木素磺酸盐用作表面活性剂驱油牺牲剂的研究

表面活性剂驱油是提高石油采收率最具潜力的技术之一。该技术成本昂贵的主要原因是地层岩石对表面活性剂的吸附而造成损失。使用牺牲剂来减少表面活性剂的吸附损失已有报道。本文研究了价格低廉的木素磺酸盐(LS)作为表面活性剂驱油牺牲剂的可行性。在同玉门油田表面活性剂体系配伍时,研究了改性 LS 的吸附特性,抗吸附损失作用及其对表面活性剂体系相行为的影响。结果表明,改性 LS 的吸附符合 Langmuir 方程;使用改性 LS 的水溶液对地层岩石进行预冲洗,可显著地减少表面活性剂的吸附损失(减少量>60%)。因为改性 LS 与阴离子表面活性剂有较好的协同作用,并可以提高其耐盐性。因此,改性 LS 作为表面活性剂驱油时的牺牲剂具有广阔的前景。     

FATTY ACID ANALYSIS AS A FUNCTION OF PHOTO-OXIDATION IN EGG YOLK LECITHIN VESICLES

Abstract— The photo-oxidation by O₂(¹Δ_g) of individual lipid components in egg yolk lecithin is examined as a function of time. The rate of oxidation is correlated with the degree of unsaturation in the fatty-acid chains.     

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACTANT ENHANCED MIXED SOLVENT SYSTEMS

The object of this research is to discover substitutes for halogenated solvents In detergent formulations. Recent work in our Laboratories indicates that the study of surfactant enhanced solvent blends may be very rewarding in this regard. In particular, N.N-dialkylamides and N-alkylpyrrolidinones, although they are not as effective as chlorinated solvents, can be more easily blended with water and common surfactants to produce very effective solvent and reaction systems for toxic oils and inorganics. These solvents are biodegradable and not extremely toxic. We have initiated a study of the appropriate physical properties of these blends in order to determine their efficacy as media for the dissolution and degradation of model compounds.     

表面活性剂改性的铝交联累托土的表征及催化性能

用ＸＲＤ，低温Ｎ２吸附／脱附，骨架振动红外光谱等手段对以聚乙烯醇为支撑前体合成的一类新型的表面活性剂改性的铝交联累托土进行了表征，同时对它们进行了柴油催化转化为汽油的微反活性测试，结果表明其热稳定性与催化活性比以传统制备方法合成的铝交联累托土都有明显提高。     

甲基橙为光谱探针研究聚电解质与表面活性剂相互作用

聚电解质与两亲分子间相互作用近年备受关注^[1,2].其原因之一是这种作用与作为形成生物膜基础的类脂间的相互作用极其相似,并可看作细胞中蛋白质-核酸相互作用的一种模式^[3].对众多水溶性高分子尤其是聚电解质与表面活性剂间相互作用研究表明,这种作用不仅有重要的学术意义,而且在实际应用方面也非常重要,如应用于泥浆凝聚,油井采油以及膜分离技术^[4]等.     

表面活性剂增敏-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定板蓝根中微量锂

提出了表面活性剂增敏-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量锂。当表面活性剂OP存在时,锂的灵敏度提高35%,以氯化钾、硝酸作消电离剂、释放剂可消除基体物质的干扰,方法的线性范围为0.0~3.3 mg.L-1,特征灵敏度为0.028 mg.L-1/1%。用于中药板蓝根中微量锂的测定。     

新型电致发光材料1,5-萘二胺衍生物的合成和性质研究

合成了一种新型的有机电致发光材料:N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-二(1-萘基)-1,5-萘二胺(NPN),测定了其吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱.该材料具有很好的热稳定性,DSC测定其玻璃化温度(T_g)高达127℃,循环伏安法(CV)测定其电离势(I_p)为5.30eV,可望用作有机电致发光空穴传输或蓝色发光材料.     

COMPARISON OF THE SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF 4'-AMINO PHENYLALANINE AS AN UNPROTECTED AMINO ACID AND AS A RESIDUE IN PEPTIDES

Abstract— Ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectra of 4'-amino phenylalanine (Aphe) and of some peptides and esters containing Aphe, are characterized. Based on these results, the applicability of Aphe for fluorescence structural investigations of peptides is evaluated. The use of Aphe as an acceptor in fluorescence energy transfer measurements offers the possibility of facilitating the determination of donor fluorescence quantum yield (φ_D) in the absence of energy transfer which usually turns out to be difficult in systems containing donor and acceptor moities. The Aphe residue in peptides also allows a better insight into intramolecular interactions.     

SODIUM MONO-OCTYLPHDSPHINATES,SYNTHESIS, PURIFICATION AND SURFACTANT PROPERTIES

Sodium hypophosphite can be added to terminal hydrocarbon double bonds under specific conditions, according to a Free radical mechanism. The direct reaction using sodium hypophosphite produces sodium monaoctylphosphinate as the main reaction product, and the amount of dimer compound obtained is almost unsignificant. The reaction has been applied using 1-octene and, after purification of the monomer and dimer as acid compounds, the reaction yields have been determined. Surfactant properties, such as surface tension, wetting power and foaming power of the pure sodium monocctylphosphinate have bean measured.     

PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF THERMOSETTING ACRYLIC COATINGS USING TITANIUM-OXO-CLUSTER AS A CURING AGENT

Thermosetting acrylic coatings were prepared by using carboxyl acid group-containing acrylic oligomer and curing with titanium-oxo-clusters which were first pre-hydrolyzed from titanium n-butoxide.The curing ability of the titanium-oxo-cluster was examined using a microdielectric analytical(DEA)curing monitor,Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and Soxhlet extraction experiments,and the properties of the resulted coatings were investigated with pendulum hardness tester,dynamic mechanical anal...     

罗丹明-B及其烷基衍生物在表面活性剂溶液中探针功能的研究

近十年来,人们除对高度有序的分子晶体进行持续的深入研究外,对另一类有组织的分子集合体的研究也得到了蓬勃发展,特别是利用各种荧光化合物作为探针来研究微组织集合体(micro-organized assembly)的各种特性,更引起人们的光趣。用作荧光探针的化合物有一系列不同的类型,分别适用于不同的研究目的。某些对环境极性、粘度变化非常敏感的分子内电荷转移化合物探针的研究报道较多,对另一类探针化合物,其分子单体与聚集体有不同荧光特征,环境改变能影响探针分子单体与聚集体形成的条件,因此就可通过体系发光特性的变化来推断体系环境的改变,但对这类探针化合物的研究报道不多。已知罗丹明类染料的单体分子与其聚集体的发光行为有较大差别,将亲水性罗丹明化合物联以脂肪长链使之成为具有两亲性质的探针化合物已引起人们的注意,并在某些方面如研究细胞融合过程等取得了成功的应用,然而这类化合物某些基本物化性质的研究尚不够充分。本工作是在这样的背景下对几种带不同脂肪链的罗丹明化合物用作探针时的发光行为进行了比较研究。     

紫外线光照产物——胸腺嘧啶二聚体物理化学性质的研究

本文分离和鉴定了紫外线光照胸腺嘧啶冰冻水溶液时迅速形成的低吸收的胸腺嘧啶二聚体,研究了和光化学与光生物学有关的胸腺嘧啶二聚体的一些性质。除了它的酸和热稳定性之外,实验表明,胸腺嘧啶二聚体的化学稳定性受加入的金属离子Ag⁺、Fe⁺⁺、Cu⁺⁺和EB染料的影响;而且胸腺嘧啶二聚体和胸腺嘧啶之间的相互转换依赖于金属离子的种类和浓度。     

卵磷脂抗石英毒作用的研究

本文采用家兔肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)体外培养法,以细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca~(2+)]_i)、细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性为指标,观察了卵磷脂、脑磷脂及现用防治硅肺药物克矽平(PVPNO)、柠檬酸铝等抗石英毒效果。结果表明:卵磷脂在所试各药物中效果最佳.初步探讨了卵磷脂拮抗石英细胞毒性的机理.卵磷脂有成为防治硅肺药物的可能性.     

ON THE ADSORPTION OF HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS ON SURFACTANT/CLAY COMPLEXES: COMPARISON OF THE INFLUENCE OF A CATIONIC AND A NONIONIC SURFACTANT

The adsorption of the cationic surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) and of the nonionic surfactant dodecyl octaethylene glycol ether (C₁₂E₈) on four different layer silicates and their influence on the sorption processes of the fungizide biphenyl were studied. Unexpectedly, no great differences were found in comparing the adsorption of the two surfactants on the basis of physicochemical investigations, although the adsorption mechanism up to monolayer formation is fundamentally different (ion exchange and physisorption). Thus, the plateau values of the adsorption isotherms and the molar enthalpies of displacement Δ ₂₁h are of the same order of magnitude for both surfactants and the same basal spacing by intercalation is observed in the case of swelling clays. The isotherms of the hydrophobic contaminant biphenyl are of the linear Cl-type at all layer silicates and very low adsorption takes place approximately proportionally to the BET (N₂) surface area. If the surface is weakly hydrophobized by surfactants (c_surfactant<< critical;micelle concentration (CMC)), biphenyl adsorption is clearly increased. These processes can be adequately described using the distribution coefficients K and K_OC (Henry coefficient related to the organic carbon content). K_OC is hardly influenced by the type of layer silicate for DTA⁺-layer silicates, whereas the C₁₂E₈ layer silicate complexes generally show higher, but also different K_OC values. If the surfactant concentrations are above the CMC, solubilization and adsorption compete for the pollutant molecules, which leads to a significant decrease in biphenyl adsorption.     

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SURFACTANT A QUICK AND PRECISE METHOD

The characterization of a surfactant through the HLB method is widely used; however it has several shortcomings. The experimental method based on the stability maximum is often inaccurate and tedious. Furthermore, the method does not take into account the effects of electrolytes, alcohols and temperature

The new method of characterization is based on the attainment of optimum formulation for three-phase behavior and minimum interfacial tension, and the use of linear mixing rules. The experiments are readily carried out, and yield an accuracy equivalent to 0·1 HLB unit

The characterization can be performed with one or two base surfactants, and the resulting surfactant parameter, which may be expressed as HLB, is independent of the other conditions, i.e., oil type, alcohol type and concentration, electrolyte type and concentration, and temperature. The method is related to the PIT and EACN_min concepts.     

聚(烯烃砜)作为抗蚀剂和记录材料的应用性能研究

本文报道了两种不同类型的聚(烯烃砜),即聚(环己烯砜)和聚(苯乙烯砜),并对它们进行了物理表征,给出了元素分析、红外光谱、核磁分析、凝胶渗透色谱及热重分析等的测试数据。用聚(环己烯砜)和聚(苯乙烯砜)作为抗蚀剂,其曝光特性:前者,灵敏度为5×10^-6库仑/厘米²,分辨率为0.75微米,反差约1.5;后者分别为6×10^-5库仑/厘米²,0.36微米及约2.5。尤为重要的是,聚(苯乙烯砜)具有优良的耐干法刻蚀的性能。聚(环己烯砜)作为强磁场聚焦电子照相记录材料,分辨率高于1.5微米。聚(苯乙烯砜)作为远紫外抗蚀剂,分辨率达0.5微米。     

WOBr_4催化聚苯乙炔的合成与表征

本文研究了苯乙炔在WOBr_4催化剂作用下的聚合行为,并对催化聚合机理进行了探讨。所得聚合物是可溶可熔的褐红色固体,其最高分子量为1830(M_n)。WOBr_4催化剂具有催化剂用量少(2/100),聚合反应时间短(10秒钟),产物收率高(80％以上)等特点。结构分析结果表明,WOBr_4催化聚苯乙炔具有顺-反式微观结构。     

类风湿关节炎免疫吸附剂载体-碳化树脂的制备及性能研究

以苯乙烯、丙烯腈为单体,二乙烯苯为交联剂,添加一定量的致孔剂,在水相中采用分步聚合工艺制成高分子树脂,再经高温碳化制备碳化树脂.研究结果表明,单体交联度为35%时,碳化树脂比表面积达到601m2/g.用该碳化树脂包埋DNA后对类风湿因子IgG、IgM、IgA的吸附清除率达到了52.9%、58.5%、37.0%.     

一种新型两性表面活性剂的合成

两性表面活性剂分子既含有阳离子亲水基,又含有阴离子亲水基,因而有其它表面活性剂所不具备的优异性能。本文将月桂酸和N-(2-羟乙基)乙二胺热缩合脱水,得到2-十一烷基-1-(2-羟乙基)-2-咪唑啉(1)。接着在还原剂的作用下,咪唑啉环碳氮双键还原并开环得到一般方法难以合成的N,N-二取代乙二胺(2)。(2)通过甲酰化(3)季铵化,引入两性离子,得到     

ASSOCIATION PHENOMENON OF A MIXED CATIONIC SURFACTANT IN NON-AQUEOUS SYSTEM

Pseudoternary phase diagrams of a mixture of two cationic surfactants, hexan-1-ol and a third component consisting of glycerol, formamide, water/glycerol or water/formamide were obtained. These diagrams were then contrasted with its water counterpart.

The results showed that the association phenomenon were entirely different from that of the corresponding water system. The lamellar liquid crystalline region was absent in both of the glycerol or formamide systems. This indicated a less ordered or destabilizing effect in the association structure resulting in the replacement water with that of glycerol or formamide. The presence of formamide resulted in a more destabilizing effect compared to the glycerol. This was shown by the smaller lamellar liquid crystal region obtained in the pseudoternary phase diagram containing equal weight ratio of water and formamide.