Dispersion Stability of Fluorinated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in FC-27 Refrigerant

In order to achieve the dispersion stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a fluorinated refrigerant (FC-72) used in various cooling purposes, fluorinated MWCNT (MWCNT-F) was prepared by a combined process of oxidation and fluorination. As a fluorine source, (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl)trichlorosilane was used to react with hydroxyl groups on MWCNT (MWCNT-OH) generated by chemical oxidation. Pristine MWCNT, MWCNT-OH, and MWCNT-F were dispersed in FC-72 and MWCNT-F was also dispersed in polar and nonpolar solvents. The MWCNT-F has excellent colloidal stability in FC-72 because of the chemical affinity between FC-72 and functional groups (-CF_n) on the side walls of MWCNT. Through surface modifications, we could obtain the enhanced dispersion stability of MWCNT in a refrigerant. This homogenous MWCNT solution in FC-72 may be used to increase the heat transfer in FC-72 based nanofluids.     

Nylon 610/functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube composite prepared from in‐situ interfacial polymerization

Pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (P‐MWNTs) were functionalized with 4‐chlorobenzoic acid via “direct” Friedel‐Crafts acylation in polyphosphoric acid (PPA)/phosphorous pentoxide (P₂O₅) medium. The resultant 4‐chlorobenzoyl‐functionalized MWNTs (F‐MWNTs) were soluble in chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. A large scale of nylon 610/F‐MWNT composite could be conveniently prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization of 1, 6‐hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) in an aqueous phase, and sebacoyl chloride with F‐MWNTs in an organic phase. Similarly, nylon 610/P‐MWNT composite was also prepared for comparison. The state of F‐MWNTs dispersion in nylon 610 matrix was distinctively better than that of P‐MWNTs, which could be clearly discerned by both naked eye and scanning electron microcopy (SEM). As a result, the tensile strength of nylon 610/F‐MWNT composite was 4.9‐fold higher than that of nylon 610/P‐MWNT composite. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6041–6050, 2008     

碳纳米管改性环氧树脂的导热和阻燃性能

以双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)环氧树脂(Epoxy Resin,EP)为基体、甲基六氢苯酐(MHHPA)为固化剂、以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为添加剂制备了环氧树脂/碳纳米管纳米复合材料。通过对微观结构、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、热失重、热导率和锥形量热测试结果分析,研究了质量分数少于1.5%的MWCNTs对环氧树脂的导热和阻燃性能影响,结果表明,MWCNTs质量分数为1.5%时,复合材料发生团聚;纳米复合材料随着MWCNTs质量分数的增加Tg值先增加后降低;失重5%时,对应的温度先增加后降低,残炭量增加;样品的热导率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当MWCNTs质量分数为1%时,复合材料的热导率最大;MWCNTs加入后环氧树脂的总释热量减少,释烟量增加,阻燃性得到一定程度的提高。     

PMMA/定向碳纳米管复合材料导电与导热性能的研究

Methyl Methacrylate(MMA) has been filled in the apertures of aligned carbon nanotubes(ACNTs). Then PMMA/ACNTs composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The SEM results show that carbon nanotubes are well dispersed and directionally arranged in the composites. The electrical conductivities of the parallel direction (parallel with ACNTs) and perpendicular direction (perpendicular with ACNTs) of composites were respectively tested to be 15 S·cm^-1 and 4 S·cm^-1, so the composites were conductivity anisotropic. Compared with PMMA, the thermal stable temperature of composites in air was improved by 100 ℃,and the thermal conductivity of composites was 13.64 times of PMMA.     

磁性离子液体中聚乙撑二氧噻吩/多壁碳纳米管纳米复合材料的球磨法制备及表征

以磁性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氯化铁盐([bmim]FeCl₄)为介质, 将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)机械球磨分散在其中形成[bmim]FeCl₄/MWCNTs凝胶后, 加入乙撑二氧噻吩(EDOT)单体, 利用阴离子 的氧化性进行原位聚合, 球磨法制备了均匀包覆不同含量MWCNTs的聚乙撑二氧噻吩/多壁碳纳米管(PEDOT/MWCNTs)纳米复合材料. 并以傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对PEDOT/MWCNTs的结构与形貌进行了表征|在0.5 mol/L硫酸溶液中, 用循环伏安测试(CV)研究了PEDOT/MWCNTs的电化学行为|采用四探针仪测定了PEDOT/MWCNTs的电导率|热重分析(TGA)研究了PEDOT/MWCNTs的热稳定性. 结果表明, PEDOT 纳米颗粒均匀包覆于MWCNTs表面, 形成了核壳结构|PEDOT与MWCNTs之间的共轭作用随着MWCNTs含量的增加而增强. MWCNTs的质量分数为30%的PEDOT/MWCNTs的电导率出现峰值, 达到7.46 S/cm, 且电化学活性最好. MWCNTs的质量分数为10%时, PEDOT/MWCNTs的热稳定性相对于PEDOT显著提高.     

水热条件下碳纳米管/硫氧镁化合物纳米复合材料的制备和表征

碳纳米管(CNT)因其完美的结构,优良的力学性能以及低的密度[1~3]而将会成为一种新型的结构复合材料增强剂。可是,研究发现,碳纳米管几乎不溶于所有的溶剂,而且,在结构复合材料中,碳纳米管与基体没有很好的连接性[4]。这些都很大的阻碍了碳纳米管在结构复合材料中的应用。为了解     

Synergistic Enhancement on the Conductivity of Polyaniline via Copolymerization and Carbon Nanotubes

Polyaniline and aniline/5‐aminoisophthalic acid (AIA) copolymer have been successfully synthesized via oxidation polymerization, as well as their composites containing carbon nanotubes. AIA can benefit the formation of quinoid rings in the aniline polymerization and promote the conductivity of the copolymer. IR and Raman spectra reveal AIA/aniline copolymers have both benzonoid and quinoid rings, as well as their doped structures. Good conductivity of the copolymer could be achieved at high AIA content. Carbon nanotubes can also simultaneously promote the formation of quinoid rings in the copolymer, enhance conductivity and improve thermal stability. The copolymerization of AIA with aniline and the introduction of carbon nanotubes show a synergistic enhancement of conductivity.     

碳纳米管的氧化稳定性及反应动力学

碳纳米管自被发现以来 [1] ,已分别通过 HRTEM[1]、Raman[2 ,3]、ED[4 ]、STM和 STS[5]等对其结构、形态、层间距、直径分布、螺旋度、管壁及顶端的电子结构等物理性质进行了详细研究和表征。而碳纳米管在空气中的抗氧化性能的研究虽有文献报道 ,但关于纳米碳管氧化反应动力学的报道则相对较少[6～ 9] 。由于作为催化剂载体是碳纳米管在化学领域最具潜在的应用之一 ,因此 ,研究碳纳米管在空气中的抗氧化性及氧化反应动力学是一项很有意义的工作。本文利用 TG-DTA方法研究了碳纳米管在空气中的抗氧化性 ,同时与 C6 0 和石墨的实验结…     

超声分散对单壁碳纳米管分离的影响

利用凝胶柱色谱技术, 研究者们通过两步或多步淋洗的方法实现了不同导电属性或电子结构单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的分离, 并提出其分离机制主要是由不同导电属性和电子结构的SWCNTs 与凝胶填料之间作用力的差异所导致的. 基于凝胶柱色谱分离技术, 本文重点考察了超声时间对单壁碳纳米管单分散以及金属型/半导体型SWCNTs 分离的影响. 在一定的低超声功率下, 适当增加超声时间有利于SWCNTs 在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)溶液中的单分散. 紫外-可见-近红外(UV-Vis-NIR)吸收光谱、拉曼(Raman)光谱和荧光(PL)光谱表征结果表明, 2 h的超声条件是获得高纯度的金属型以及不同直径分布的半导体型SWCNTs 的最优条件. 我们认为不同超声时间对SWCNTs 分离的影响主要是改变了SWCNTs 的单分散性和长度, 调制了不同SWCNTs 与凝胶之间作用力的差异, 从而导致了不同SWCNTs分离结果.     

扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管的结构和稳定性

用AM1和PM3两种方法对相同长度不同直径以及相同直径不同长度的扶手椅型单壁碳纳米管进行了优化, 并对AM1方法优化所得到的碳纳米管的几何结构进行了振动频率分析和p轨道轴矢量(POAV)分析, 发现了其热力学稳定性随碳纳米管直径和长度的变化规律, 讨论了各碳纳米管的张力、碳原子的杂化状态和共轭程度随碳纳米管直径的变化关系, 并与苯和C60做了比较。     

多壁碳纳米管与溴的相互作用及导电机理

通过溴蒸气的吸附, 提高多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)的本征导电性能, 加溴多壁碳纳米管的电导率提高了3倍. X光电子能谱、近红外光谱、紫外光谱、拉曼光谱表明多壁碳纳米管与溴之间存在共轭作用, 这种作用导致多壁碳纳米管上的π电子向溴偏移, 产生空穴载流子. 利用半导体能带图, 提出加溴多壁碳纳米管微观体系模型来研究溴对多壁碳纳米管的作用及导电机理.     

两亲分子对碳纳米管的分散稳定作用

综述了近年来国内外对碳纳米管在两亲分子水溶液中的分散作用研究, 从表面活性剂、聚合物和生物大分子三方面, 分别阐述了用非成键法对碳纳米管进行分散的不同机理. 离子型表面活性剂或聚电解质主要靠亲水基团之间的静电斥力阻止碳纳米管之间的聚集, 而非离子型表面活性剂或大分子则主要靠亲水基团所产生的空间位阻使分散体系保持稳定.     

基于碳纳米管－聚苯胺纳米复合物的超级电容器研究

为了提高碳纳米管的比容, 采用化学原位聚合的方法在碳纳米管的表面包覆聚苯胺, 制备碳纳米管-聚苯胺纳米复合物. 运用TEM和IR对样品进行了表征. 通过循环伏安研究样品的电化学特性. 利用恒流充放电考察基于碳纳米管-聚苯胺复合物超级电容器的性能. 在相同实验条件下, 对碳纳米管进行了比较分析. 实验结果表明, 在电流密度为10 mA/cm²时, 碳纳米管和碳纳米管-聚苯胺复合物的比容分别为52和201 F/g. 基于碳纳米管-聚苯胺纳米复合物的超级电容器的能量密度达到6.97 Wh/kg, 并且具有良好的功率特性.     

Nickel oxide Nanoparticles/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite for Non-enzymatic Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide

In this work, nickel oxide nanoparticles-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared and used for H2O2 sensing application. Firstly, ex situ NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and further used to decorate polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified carboxylated CNTs. The obtained nanocomposite and its precursors were identified by using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy and SEM and TEM images, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and electrochemical techniques. The sensing properties of the NiO-modified nanocomposite toward H2O2 were studied by electrochemical techniques using glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) as support material. After optimizing the sensor construction, the sensor sensitivity was about of 0.83±0.01 A M⁻¹ cm⁻² with a LOD of about 1.0 μM. In addition, it showed excellent anti-interference properties, reproducibility, and stability (over 4 months). Finally, such sensors were coupled to a flow injection device and the H2O2 concentration of some commercial antiseptic solutions were successfully obtained (with recovery ratios between 96.3–102.4 %).     

Nylon Based Nanocomposites: Influence of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles on the Thermal Stability

In this paper thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of nylon 6 based nanocomposites containing up to 5% by weight of fatty acid coated calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles is studied. Thermal stability of compression-moulded samples was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) under air and nitrogen atmosphere. Kinetic analysis of TG data was performed by using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. Results show that the presence of coated nanoparticles adversely affects the thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of nylon 6. Kinetic analysis shows that a complex, multi-step decomposition process occurs. Moreover, the presence of nanoparticles do not affect the rate limiting step of nylon 6 decomposition in air, while under nitrogen atmosphere the decomposition process occurs through a diffusion-driven regime in presence of high amounts of CaCO₃.     

Morphology and Electrical Conductivity of Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole)/Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Synthesized by Solid State Polymerization

This communication describes the morphology and DC conductivity of poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PNVC)/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite. The nanocomposite has been synthesized by solid state in situ polymerization of N‐vinylcarbazole (NVC) monomer in the presence of MWCNTs at an elevated temperature. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy studies reveal the ability of MWCNTs to promote the in situ polymerization of the NVC monomer. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) observations show the homogeneous wrapping of MWCNTs' outer surface by PNVC polymer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and Raman spectroscopy results support the SEM observations. Thermogravimetric analyses reveal a significant improvement of thermal stability of the nanocomposite sample in the higher temperature region. The resulting nanocomposite material exhibits a dramatic improvement of the DC conductivity inherent to the PNVC. For example, the DC conductivity increases from ≈5.9 × 10⁻¹³ S · cm⁻¹ for PNVC to ≈12 S · cm⁻¹ for the nanocomposite, an increase of about 10¹³ in the electrical conductivity.

     

Dispersion Properties of Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites can be prepared by post-growth alignment or through the use of CNT bundles. Post-growth alignment requires stringent processing conditions (high-voltage electric field/high-strength magnetic field). In this study, we focused on well-aligned multi-walled CNT bundles (AMWNTs). Achieving a balance between dispersion and required orientation was the main aim of this study. Ultrasonic dispersion will inevitably produce heat, which will adversely affect dispersion. Hence, we developed and attached a temperature-control system to a water bath ultrasonic dispersion device. Further, we studied effects of additional factors such as the type and amount of surfactant on dispersion.     

不同分子量木质素磺酸钠对多壁碳纳米管分散性能的影响

研究了不同分子量级分的木质素磺酸钠(SLS)在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)上的吸附特征及其对分散性能的影响.不同级分的SLS及其对MWCNTs的分散性能通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC),紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、元素分析、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、zeta电位、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)来表征.结果表明,分子量较大的SLS级分中芳香环含量较高,其与MWCNTs之间的π-π作用更强,在MWCNTs上的吸附量大,表现出最佳的分散性能,所分散的MWCNTs的电阻率最小,导电性能较佳.     

非离子表面活性剂对多壁碳纳米管在乙醇中高浓度分散的作用

如果能在无需聚合物或共价官能团辅助的条件下, 将多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)高浓度地分散在乙醇中, 那么向各种复合材料引入MWNTs的过程就会更加便捷. 为此, 制备了多种含有表面活性剂的多壁碳纳米管乙醇悬浮液并对比考查了它们的稳定性. 非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100 和Tween 65显示出了在乙醇中分散悬浮高浓度MWNTs的能力, 能够使1.0 g·L-1 MWNTs乙醇悬浮液的上层清液经240 h后浓度仍分别在0.50和0.35 g·L-1以上. 这样长时间稳定的、没有聚合物或共价官能团辅助的MWNTs乙醇悬浮液, 其浓度比文献报道的值高. 进一步探讨了这些非离子表面活性剂分子结构对于分散MWNTs的优势, 并直观给出了其吸附于碳纳米管表面的可能形式. X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜的表征结果都证实了表面活性剂分子吸附于碳纳米管表面.     

碳纳米管的羟甲基化及其马来酸酐接枝研究

利用甲醛的亲电性能, 对化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行羟甲基化, 并在此基础上酯化接枝马来酸酐, 运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱和Zeta电位仪表征了改性后的MWCNTs的表面结构. TEM结果显示, 酯化后的MWCNTs明显增粗, 说明表面已附有物质. 红外结果表明, 羟甲基后的MWCNTs的表面有了羟基和亚甲基, 而马来酸酐酯化接枝后的MWCNTs有亚甲基和酯基官能团. 光学图像分析表明, 经甲醛处理后的MWCNTs在水溶液中的分散性明显提高, 而马来酸酐酯化接枝后的MWCNTs在二甲苯中的分散性明显增强. Zeta电位的测试结果表明, 甲醛处理过的MWCNTs颗粒在水中, 负电荷增多, 增强了其在悬浮液在溶液中的稳定性.