床诊断上具有很大的应用潜力。     

有机模板剂辅助喷雾干燥法制备LiFePO4/C正极材料及其电化学性能研究

分别使用3种有机物辅助模板剂,由喷雾干燥制得LiFePO4/C复合正极材料,X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）表征、考察了不同模板剂对样品的形貌和性能的影响.交流阻抗（EIS）、循环伏安（CV）和恒电流充放电测试电极性能.结果表明：样品的形貌和结构因添加不同的有机模板剂而改变.无模板剂时,得到的样品是光滑实心球;...     

Numerical Investigation of Substrate Melting and Deformation During Thermal Spray Coating by SPH Method

The fluid–solid coupling model is developed to simulate substrate melting and deformation during molten droplet impact. In this model, the liquid and solid parts of splat and substrate are governed by the SPH formulations of the Navier–Stokes equations and the conservation equations of continuum mechanics, respectively. This is the first time that the fluid–solid coupling by the SPH method is applied to simulation of the interaction between droplet and substrate during thermal spray coating. The simulation results on formation of the crater are presented to study the Ni droplet impacting onto the Sn substrate, and Mo droplet impacting onto the Steel, Al, and Brass substrates, respectively. It is found that the initial temperatures and thermal properties of droplet and substrate have great effects on the substrate melting and the morphologies of the splat and the substrate.     

Study of Injection Angle and Carrier Gas Flow Rate Effects on Particles In-Flight Characteristics in Plasma Spray Process: Modeling and Experiments

This paper investigates the influence of particle injection angle on particle in-flight behaviors and characteristics at different primary and carrier gas flow rates through an integrated modeling and experimental approach. Particle in-flight status such as temperature, velocity, size and their distribution are analyzed to examine particle’s melting status before impact. Results from the experiments and numerical simulations both show that, when carrier gas flow rate is fixed, a small injection angle favors the particle melting and flattening. This behavior is independent of primary and secondary gas flow rates, spray distance and carrier gas flow rate. When both carrier gas flow and injection angle vary, a high carrier gas flow rate and a small injection angle are recommended for high particle temperature and velocity.     

Ultra‐Fast Fabrication of Colloidal Photonic Crystals by Spray Coating

An ultra‐fast fabrication of large‐scale colloidal PCs via spray coating was demonstrated. The latex spheres with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell were designed, and the latex shell with abundant COOH groups resulted in strong hydrogen bonding interaction among latex spheres, which boosted latex arrangement during the spray procedure. The resultant samples with area of 7 × 12 cm² were easily fabricated within 1 min on different substrates. This ultra‐fast fabrication procedure would be of great importance for the practical application of PCs for optic devices and functional coatings.

     

喷涂法制备大面积倒置聚合物光伏器件

采用喷涂工艺制备了结构为ITO/ZnO/P3HT∶PCBM/V2O5/Ag(P3HT:聚噻吩;PCBM:6,6-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯)的大面积倒置光伏器件,有效面积为1.0×1.1 cm2。 光谱测试结果表明,退火处理后,P3HT∶PCBM薄膜吸收显著增强,并且产生一定程度的红移。 采用ZnO和V2O5代替LiF和PEDOT∶PSS(聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)∶聚苯乙烯磺酸盐)作为器件修饰层,避免了PEDOT∶PSS对ITO的腐蚀和LiF潮解,采用Ag代替Al作为金属背电极避免了Al被氧化。 经过后退火处理器件的效率从1.1%提升至1.65%。 器件的稳定性相对于传统结构有了大幅提升,8周后器件效率只衰减10%。     

In Situ Separation and Analysis of Lipids by Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Paper spray ionization (PSI) is an extractive ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry (MS), whereby a triangular paper tip serves as the sampling base and the electrospray tip. During PSI, analytes are extracted and transported to the edge of the paper tip by the applied spraying solvent. Analytes can be purified from a sample matrix and separated from each other by this transportation process. In this study, we investigated and utilized the analyte transportation process of PSI for the in situ separation and analysis of lipid mixtures. We found that differential transport of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triacylglycerol (TAG), the two most abundant lipid classes in animals, occurred during PSI. We also found that the order in which these lipids moved strongly depended on how the spraying solvent was applied to the paper base. The more polar PC moved faster than the less polar TAG during PSI, when a polar solvent was slowly fed into a paper tip, whereas TAG was transported faster than PC when excess solvent was applied to the tip at once. In addition, we achieved a complete separation and detection of PC and TAG by slowly supplying a nonpolar solvent to a PSI tip.     

Nano‐Stereocomplexation of Polylactide (PLA) Spheres by Spray Droplet Atomization

A direct, efficient, and scalable method to prepare stereocomplexed polylactide (PLA)‐based nanoparticles (NPs) is achieved. By an appropriate combination of fabrication parameters, NPs with controlled shape and crystalline morphology are obtained and even pure PLA stereocomplexes (PLASC) are successfully prepared using the spray‐drying technology. The formed particles of varying d ‐ and l ‐LA content have an average size of ≈400 nm, where the smallest size is obtained for PLA50, which has an equimolar composition of PLLA and PDLA in solution. Raman spectra of the particles show the typical shifts for PLASC in PLA50, and thermal analysis indicates the presence of pure stereocomplexation, with only one melting peak at 226 °C. Topographic images of the particles exhibit a single phase with different surface roughness in correlation with the thermal analysis. A high yield of spherically shaped particles is obtained. The results clearly provide a proficient method for achieving PLASC NPs that are expected to function as renewable materials in PLA‐based nanocomposites and potentially as more stable drug delivery carriers.

     

Analysis and Simulation of Fiber Dispersion in Water Using a Theoretical Analogous Model

The wet-lay nonwoven processing is divided into fiber dispersing and blending, web formation, drying, and finally, consolidating the formed web. Fiber dispersion is the most crucial step of this process. The required time and necessary agitation to separate and disperse fibers depends on fiber characteristics. In this work, theoretical and experimental studies were done to investigate the effects of fibers characteristics on their dispersion in water for wet-laid nonwoven. Two effective forces of drag and surface tension were modeled using linear spring and damper to analyze the fiber behaviors in a stirred mixing tank. Results show that when the fiber diameter is increased, the required time for breaking up of fiber bundles and clumps is increased. The effect of fiber types on fibers break up and dispersing time were also investigated. In the experimental work, an on-line vision system was developed to observe the dispersion behavior of polyester and glass fibers.     

直喷离子化质谱简单快速鉴别关木通

采用直喷离子化质谱技术,通过对关木通的敞开式质谱轮廓分析,对关木通和其它两种木通(木通、川木通)进行了快速鉴别,建立了关木通中木兰花碱的快速测定方法.结果表明,可以利用标志性成分木兰花碱对马兜铃科关木通进行鉴别;同时,在正离子模式下,以荷叶碱为内标,木兰花碱与内标的信号强度比与木兰花碱标准溶液的浓度,在0.50~20.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9989,检出限为0.1 mg/L. 本方法简单、快速、无需样品前处理,可用于有毒药材关木通的直接、原位、快速分析和鉴定.本研究结果对木通中药材的质量控制具有重要参考价值.     

基于QuEChERS-HPLC法检测油炸食品中丙烯酰胺的含量

建立了基于QuEChERS(quick,easy,cheap,effective,rugged and safe)-HPLC测定油炸食品中丙烯酰胺含量的方法。 该方法的优势在于：改进的QuEChERS前处理方法中没有引入有机溶剂而直接采用纯水消除样品基底的影响。 研究中,使用纯水超声提取丙烯酰胺,丙基乙二胺(PSA)吸附剂分散净化提取液,乙腈和水(体积比1∶99)作为流动相,水系C18色谱柱分离,208 nm紫外波长条件下检测丙烯酰胺的含量。 结果表明,丙烯酰胺在0.020~0.800 μg/g浓度范围内与出峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.9994;检测限为0.005 μg/g;加标回收率为83.96%~89.43%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.13%~5.87%。 该方法具有操作简单、快速、可靠和灵敏度高等特点,成功应用于方便面等油炸食品中丙烯酰胺含量的测定。     

数值模拟法在聚合物流变学教学中应用

聚合物流变学多学科交叉特点致使其教学和科研均落后于高分子科学其它分支的发展。针对流变学教学过程中的诸多抽象概念和理论,将计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟的方法引入到教学中,本文采用Weissenberg效应、二次流、挤出胀大和螺杆共混几个实例说明黏弹与牛顿流体本质差异,并引导学生如何将流变学的原理和方法应用到工程设计实践中,同时借用其工程设计应用功能来讲解经典流变学基本原理和理论。CFD数值模拟方法的引入使课程结构得到优化,教学方法也更为直观生动,提高学生学习的积极性。     

数值模拟在应用电化学课程教学中的应用

针对应用电化学课程理论性强、应用性广的特点,以电镀铜章节的教学为例,讨论了数值模拟方法在应用电化学课程教学中的应用。该方法能够将电化学工程中常用的重力场、流场等与电化学过程相耦合,以有限元方法得到域的解,从而将抽象的方程式直观地用图像、动画等多媒体形式呈现出来,使课堂教学变得生动形象,有利于提高课堂教学效率,激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力。