Sol-Gel Preparation of Photocatalytic TiO2 Films on Polymer Substrates

Sol-gel TiO₂ thin films were autoclaved under various water/ethanol atmospheres. The microstructural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of the films were studied. The photocatalytic activity of the films appears closely related to crystallization states. It is shown that nanocrystallized porous films can be produced in a temperature range compatible with titania deposition on polymer materials. Consequently, photocatalytic films could successfully be prepared on polycarbonate and polymethylmetacrylate substrates. The autoclaved film properties are described and discussed with respect to sol-gel parameters and autoclaving conditions.     

TiO_2薄膜光催化氧化I~-的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法,在玻璃珠表面涂覆均匀透明的ＴｉＯ２ 薄膜,并制成光催化反应器对水溶液中Ｉ－的光催化氧化进行了研究。比较了光催化剂的活性,讨论了Ｉ－的起始浓度、试液的酸度、光照时间与Ｉ２产率的关系。实验结果表明：采用锐钛型ＴｉＯ２作光催化剂,３Ｌ碘化钾溶液所用催化剂量为４．０ｇ,［Ｉ－］＝０．３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,［Ｈ＋］＝３．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,光照８ｈ时,Ｉ２的产率达到４１．２６％。     

TiO2薄膜光催化氧化I-的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在玻璃珠表面涂覆均匀透明的TiO     

以ACF为模板制备掺氮TiO2及其光催化脱氨氮研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以活性炭纤维(ACF)为模板的掺氮TiO2光催化剂,利用XRD、XPS、TEM、SEM和UV-Vis等方法对催化剂进行了表征,测定了催化剂在紫外、日光照射下光催化脱氨氮的活性.ACF作模板掺氮TiO2催化剂具有介孔结构,平均粒径约为10 nm,比表面积为64.43 m2/g.紫外、可见光光催化2 h氨氮(85 mg/L)废水的氨氮去除率分别为68%和47%.结果表明,催化剂中氮的含量是影响催化剂光催化活性的重要因素.     

Low Temperature Sol-Gel Preparation of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Films

TiO₂ nanocrystalline thin films with varying degree of porosity have been prepared using a low temperature method. TiO₂ films of the anatase form have been obtained by using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified sol-gel method. Densification and crystallization of the films was found to result from the thermal treatment of the dip coated films in boiling water. The films have been characterized by Raman, XRD, FTIR, AFM and optical methods. Highly transparent films with transmission in excess of 85% and porosity as high as 58% are formed predominantly of anatase crystallites of dimensions of the order of 5 nm. Initial results on lithium intercalation into these films resulting in an efficient optical modulation in the visible and near infrared regions demonstrate a good potential of these films for electrochromic applications.     

Preparation and Characterization of TiO2 Thin Films by Sol-Gel Method

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) thin films have been deposited on silicon and glass substrates by the sol-gel process using titanium iso-propoxide [Ti(O-i-C₃H₇)₄]. The bond configuration of the TiO₂ thin films was analyzed by using FTIR in the wavenumber range from 400 to 4000 cm^–1. The spectral transmittance of as-deposited TiO₂ films deposited on fused silica glass was measured in the wavelength range from 200 to 900 nm. X-ray diffraction measurements were performed to determine the crystallinity of the TiO₂ films. As-deposited films were amorphous. As the film was annealed at higher temperature, the structure was transformed from amorphous to the anatase crystalline state. The chemical composition of the deposited film was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The films are essentially stoichiometric with carbon as the dominant impurity on the surface. Raman spectra show the characteristic of TiO₂ anatase phase. The electrical properties of the TiO₂ films were measured using capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage techniques. From C-V measurements, the dielectric constants were calculated to be approximately 26 for the as-deposited films and 75–82 for films annealed at 700°C in different atmosphere. For the as-deposited samples, the breakdown voltage was 2.7 MV/cm, and for an electric field of 1 MV/cm, the leakage current was 5 × 10^–5 A/cm² and the resistivity was 2.2 × 10¹⁰ -cm.     

TiO2薄膜光催化氧化I-的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法,在玻璃珠表面涂覆均匀透明的TiO₂薄膜并制成光催化反应器,对水溶液中I-的光催化氧化进行了研究.比较了光催化剂的活性,讨论了I^-的起始浓度、试液的酸度、光照时间与I₂产率的关系.实验结果表明:采用锐钛型TiO₂作光催化剂(3L碘化钾溶液所用催化剂量为40g),当[I^-]=0.3mol/L,[H⁺]=3.0mol/L,光照8h时,I₂的产率达到41.26%.     

掺硼纳米TiO2对农药毒死蜱的光催化降解作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂硼的纳米TiO2,并用X射线衍射、红外光谱表征了产物的组成和结构.用制备好的掺硼纳米TiO2作为光催化剂对农药毒死蜱进行了光催化降解研究.结果表明:通过掺硼可以显著提高TiO2对毒死蜱的光催化效率.在硼掺杂量为3%,催化剂煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间为1 h,催化剂用量为15%时,毒死蜱的降解率最高.     

不同基材上TiO2膜的表征和光催化活性评价

 采用溶胶-凝胶法在平行条件下制备了负载于钛、铝、不锈钢和玻璃等不同基材上的TiO2浸渍提拉膜,利用原子力显微镜、俄歇电子能谱、X射线衍射、漫反射紫外-可见光谱和苯甲酰胺光催化降解等手段对TiO2膜进行了表征和催化活性评价. 实验结果表明,基材的种类对TiO2膜的性能有较大影响,各膜样品虽均为锐钛矿晶型,但表面形貌显著不同. TiO2/Ti, TiO2/steel, TiO2/Al和TiO2/glass上TiO2的平均粒径分别是152, 205, 241和477 nm,且前两者的粒径分布较为集中. TiO2/Ti和TiO2/Al样品表面仅有Ti和O元素存在,而TiO2/steel和TiO2/glass表面则分别检测到有Fe和Na,Ca及Si等基材元素渗出. 各膜样品对苯甲酰胺光催化降解的活性次序是:TiO2/Ti＞TiO2/Al＞TiO2/glass＞TiO2/steel. 根据实验结果可以推测,在焙烧阶段各基材上前驱体膜烧结行为的不同以及基材元素的渗出是造成不同基材上的TiO2膜在表面形貌、化学组成、光吸收性能以及光催化活性方面存在明显差异的主要原因.     

La掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与表征

用共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了La掺杂TiO2光催化剂(La3 -TiO2),并以罗丹明B为模型反应物,进行了光催化降解实验.结果发现,共沉淀法制备的La3 -TiO2具有较高的光催化活性,当掺La量为1.0%、于800℃煅烧2 h时获得的催化剂活性最佳.用X射线衍射、N2吸附、扫描电镜和电子探针等手段测定了两种方法制备的典型样品的结构和粒度分布.两种方法制备的催化剂都是含有锐钛矿和金红石型TiO2的混合晶体,但共沉淀法制备的催化剂具有较高的锐钛矿含量、较大的晶粒和大孔/介孔的多级孔结构,这是其具有较高光催化活性的主要原因.     

复合光催化剂CeO2/TiO2的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了CeO2／TiO2二元复合纳米光催化剂,用XRD、FTIR等对其进行了表征。以紫外灯为光源,直接耐晒兰(DFB)的脱色为模型反应,研究了CeO2／TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明：掺杂摩尔百分比x(CeO2)=1．44％、600℃煅烧2h时,该催化剂的催化活性最高,比纯TiO2高近1倍。DFB脱色的最佳条件为：pH9．0～10．0,投加量200mg／50mL,空气流量200mL／min。     

Characterization of TiO2 Loaded on Activated Carbon Fibers and Its Photocatalytic Reactivity

In this paper, TiO2 loaded on activated carbon fibers （ACF） was prepared by a coating treatment, followed by calcination at different temperatures in air atmosphere. The photocatalyst developed was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and UV-Vis adsorption spectroscopy. It was observed from SEM images that TiO2 loaded on ACF was in the form of small clusters with nanometer size. As confirmed by XRD and XPS determinations, the crystalline pattern of immobilized TiO2 was still anatase-form after calcination, and the micrographic structure and surface properties of ACF have not been damaged by the deposition process and calcination at different temperatures. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue （MB） in aqueous .solution was investigated using TiOE/ACF as photocatalyst. The comparison of photolysis, absorption and photocatalysis was carded out. The results indicated that the photocatalysis process of combined photocatalyst showed much higher degradation rate than that of photolysis and absorption processes. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the photocatalyst was also confirmed.     

V2O5/TiO2 Catalyst Xerogels: Method of Preparation and Characterization

This work describes a modified sol-gel method for the preparation of V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalysts. The samples have been characterized by N₂ adsorption at 77 K, X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM/EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface area increases with the vanadia loading from 24 m² g^–1 for pure TiO₂ to 87 m² g^–1 for 9 wt% of V₂O₅. The rutile form is predominant for pure TiO₂ but becomes enriched with anatase phase when vanadia loading is increased. No crystalline V₂O₅ phase was observed in the diffractograms of the catalysts. Analysis by SEM showed heterogeneous granulation of particles with high vanadium dispersion. Two species of surface vanadium were observed by FT-IR spectroscopy: a monomeric vanadyl and polymeric vanadates. The vanadyl/vanadate ratio remains practically constant. Ethanol oxidation was used as a catalytic test in a temperature range from 350 to 560 K. The catalytic activity starts around 380 K. For the sample with 9 wt% of vanadia, the conversion of ethanol into acetaldehyde as the main product was approximately 90% at 473 K.     

可见光响应的氯掺杂TiO2的制备、表征及其光催化活性

 采用HCl水解钛酸四丁酯制备了可见光响应的氯掺杂TiO2光催化剂,并用X射线衍射线、透射电子显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱等测试手段对其结构进行了表征. 结果表明,氯元素的引入降低了无定形相向锐钛矿转变以及锐钛矿向金红石相转变的温度. 300 ℃焙烧的氯掺杂TiO2吸收波长拓展到可见光区,且XPS证实氯元素以阴离子形式存在于TiO2晶格中. 苯酚降解实验表明, 在大于400 nm的可见光照射下, 300 ℃焙烧的氯掺杂TiO2具有最佳的光催化活性, 120 min时苯酚的降解率达到42.5%.     

TiO2光催化反应及其在环境保护中的应用

本文简要介绍了TiO2光催化剂的作用机理，讨论了影响TiO2光催化效率的因素及解决途径，综述了光催化在环境保护中的最新应用。     

介孔二氧化钛微球的合成与表征

以非离子型表面活性剂TO8为模板剂,采用溶胶凝胶-表面活性剂法合成了介孔TiO2微球．运用SEM,TG—DTA,XRD,BET,UV等测试手段对其进行表征并探讨了TO8的加入量和不同热处理方式对样品形貌、结构的影响．实验表明TiO2微球呈单分散性,球径约800nm;介孔结构,孔径约3．5nm且分布较窄．TiO2微球为单一锐钛矿相,在190～380nm范围内有强紫外吸收．热处理时采取分步焙烧、控制升温速率和高温焙烧时间,可获得比表面较大的介孔TiO2微球．     

过渡金属掺杂二氧化钛光催化性能的研究

采用浸渍法制备了过渡金属掺杂的光催化剂MOx/TiO2(M=Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu).以乙酸的光催化氧化降解反应为探针,研究了催化剂的光催化性能.研究结果表明,经过渡金属掺杂改性的二氧化钛,光催化性能都有所提高.掺杂量有一个最佳值,在最佳掺杂量时,催化剂光催化性能的提高程度与对应金属氧化物的生成焓有很好的一致性,还发现光催化性能与过渡金属离子稳定氧化态的电子亲和势与离子半径的比值间呈现火山型关系曲线.     

掺铁TiO2纳米微粒的制备及光催化性能

铁掺杂;苯酚降解;掺铁TiO2纳米微粒的制备及光催化性能     

催化湿式氧化苯酚的TiO2-CeO2催化剂的制备与表征

 采用共沉淀法制备了催化湿式氧化降解苯酚的TiO2-CeO2催化剂,通过单因素多次实验和正交实验两种不同的实验方式,考察了不同的制备条件如活性组分配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和老化过程的pH值等对催化剂活性的影响,证明了老化过程中保持较高pH值对于TiO2-CeO2催化剂的活性具有决定性作用. 当活性组分摩尔配比为1:1, 焙烧温度为450 ℃, 焙烧时间为5.0 h, 老化过程中pH保持为11时得到的催化剂,在反应温度为150 ℃, 氧分压为4.5 MPa的条件下,经90 min的反应,浓度为2.1 g/L的苯酚溶液COD去除率达到了93%. 通过热重差热、N2吸附-脱附、 X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析方法揭示了催化剂的微观结构. 结果表明, BET比表面积、表面吸附氧以及表面三价金属元素的相对含量等物理和化学结构特性对催化剂的活性有重要影响.     

Au/TiO2薄膜的制备及其光催化氧化对硝基苯酚的性能

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺杂Au的TiO2薄膜,考察了其光催化氧化对硝基苯酚的活性,并采用原子力显微镜、 X射线光电子能谱、热重-差示量热扫描和X射线衍射技术对薄膜进行了表征. 结果表明, Au/TiO2薄膜主要含有Ti, O, Au和C元素,其中Au主要以0价形式存在. 经高温焙烧后薄膜中的Au向表面聚集,随着焙烧温度的升高,薄膜表面逐渐变得粗糙,颗粒逐渐变大,薄膜的光催化活性下降. 与纯TiO2薄膜相比,掺杂Au的TiO2薄膜的光催化活性有所提高, 在673 K下焙烧的Au/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性较好,反应1 h后对硝基苯酚的降解率可以达到51.4%.