光致增强TiO2超微粉在水相中的分散作用

通过对典型体系的湿润性、ζ电势、粘度和沉降性等界面特性的表征,系统地研究了有/无紫外光照射下TiO2超微粉在水相中的分散特性,发现紫外光对分散作用有明显的光致增强效应,可以改善TiO2超微粉在水相中的分散性能.机理研究表明,这一作用起源于TiO2光致亲水性增强效应.     

Correlation between Dispersion Stability of Concentrated Ceramic Suspension and Capillary Suction Time

Dispersion stability of highly concentrated ceramic suspensions using different dispersants required for colloidal processing can be assessed by measuring capillary suction time (CST). A systematic evaluation of dispersibility characteristics of colloidal alumina suspension is reported in the presence of three commonly used dispersants, namely, Dispex N 100, Darvan C, and Aluminon by employing the CST technique. The correlation between dispersibility of ceramic suspension and capillary suction time has been established. It has been found that higher the CST value of a suspension, the greater is the stability of the suspension and viceversa. In this investigation, this technique is employed both to choose suitable dispersant and to characterize the suspension. It has been concluded that higher the dispersion ratio (DR) of a suspension above unity the better is the stability and the lower the DR value below unity, the better is the aggregation tendency of the suspension. Quantitative estimation of dispersibility of an aqueous suspension is reported in terms of dispersion ratio. The CST technique has been found to be very useful and suitable for obtaining information for assessing stability of ceramic suspensions and characterizing concentrated ceramic slurry.     

氧化铁在TiO2上的分散状态及其物理化学表征

采用(NH_4)_3[Fe(C_2O_4)_3]·xH_2O稀水溶液含浸,Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O水溶液饱和浸渍以及Fe(AcAc))_3的甲苯溶液热吸附方法制备了在TiO_2(锐钛矿)上分散的氧化铁体系。用多种物理化学手段进行了表征,结果表明由含浸和热吸附法制备的样品中,负载组分FeO_x很容易充分分散或单层分散,这些单层物种很难被XRD,FTIR-DRS或LRS所检测,单层分散的Fe~(3+)处于高自旋态,具有较小的正交畸变配位对称性,但不是孤立四面体的配位结构,没有发现置换Fe~(3+)的存在。实验结果还表明,由XPS的电子结合能数据鉴别Fe~(3+)和TiO_2表面相互作用的强弱是困难的,充分分散的FeO_x表面物种在973K的还原温度下其Fe~(2+)尚不能被进一步还原,在TiO_2(锐钛矿)表面上单层分散的Fe—O多面体仍然是丁烯ODH反应的有效活性位。单层型催化剂的选择性不同于晶相a-Fe_2O_3,且与是否存在气相氧密切相关。     

介孔碳-二氧化钛纳米复合材料的制备及其电化学应用

通过多巴胺的原位聚合,将聚多巴胺(PDA)均匀包裹在钛纳米管(TNTs)表面,再在氮气保护下经过高温灼烧,制备得到介孔碳-二氧化钛(MC-TiO_2)纳米复合材料,进一步采用氢氟酸(HF)对该复合材料进行处理可调控其中二氧化钛的含量。将HF处理前后的复合材料分别制成锂离子电池的负电极。采用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附测试、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等多种测试手段对复合材料进行了表征。研究结果表明:由这两种电极构成的锂电池均有较好的充-放电效率和循环稳定性;未经HF处理的复合材料(MC-TiO_2)作负极的电池的电容量较低(约130 mA·h/g),而经HF处理的复合材料(MC-TiO_2)_a作负电极的电池的电容量有显著提升,首次放电容量达到1 100 mA·h/g,之后的59次循环中放电容量稳定在360mA·h/g。     

氧化铁在ZnO上分散的结构状态及其表征

采用（ＮＨ_４）_３［Ｆｅ（Ｃ_２Ｏ_４）_３］·ｘＨ_２Ｏ的水溶液含浸，Ｆｅ（ＮＯ_３）_３．９Ｈ_２Ｏ水溶液饱和浸渍（含浸）以及Ｆｅ（ＡｃＡｃ）_３的甲苯溶液热吸附三种方法制备了在ＺｎＯ上分散的氧化铁体系。用多种物理化学手段对用不同方法制备的分散体系进行了细致的表征，氧化铁在ＺｎＯ上形成单层分散是困难的。Ｆｅ~（３＋）一般进入到ＺｎＯ载体的表层，结构环境类似于ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４微晶中的Ｆｅ~（３＋），分散的Ｆｅ~（３＋）通常处于高自旋态，配位对称性并不是正交畸变。在ＺｎＯ上形成尖晶石的趋势最强。在亚单层铁含量范围内，通常形成表面ＺｎｘＦｅ_ｙＯ_ｚ。当铁含量超过单层阈值时，既生成ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４簇也有ＦｅＯ_ｘ簇存在。无论是ＦｅＯ_ｘ或ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ４簇还是表面的Ｚｎ_ｘＦｅ_ｙＯｚ，其Ｆｅ_（３＋）在实验温度范围内，很难被还原为零价铁，ＦｅＯ_ｘ较之Ｚｎ_ｘＦｅ_ｙＯ_ｚ物种难以还原且比体相ａ－Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３中Ｆｅ~（３＋）要难还原得多。由热吸附法制得的ＦｅＯ_ｘ和ＺｎＦｅ_２Ｏ_４簇具有很低的催化活性，而由含浸法制得的表面Ｚｎ_ｘＦｅ_ｙＯｚ的反应性能有明显的改善。ＺｎＯ载体上不同含铁物种的反应性由Ｆｅ~（３＋）的还原性及是否存在活泼     

纳米氧化镍的制备及其电容特性研究

Nano-nickel oxide was synthesized by chemical deposition of nano-nickel hydroxide followed by heat-treatment in air at 300 ℃. The structure of the sample was studied by XRD, TEM, etc. The electrochemical characteristics of the sample were studied by Cyclic Voltammetry and constant current charge/discharge. The results showed that the structure of nickel oxide was cubic and the shape was acicular. The specific capacitance of the nickel oxide was about 130 F·g^-1 in the 9.0 mol·L^-1 KOH solution. The effects of scan speed, heating temperature and cycling on the specific capacitance were discussed.     

氮掺杂TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及其可见光光电催化活性研究

联用电化学阳极氧化和湿化学法制备氮掺杂的TiO2纳米管阵列膜.应用SEM、XPS、DRS分析、表征,并研究该膜层的形貌、组成和光学性质以及在卤钨灯照射下降解甲基橙水溶液的光电催化活性.结果表明:氮以取代掺杂的形式进入TiO2晶格,掺氮的TiO2纳米管阵列在可见光区有较强的吸收,其光电催化性能优于纯的TiO2纳米管阵列膜.     

Dispersion state and catalytic properties of vanadia species on the surface of V_2O_5/TiO_2 catalysts

The dispersion state and catalytic properties of anatase-supported vanadia species are studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and the selective oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride. The almost identical values of the experimental dispersion capacity of V2O5 on anatase and the surface vacant sites available on the preferentially exposed (001) plane of anatase suggest that the highly dispersed vanadium cations are bonded to the vacant sites on the surface of anatase as derived by the incorporation model. When the loading amount of V2O5 is far below its dispersion capacity, the dispersed vanadia species might mainly consist of isolated VOx species bridging to the surface through V-O-Ti bonds. With the increase of V2O5 loading the isolated vanadia species interact with their nearest neighbors (either isolated or polymerized vanadia) through bridging V-O-V at the expenses of V-O-Ti bonds, resulting in the increase of the ra     

MoO＿3／（TiO＿2－SiO＿2）催化剂的表面分散状态及催化性能的研究

用气相流动吸附法（ｇｒａｆｔｉｎｇ）制备复合载体，用浸渍法（ｉｍｐｒｅｇｎａｔｉｏｎ）制备ＭｏＯ３／（ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２）催化剂．应用ＬＲＳ和ＴＰＲ技术研究ＭｏＯ３在复合载体ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２表面的分散状态，发现ＴｉＯ２在ＳｉＯ２表面的分散可增强ＭｏＯ３与载体之间的相互作用，提高ＭｏＯ３在载体表面的分散阈值．催化剂的活性评价在固定床中压反应装置中进行，以６９％（ｗｔ）环己烷、２０％（ｗｔ）的环己烯、１０％（ｗｔ）的苯、１％（ｗｔ）的噻吩混合液为反应液，以噻吩、环己烯和苯的转化率作为催化剂的ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ、ＢＨＤ活性指标．结果表明，经ＴｉＯ２调变后，其ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ、ＢＨＤ活性都较原来高，对于不同ＭｏＯ３含量的ＭｏＯ３／（ＴｉＯ２－ＳｉＯ２），ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ催化性能测试发现，当ＭｏＯ３含量低于分散阈值时，其ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ活性随ＭｏＯ３含量线性上升，但在高于分散阈值后，几乎保持不变．该催化剂对苯几乎没有加氢活性，显示出很高的环己烯加氢选择性．通过分散阈值与其ＨＤＳ、ＨＹＤ活性的关系可知，分散阈值可作为优化加氢精制催化剂配比的一个重要参数，具有较强的实际意义     

Dispersion and Structure Studies of Molybdenum Oxide on Anatase TiO2

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were used to characterize the structure of the mixture of molybdenum oxide and anatase calcined at 723 K. The resuits indicate that molybdenum oxide can disperse onto the surface of anatase (TiO2) and the dispersion threshold is 11.2 mg in per gram of MoO3 or 4.8 Mo atoms/nm^2 TiO2. When the coment of MoO3 is below the dispersion threshold, MoO3 species is in highly dispersed state interacting strongly with TiO2 support and in discrete tetrahedral coordination. [MoO4], on the surface of TiO2. When the MoO3 loading is above this value, MoO3 exists in both dispersed phase and crystalline phase. MoO3 in dispersed phase is still a discrete [MoO4] tetrahedron; MoO3 in crystal phase is in octahedral coordination.     

分散聚合技术及其研究进展

介绍了分散聚合体系中各组分及反应条件对反应过程和最终产物性能的影响,简要归纳了分散聚合成核机理、稳定机理及其反应动力学,并着重阐述了近年来分散聚合发展的新技术以及制备的功能微球在各领域的应用等方面的研究进展.分散聚合与其它非均相聚合方法相比,是制备粒径范围在1-10μm且单分散性较好的聚合物微球的有效方法.最近,许多新思路不断引入分散聚合体系,如采用水和超临界CO2作为分散介质,尝试微波和辐射引发聚合以及按照活性聚合机理进行反应等.     

TiO2－SnO2复合纳米膜的制备及其光催化降解甲苯的活性

 采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了nano－TiO2－SnO2复合溶胶，经一次镀膜就能在玻璃上得到没有缺陷、结构紧密均匀的nano－TiO2－SnO2复合膜．通过扫描电镜观察到复合膜颗粒为球形，比纯TiO2膜的颗粒小，平均粒径为15nm，且粒径分布非常均匀．以空气中的有机挥发物甲苯模拟污染物，测定了nano－TiO2－SnO2复合膜的光催化降解性能．结果表明，n（SnO2）／n（TiO2）＝0．05的nano－TiO2－SnO2复合膜催化剂具有最高的光催化活性，且比纯TiO2膜的活性高；甲苯初始浓度为920mg／m3时，反应5h甲苯完全降解．XRD分析表明，此复合物具有锐钛矿和金红石两种TiO2晶相，没有检测到SnO2的特征峰．     

Nb2O5/TiO2催化剂表面铌氧物种的分散状态和催化性能

用X射线粉末衍射(XRO)、拉曼光谱(LRS)、Hammett指示剂和微反测试等方法考察了负载型Nb2O5/TiO2催化剂表面铌氧(NbOx)物种的分散状态、表面酸性和催化异丁烯(IB)与异丁醛(IBA)缩合生成2，5-二甲基．2，4．己二烯(DMHD)反应的催化性能．实验测得Nb2O5在TiO2表面的分散容量为0．94mmol／100m^2TiO2，与“嵌入模型”理论计算值相近．当负载量低于分散容量的1／3时，Nb2O5主要以孤立的NbOx物种通过Nb—O—Ti链与载体表面相连，这种孤立的NbOx物种酸性很弱，催化活性很低．随负载量的增加，孤立的NbOx物种通过Nb—O—Nb键连接聚合，表面酸性增强，IB与IBA缩合生成DMHD的转化数(TON)增加．当Nb2O5负载量超过分散容量时，表面NbOx物种主要是通过Nb—O—Nb化学键相连形成多层的Nb2O5虽然催化剂的强酸中心数量有所增加，但NbOx物种表面利用率下降，催化活性增加幅度趋缓．     

SiO2粉末在非水高浓度聚合物溶液中的分散

ＳｉＯ_２粉末在非水高浓度聚合物溶液中的分散陈立富（厦门大学化学系,厦门,３６１００５）关键词ＳｉＯ_２,氢键,分散剂无机粉末（如碳,ＳｉＯ２等）与高分子聚合物组成的复合材料可优化高聚物的导电性能、机械性能及化学稳定性等。一般来说,只有当非常细小的粉末...     

纳米TiO2电极在不同介质中的电化学行为

纳米电极;电催化;纳米TiO2电极在不同介质中的电化学行为;循环伏安法;循环方波伏安法     

An IR Study of the Dispersion Stability of Catalyst Powders Dispersed in Solutions of Linear Saturated Polyesters

The conformation of polymers at the solid-liquid interface has been the subject of considerable interest in the fundamental theory and applied practice. In paints and printing inks, dispersions of pigment or filler powders in polymeric binder solutions have to be maintained in the colloidal state. One of the stabilizing mechanisms for paint is the steric stabilization. On the other hand, in the formation reaction of polymer at the solid-liquid interface took place between monomer solutions and solid     

Dispersion analysis of triclinic K2Cr2O7

Polarized IR-reflection spectra of a single crystal of K₂Cr₂O₇ were recorded at near normal incidence. Dispersion analysis was applied, taking fully into account the triclinic symmetry of the crystal and the measuring conditions, to determine the oscillator parameters. The oscillator parameters and the dielectric background tensor were proven valid by comparison between measured and based on these parameters modeled spectra of a randomly oriented polycrystalline sample.     

Dispersion Stability of Fluorinated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in FC-27 Refrigerant

In order to achieve the dispersion stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a fluorinated refrigerant (FC-72) used in various cooling purposes, fluorinated MWCNT (MWCNT-F) was prepared by a combined process of oxidation and fluorination. As a fluorine source, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane was used to react with hydroxyl groups on MWCNT (MWCNT-OH) generated by chemical oxidation. Pristine MWCNT, MWCNT-OH, and MWCNT-F were dispersed in FC-72 and MWCNT-F was also dispersed in polar and nonpolar solvents. The MWCNT-F has excellent colloidal stability in FC-72 because of the chemical affinity between FC-72 and functional groups (-CF_n) on the side walls of MWCNT. Through surface modifications, we could obtain the enhanced dispersion stability of MWCNT in a refrigerant. This homogenous MWCNT solution in FC-72 may be used to increase the heat transfer in FC-72 based nanofluids.     

TiO2纳米管阵列的制备、改性及其应用研究进展

新型纳米材料TiO₂纳米管阵列具有独特的、高度有序的阵列结构和良好的力学性能、化学稳定性以及抗腐蚀性能。该材料以纯金属钛为基体，在含有少量氟离子的电解质溶液中通过电化学阳极氧化法制得。本文综述了近年来TiO₂纳米管阵列在不同电解液体系中的制备工艺、形成机理、修饰改性及其在光催化降解污染物、太阳能电池、气敏传感材料、光解水制氢等领域应用的最新研究成果，并指出目前存在的问题，对今后的研究提出了展望。