聚含氟丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯三嵌段共聚物水基分散体的合成及膜结构

聚含氟丙烯酸酯-聚氨酯三嵌段共聚物水基分散体的合成及膜结构;含氟丙烯酸酯;水性聚氨酯分散体;表面结构;核壳分散体     

Synthesis of Some Oil Spill Dispersants Based on Sorbitol Esters and Their Capability to Disperse Crude Oil on Seawater to Alleviate Its Accumulation and Environmental Impact

In this respect mono‐, di‐, and tri‐ sorbitol oleate esters [SMO, SDO, and STO] were prepared and then ethoxylated using ethylene oxide to obtain six sorbitol esters at different ethylene oxide content (e.o=5, 12, 15, 20, 35, and 45). They were tested as oil spill dispersants individually and in blends. From the obtained data, it was found that the blends are more effective than the corresponding individual surfactants. The maximum dispersion capability for the prepared surfactants was obtained at HLB range from 9 to 11 for the both individual surfactants and blends. The increase of total carbon number in the surfactant alkyl group leads to increase dispersion capability of the dispersant. The wide range of ethylene oxide content was used, but the maximum dispersion efficiency was obtained at ethylene oxide=20 in E(20)STO. Meanwhile, the dispersion capability increases when the interfacial tension decreases.     

Effect of Chain Length of Polyethylene Glycol and Crosslink Density (NCO/OH) on Properties of Castor Oil Based Polyurethane Elastomers

The equilibrium swelling study of polyurethanes (PU) was carried out in various solvents in order to calculate their solubility parameter. The kinetics of swelling and sorption have also been studied in 1,4‐dioxane at 30°C. The PU was synthesized by reacting a novel polyol (castor oil derivative and epoxy based resin, EpxR) and one of the polyethylene glycols (PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600) with different weight compositions, with a toluene diisocyanate (TDI) adduct (derived from toluene diisocyanate and R60 polyol). Different NCO/OH ratio viz. 1, 1.3 and 1.7 were employed in the study. The results were found to vary with the weight composition of polyol components, as well as the crosslink density of the samples. The sorption behavior is also found to vary with the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol employed in the preparations of the polyurethanes. Kinetic studies of swelling revealed that the sorption is anomalous in nature. The diffusion coefficient (D) increased with an increase in the NCO/OH ratio and decreased with an increase in chain length of polyethylene glycol. The sorption coefficient (S) decreased with an increase in crosslink density (NCO/OH) and increased with increasing polyethylene glycol (i.e., PEG 200, PEG 400, and PEG 600) moieties in the polyurethanes. The molecular weight between two crosslink points was calculated using the Flory Rehner equation (24), and hence, the number of chains per unit volume (N) and degree of crosslinking (ν) in all the samples were determined.     

基于聚氨酯的磁性碳化泡沫的制备及其吸油性能研究

以废弃聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)为原料,在其表面依次修饰聚丙烯酸(PAA)、Fe~(3+),然后在230℃条件下,通过高温碳化处理,制备了具有多孔结构的磁性碳化泡沫材料.用光学显微镜、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、接触角对磁性碳化泡沫进行表征.详细考察了AA含量、Fe~(3+)浓度对材料吸附容量、吸附速率的影响.材料具有明显的亲油、疏水特性,对各种有机溶剂和油类分子吸附容量都在10 g/g以上,而且在5 min内就可吸附饱和,同时材料密度小,可漂浮于水面对有机溶剂进行快速吸附,并通过外界磁场实现快速分离.因此,该材料在原油泄漏处理、油水分离、油田采出液处理、工业污水净化等领域具有重要的应用价值.     

蓖麻油基巯烯基紫外光固化胶粘剂的研制与性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、蓖麻油(CO)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)为原料,采用熔融缩聚法合成出端丙烯酸酯基预聚体;同时以CO和3-巯基丙酸(3-MPA)为原料采用酯化反应合成出端巯基光引发单体。将端不饱和双键聚氨酯丙烯酸酯预聚体与所制备巯基丙酸酯按一定比例复合,加入光引发剂,在紫外光照射下,预聚体中双键与光引发单体中巯基发生巯基-烯点击反应,制得聚氨酯丙烯酸酯固化膜。采用核磁共振氢谱(1 HNMR)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)和光量热系统(Photo-DSC)等手段对合成预聚体、巯基丙酸酯及固化膜结构和性能进行了分析表征。结果表明:在紫外光辐照下,预聚体中不饱和双键与巯基化合物中巯基间发生了自由基加成反应,固化时间在60s以内,且所制备UV固化膜具有良好的机械性能和热稳定性。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定鱼油食品中的脂肪酸DHA,EPA

采用毛细管气相色谱法测定鱼油中DHA和EPA的含量,色谱柱为DB–WAX型毛细管柱(30 m×0.530mm,1.00μm),柱温采用程序升温,载气为氮气,流速15 mL/min,FID检测器,温度为300℃,进样口温度260℃,分流比为10∶1,进样量为1μL。DHA及EPA的质量浓度(X)分别在0.25~20.0,0.125~10.0 mg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积(Y)呈良好的线性关系,线性方程分别为Y=905417X+6060.6,Y=887335X+4463.6,线性相关系数r均为0.9999,平均回收率分别为97.8%,96.1%,相对标准偏差小于3%(n=6)。该方法简便、重现性好,可用于鱼油中DHA和EPA含量测定。     

Omeg@Silica: Entrapment and Stabilization of Sustainably Sourced Fish Oil

Fish oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D₃ and carotenoid pigments have been sustainably extracted from anchovy fillet leftovers using biobased limonene. The oil is conveniently stabilized by adsorption on periodic mesoporous silicas. The simplicity of the process, the high load of fish oil, and the biocompatible nature of mesoporous silica support numerous forthcoming applications of this new class of “Omeg@Silica” materials.     

聚氨酯改性氟代聚丙烯酸酯的合成、表征与膜形态

在二月桂酸二丁基锡(T-12)作用下,将1,6-已二异氰酸酯(HDI)与聚乙二醇(PEG-200)在70℃反应合成—NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚体(PU),然后滴加甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(RfAA)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPAA)和偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)在甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)溶液中聚合反应4～6 h,再经丁酮肟(EtAO)封端,制得了一种新型聚氨酯改性氟代聚丙烯酸酯易去污整理剂(FPUA)。用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对FPUA的结构、成膜形态及应用性能进行了研究。结果表明:FPUA在亲水性纤维织物和单晶硅表面均能形成非单一结构的疏水膜。该膜附着在纤维表面,能使处理后织物表面水的静态接触角达到146.5°,色拉油的接触角达到132°,且易去污效果良好。     

Production of Human Milk Fat Replacement Rich of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoilglycerol From Enzymatic Interesterification Tripalmitin,Ethyl Oleate And Mixture of VCO,Soybean Oil And Fish Oil

Human Milk is naturally the only source of food for infant in their early life. It contains 2-6% lipid which provides about 50% of the total energy needed by the infant. Human milk fat (HMF) mainly as TAG with the specific fatty acid composition, palmitic acid (C16:0) (20-25%), which is primary located at sn-2 of glycerol bonds (70%) and oleic acid (C18:1), located at sn-1,3 (35%). HMF also provide fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, EPA, DHA and lauric acid that are very important for infant. The purposes of this research are to synthesize of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoilglycerol (OPO) and to determine the best composition of OPO, VCO, soybean oil and fish oil for HMFS production for infant formula. Interesterification of tripalmitin and ethyl oleate using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozym RM IM) were used to synthesize of OPO. Interesterification product of mixed VCO, soybean oil and fish oil that are source of lauric acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic, EPA and DHA, were formulated in mass ratio (58:20:20:2) and (70:18:10:2) for obtaining HMFS which have fatty acids composition similar or close to HMF. Composition of fatty acids from product were analyzed by GCMS. From this research, were obtained HMFS containing palmitic acid as much as 28.89% where 84.49% of that are located at sn-2 while sn-1,3 position are dominated by oleic acid as much as 55.11% from the total 38.7% and 70:18:10:2 w/w is the best composition of interesterification product, VCO, soybean oil and fish oil to obtain HMFS similar to HMF.     

Preparation,Characterization and Biological Activities of an Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion from Fish By-Products and Lemon Oil by Ultrasonication Method

Fish by-product oil and lemon oil have potential applications as active ingredients in many industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and food. However, the physicochemical properties, especially the poor stability, compromised the usage. Generally, nanoemulsions were used as an approach to stabilize the oils. This study employed an ultrasonication method to form oil-in-water nanoemulsion of lemon and fish by-product oils (NE-FLO). The formulation is produced at a fixed amount of 2 wt% fish by-product oil, 8 wt% lemon oil, 10 wt% surfactant, 27.7 wt% co-surfactants and 42 min of ultrasonication time. The size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential obtained were 44.40 nm, 0.077, and −5.02 mV, respectively. The biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, cell cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory, showed outstanding performance. The antioxidant activity is comparable without any significant difference with ascorbic acid as standard and is superior to pure lemon oil. NE-FLO successfully inhibits seven Gram-positive and seven Gram-negative bacterial strains. NE-FLO’s anti-inflammatory activity is 99.72%, comparable to nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as the standard. At a high concentration of 10,000 µg·mL⁻¹, NE-FLO is non-toxic to normal skin cells. These findings demonstrate that the NE-FLO produced in this study has significant potential for usage in various industries.     

Herring Fish (Clupea harengus) Oil Production and Evaluation for Industrial Uses

It is a well known fact that the lipid (oil) extracted from various fish species can be of industrial benefit if properly extracted and processed. In this study herring fish oil was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative analysis in other to provide an assessment of the quality of the oil for industrial purposes. This work focuses on the production of oil from frozen herring fish (Clupea harengus) as the raw material readily available on the market, by evaluating by the oil using chemical and physical analysis and refining the oil by degumming, neutralizing, drying, and decolorizing. The experimental results revealed that the rate of extraction increases with time until maximum extraction took place using an average size of 780 µm. Every 10.64 g of dried sample used has about 4.34 g of oil extracted for five hours. The extracted herring fish oil contains two essential unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which could be of great industrial importance.     

In Vitro and In Vivo Digestibility of Soybean,Fish, and Microalgal Oils,and Their Influences on Fatty Acid Distribution in Tissue Lipid of Mice

The digestion rates of microalgal (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, 56.8%; palmitic acid, 22.4%), fish (DHA, 10.8%; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, 16.2%), and soybean oils (oleic, 21.7%; linoleic acid, 54.6%) were compared by coupling the in vitro multi-step and in vivo apparent digestion models using mice. The in vitro digestion rate estimated based on the released free fatty acids content was remarkably higher in soybean and fish oils than in microalgal oil in 30 min; however, microalgal and fish oils had similar digestion rates at longer digestion. The in vivo digestibility of microalgal oil (91.49%) was lower than those of soybean (96.50%) and fish oils (96.99%). Among the constituent fatty acids of the diet oils, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) exhibited the highest digestibility, followed by EPA, DHA, palmitoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid, demonstrating increased digestibility with reduced chain length and increased unsaturation degree of fatty acid. The diet oils affected the deposition of fatty acids in mouse tissues, and DHA concentrations were high in epididymal fat, liver, and brain of mice fed microalgal oil. In the present study, microalgal oil showed lower in vitro and in vivo digestibility, despite adequate DHA incorporation into major mouse organs, such as the brain and liver.     

Effect of pH-Responsive on the Dispersion of PVM/MA Grafted Carbon Black in Water and Waterborne Polyurethane

The pH-responsive polyelectrolyte, named poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PVM/MA), was grafted onto the surface of carbon black (CB) by ultrasonically degraded method. The effect of pH on the dispersion of PVM/MA grafted CB in water and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was studied. Particle size of PVM/MA grafted CB and its transmission electron microscope images showed the increasing of pH in the suspension of grafted CB easily causes the aggregates of grafted CB. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images showed grafted CB had better dispersibility than that of untreated CB in WPU emulsion or corresponding solid composite. When grafted CB was neutralized in aqueous solution, the compatibility between PVM/MA grafted CB and WPU got poor. In addition, the dispersion of grafted CB in solid composite could be controlled through tuning the composite resistance.     

An Analysis of Oxidative Changes and the Fatty Acid Profile in Stored Poultry Sausages with Liquid and Microencapsulated Fish Oil Additives

This study deals with the fatty acid profile and oxidative changes (TBARS) in vacuum-packed (VP) or modified-atmosphere-packed (MAP) finely-comminuted poultry sausages with liquid fish oil and microencapsulated fish oil (MC) additives. An analysis of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) showed that their content in the samples with the fish oil additive decreased from the initial value of 0.22 g∙100 g⁻¹ of the product to 0.18 g∙100 g⁻¹ (MAP) and 0.17 g∙100 g⁻¹ (VP), respectively. After in vitro digestion, the total EPA and DHA content in the sample with microencapsulated oil amounted to 0.17 g∙100 g⁻¹ of the product. The TBARS values showed the VP samples with both forms of the fish oil additive had the lowest values on the first day of storage. Storage of the samples for 21 days caused a slight increase in the degree of lipid oxidation. The research indicated that the forms of the oil additive did not have a negative influence on the sensory features or the physicochemical properties of the sausages. The EPA and DHA levels in samples with liquid fish oil and those with oil microcapsules were sufficient for the sausage producer to declare high content of these fatty acids in accordance with the current EC regulation.     

超支化聚氨酯阻尼涂层的制备及性能

以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)和二乙醇胺(DEOA)为原料, 采用一步法合成了超支化聚氨酯, 并对其改性制备了光固化超支化聚氨酯(UV-HPU)和超支化杂化聚氨酯(HHPU)两种树脂. 用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征了预期产物. 以其为预聚物制备阻尼涂层, 动态力学分析(DMA)研究表明, 这两种涂层都具有高阻尼因子(tanδ≥1.0)、宽阻尼温度范围(tanδ≥0.5, 大于50 ℃)和宽阻尼频率范围(20～160 Hz); 通过基本性能测试和热重分析(TGA)发现杂化涂层聚氨酯较光固化聚氨酯具有更好的机械性能和热稳定性能; 杂化涂层聚氨酯的FTIR分析可知杂化涂层中硅氧烷水解缩合, 提高了交联密度; 杂化材料的断面扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明, 硅氧烷的水解缩合并未形成大颗粒纳米粒子而是形成均相体系.     

聚氨酯/苯丙杂化乳液的合成、表征和特性及其在复膜胶中的应用

由聚氨酯(PU)预聚物、丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯单体的乳液聚合制备了聚氨酯-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯(PUSA)杂化乳液,1H NMR显示所得的PU预聚物由烯烃基团封端。 TEM表明,其粒径约为150 nm,且为颜色深浅不同的两部分所组成。 随着PU含量的降低,杂化乳液的热稳定性增加。 DSC分析表明,所得杂化乳液有单一的Tg值,且处于聚氨酯和聚苯丙(PSA)乳液Tg值的中间。 当将得到的杂化乳液用于纸塑和塑塑复合时,其剥离强度分别为14.1 N/2.5 cm和12.2 N/2.5 cm。     

Synthesis of Dendramines,Dendramides and Their New Application in the Oil Industry

A series of dendramines and dendramides have been synthesized and some of their “anti-freeze” properties in diesel fuels have been tested, showing that these compounds are good oil additives for reducing the wax-like crystals which block the fuel filters.     

Effect of the Amount of Calcium Carbonate as Filler on the Rheological and Adhesion Properties of a Water-Based Polyurethane Dispersion

In this study, the properties of water-based adhesives based on a polyurethane ionomer (PUD) and a micronised CaCO₃ as filler was analysed. Different amounts of a micronised CaCO₃ (5-25 wt%) were added to water-based polyurethane (PUD) adhesive formulations in order to reduce its relatively high cost. The addition of a micronised calcium carbonate filler increased the viscosity, the storage and loss moduli of the PUD adhesives, and imparted pseudoplasticity and thixotropy, more noticeably for the adhesive with the highest calcium carbonate content. The creation of acid-base interactions seemed to be responsible for the improvement in the rheological properties of the PUD adhesives containing CaCO₃ as filler. On the other hand, the addition of CaCO₃ filler might deteriorate the adhesion properties to PUD adhesives.     

Effect of Specific Interactions on Structure-Property Relationships of Thermoplastic IPNs Based on Polyurethane and Styrene-co-Acrylic Acid Ionomers

Summary: The structure-property relationships of thermoplastic polymer blends based on poly(ether-urethane) ionomer (PEUI) and K⁺-Ion containing styrene-acrylic acid random copolymer (S-co-AA(K)) have been investigated by different methods. Convergence of the glass transition temperature values of the PEUI and the S-co-AA(K) components in the blends studied and improvement of end-use properties have been found.