磷酸钙纳米结构材料的微波辅助液相合成

微波加热作为一种新兴热源具有加热速率快、制备时间短、节能等优点,已经被广泛应用于合成包括磷酸钙在内的多种无机纳米材料.磷酸钙作为典型的生物材料,其制备新方法的探索、结构/尺寸/形貌调控、性能研究和应用探索是生物材料领域的一个重要研究方向.本文阐述了微波辅助合成法用于制备纳米材料的优势,并综述了微波辅助液相快速合成磷酸钙纳米结构材料的进展.采用微波液相合成技术,可以制备出包括颗粒、一维、二维和三维结构在内的多种磷酸钙纳米结构材料,同时还可以通过功能性组分的掺杂/复合对磷酸钙纳米材料进行功能化.预期未来微波液相合成法在包括磷酸钙在内的多种无机纳米材料的合成领域将得到快速发展和广泛应用;另外,微波液相合成的磷酸钙纳米结构材料在药物递送和控释、蛋白吸附、金属离子吸附、生物成像及骨缺损修复等众多领域具有良好的应用前景.     

溶致液晶及其在纳米结构材料合成中的应用

有序纳米结构材料是一类具有广泛应用前景的新材料,在分离、催化、传感器等领域的应用潜力巨大。近年来,利用溶致液晶模板合成纳米结构颗粒和薄膜材料的研究取得了一系列重要进展,包括新纳米结构金属和半导体材料的合成、由过渡金属水合物与表面活性剂构建的新液晶体系、溶致液晶与其它模板结合制备具有多级孔结构的新材料、影响液晶体系及纳米结构材料有序性与稳定性的关键因素、以及纳米结构形成机理等方面的内容。本文就上述几个方面的近期研究成果进行了总结与综述,并展望了利用溶致液晶模板合成纳米结构材料需要进一步深入开展的内容,有助于化学、化学工程和材料科学等领域的相关研究工作。     

Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanostructured Materials and Their Applications

Owing to their high natural abundance, low cost, easy availability, and excellent magnetic properties, considerable interest has been devoted to the synthesis and applications of iron oxide nanostructured materials. Liquid-phase synthesis methods are economical and environmentally friendly with low energy consumption and volatile emissions, and as such have received much attention for the preparation of iron oxide nanostructured materials. Herein, the liquid-phase synthesis methods of iron oxide nanostructured materials including the co-precipitation method, microemulsion method, conventional hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, microwave-assisted heating method, sonolysis method, and other methods are summarized and reviewed. Many iron oxide nanostructured materials, self-assembled nanostructures, and nanocomposites have been successfully prepared, which are of great significance to enhance their structure-dependent properties and applications. The specific roles of liquid-phase chemical reaction parameters in regulating the chemical composition, structure, crystallinity, morphology, particle size, and dispersive behavior of the as-prepared iron oxide nanostructured materials are emphasized. The biomedical, environmental, and electrochemical energy storage applications of iron oxide nanostructured materials are discussed. Finally, challenges and perspectives are proposed for future investigations on the liquid-phase synthesis and applications of iron oxide nanostructured materials.     

混合表面活性剂模板法合成立方相介孔含钛氧化硅

自1992年Ｍｏｂｉｌ公司的Ｍ41Ｓ系列介孔氧化硅分子筛问世以来[1,2],借助表面活性剂液晶模板方法合成各种孔结构与不同大小孔径的硅基分子筛材料引起了人们的极大兴趣,目前多数工作仍然集中于六方相的介孔分子筛.具有双连续的三维交织立方排列孔道结构的ＭＣＭ48由于其孔道不易堵塞和良好的骨架结构稳定性[3,4],在催化、吸附和与其为载体的制备等方面具有独特的应用价值.但由于液晶模板形成立方相区的范围非常狭窄,相应的分子堆积比对模板剂分子几何结构要求较苛刻,采用单一表面活性剂为模板剂合成时,条件难以掌握,制备ＭＣＭ48十分困难.Ｈ…     

Electrocatalysis Using Porous Nanostructured Materials

The performance of electrochemical reactions depends strongly on the morphology and structure of the employed catalytic electrodes. Nanostructuring of the electrode surface represents a powerful tool to increase the electrochemically active surface area of the electrodes. Moreover, it can also facilitate faster diffusive mass transport inside three‐dimensional electrodes. This minireview describes recent trends in the development of synthesis routes for porous nanostructured electrode materials and discusses the respective important electrocatalytic applications. The use of structure‐directing agents will play a decisive role in the design and synthesis of improved catalysts.     

生物矿化合成纳米管状SiO2

生物体利用生物矿化作用，在有机分子模板上，通过蛋白和多糖生物分子的诱导及有机-无机界面分子识别自组装合成物貌形态可控的固态SiO₂结构。本文以真核生物细胞根霉菌为模板，以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为硅源进行了生物矿化实验，并采用TEM、SEM、FTIR、XPS EDX、TGA等手段对实验结果进行了表征。结果表明，TEOS/培养基浓度为80 mg·L^-1时，矿化合成了一种厚度为5 nm的管状SiO₂纳米结构材料。     

Nanostructured Materials for Skeletal Repair

The treatment of bone and cartilage defects with bioengineered constructs of artificial scaffolds and autogenous cells became the main challenge of contemporary regenerative medicine. Early defect repair may prevent secondary injury. Recent studies could prove that bone and cartilage cells are sensitive to microscale and nanoscale patterns of surface topography and chemical structure. Nanostructured materials provide an environment for tissue regeneration mimicking the physiological range of extracellular matrix. The article reviews several studies substantiating the superiority of nanostructured materials for bone and cartilage repair along with own results on cell attachment.     

Nanostructured Macromolecular Metal Containing Materials in Catalysis

Summary: Nanostructured regular materials based on cross-linked polypropylene imine (PPI) dendrimers and silica-gel polyamine composites were used as a support for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles. The materials were tested as catalysts and displayed a high activity and selectivity for the hydrogenation of conjugated double bonds.     

根霉菌为模板矿化合成纳米结构SiO2材料的研究

在人工培养条件下,以真核生物细胞根霉菌为模板,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为硅源进行了生物矿化实验,并采用TEM、SEM、FTIR、EDX、TGA等手段对实验结果进行了表征。结果表明,TEOS/培养基浓度为80mg/L时,矿化合成了一种厚度为5nm的管状SiO2纳米结构材料。本实验为利用生物细胞模板合成介观尺寸有序的SiO2纳米结构材料提供了技术基础。     

New Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis of Dodecanuclear NiII Complexes and Surface Deposition Studies

Microwave‐assisted synthesis has been used to obtain the family of dodecanuclear Ni^II complexes [Ni₁₂(NO₃)(MeO)₁₂(MeC₆H₄CO₂)₉(MeOH)₁₀(H₂O)₂][ClO₄]₂ ( 1 ), [Ni₁₂(NO₃)(MeO)₁₂(BrC₆H₄CO₂)₉(MeOH)₁₀(H₂O)₂][ClO₄]₂ ( 2 ), [Ni₁₂(CO₃)(MeO)₁₂(MeC₆H₄CO₂)₉(MeOH)₁₀(H₂O)₂]₂[SO₄] ( 3 ) and [Ni₁₂(NO₃)(MeO)₁₂(MeC₆H₄CO₂)₉(MeOH)₈(H₂O)₇][NO₃]₂ ( 4 ). They contain three {Ni₄O₄} cubane units which template around a central μ₆ anion, either NO₃^? or CO₃^2?. Their magnetic properties have been studied by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry and high‐field EPR measurements. The nanostructuration of the Ni₁₂ species on mica surfaces is studied by AFM and grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction, which reveal the formation of polycrystalline thin layers.     

Nanostructured Carbonaceous Materials from Molecular Precursors

Nanostructured carbonaceous materials, that is, carbon materials with a feature size on the nanometer scale and, in some cases, functionalized surfaces, already play an important role in a wide range of emerging fields, such as the search for novel energy sources, efficient energy storage, sustainable chemical technology, as well as organic electronic materials. Furthermore, such materials might offer solutions to the challenges associated with the on‐going depletion of nonrenewable energy resources or climate change, and they may promote further breakthroughs in the field of microelectronics. However, novel methods for their preparation will be required that afford functional carbon materials with controlled surface chemistry, mesoscopic morphology, and microstructure. A highly promising approach for the synthesis of such materials is based on the use of well‐defined molecular precursors.     

Microindentation Hardness of Nanostructured Thermoplastic Materials

Summary: The micromechanical behaviour of various thermoplastics based nanocomposites was investigated with the aid of the microindentation technique. The materials studied were microphase separated styrene-butadiene block copolymer systems and several thermoplastics reinforced with nano-sized fillers having variable dimensionality. It was found that the microhardness behaviour of the nanocomposites studied was strongly influenced by the dimensionalities of the filler. Due to large surface to volume-ratio one- and two-dimensional fillers exhibit a far better reinforcing behaviour than the three dimensional ones. In case of nanostructured block copolymers, the microhardness is not determined by the total polystyrene (PS)/polybutadiene (PB) composition alone but diminishes gradually in presence of freely standing dangling polybutadiene chains even if the morphology of the systems remains unaltered.     

酵母细胞为模板矿化合成SiO2纳米结构材料的研究

根据无机盐可以在生物细胞膜上沉积形成纳米结构材料的现象和生物矿化理论, 在人工培养条件下, 成功地以低等真核生物细胞-酵母菌为模板, 以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为硅源, 矿化合成了一种壳鞘状的SiO2纳米结构材料, 厚度达150 nm左右, 并采用TEM、SEM、EDX、FT-IR、TGA等表征手段对实验结果进行了深入细致的研究, 获得了大量的实验数据, 为利用生物细胞模板合成介观尺寸有序SiO2纳米材料作出了有益的尝试.     

超越石墨烯:二维纳米材料

二维纳米材料由于其独特的物理和化学性质,现已成为当今材料科学研究的焦点之一。本文从新型二维纳米材料的分类、合成、性质和应用角度,结合TMDs、硅烯、层状氧/氢氧化物等实例,介绍了这方面研究的新进展,并简要介绍了新兴的以二维材料堆叠为基础的范德华和同层异质结构的制备、性质及应用前景。最后,对正在飞速发展的二维纳米材料在未来将引发的新一代材料科学革命中展示出的活力进行了展望。     

生物矿化纳米结构材料与植物硅营养

本文在介绍了生物矿化纳米结构材料化学研究发展的基础上, 着重阐述以细胞膜和细胞壁为模板合成组装纳米尺寸SiO 2 的化学过程。这些生物矿化SiO 2 纳米结构材料研究不仅为近代纳米化学提供了有益启示, 同时也对阐明Si 营养提高植物抗环境胁迫机理有重要参考价值。     

Electrospun Polymer-Inorganic Nanostructured Materials and Their Applications

Abstract

Materials based on polymer-inorganic nanostructures, e(Polym/INS), produced by combining functional polymers with inorganic nanostructured compounds represent a major area of research with many applications. This review provides a summary of the most relevant polymer-inorganic nanostructured systems found in the literature over the last decade. Then the most relevant and specific features of these systems are described. Finally, we summarize the progress made over the last decade in the development of polymer-inorganic electrospun hybrid materials with various morphologies, compositions and applications in environmental remediation, sensors, catalysts, energy area and biomedical uses.     

混合模板法制备螺旋纳米结构二氧化硅

用凝胶剂高氯酸环（L-11-（N-甲基咪唑）十一烷基天冬酰胺-L-苯丙酰胺）（11mim ClO4）和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）作模板剂,经溶胶-凝胶过程,制备纳米结构二氧化硅．使用冷场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）,表征了多种反应条件下样品的形貌和表面结构．结果表明,通过调节CTAC和凝胶剂的质量比,可以得到螺旋介孔二氧化硅纳米纤维,其长度为数百纳米,孔径为3．0nm．