SPORES AND POLLEN IN CRUDE OILS AND PETROLEUM SOURCE OF TARIM BASIN

One hundred and forty-seven species of spores and pollen referred to 77 genera found in the crudeoil samples taken from four petroliferous provinces of the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang Provincehave been studied in this paper. By means of these spore and pollen fossils, the geological ages anddistribution of the petroleum source rocks of the basin are judged. Also, the principles and methodsto judge the petroleum source of a petroleum province by spore/pollen and other microfossils in crudeoils are explained.     

PREPARATION OF PVA/PAN PERVAPORATION COMPOSITE MEMBRANES AND THEIR SEPARATION PROPERTIES

制备了活性层厚度为１～１０μｍ的ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜并将其用于乙醇水混合物的分离。实验结果表明，热处理条件对复合膜的分离选择性、渗透通量及分离指数具有明显影响。确定了最佳热处理条件。     

[α-n-C_5H_(11)O]_4PcPd染料的溴化对性能的影响

合成了一种新的α位四戊氧基取代的钯酞菁 ,以其为原料作了不同程度的溴化反应并得到了一系列的酞菁染料溴化物 .实验证明 ,溴化后的酞菁染料最大吸收波长红移 ,摩尔消光系数降低 ,热稳定性也有所降低 ,热失重曲线发生了很大变化     

Experimental study on high-pressure rheology of water/crude oil emulsion in the presence of methane

The crude oil is in most cases accompanied with water and natural gas. For this reason, it is important to understand the rheology of the oil emulsion. There are already many works relating to rheology of the oil/water emulsion. However, studies on high-pressure rheology of water/crude oil emulsion in the presence of CH₄ are rare. In this work, light crude oil with characteristics of high wax content, which is typical in Northwest China, was studied. The rheology of water/crude oil emulsion in the presence of CH₄ under various conditions were fully studied. The results show that the crude oil emulsion showed obvious characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid at a lower temperature. Before water fraction reached a certain limit, the viscosity increases with the increase of water fraction, when water fraction reaches and exceeds the limit the emulsion viscosity drops with the increase of water fraction. The shear stress–shear rate curves become similar as the increase of temperature, indicating the decreasing effect of temperature on the relation between shear stress and shear rate. When the pressure reaches 8 MPa, the shear stress measured with CH₄ in the system surpasses that measured without CH₄. At higher pressure, CH₄ shows obvious influence on the rheology.     

原油中环烷酸的分离与分析方法研究进展

综述原油中环烷酸的分离与分析方法。分离方法包括化学反应分离、吸附分离以及利用某些金属氧化物或过渡金属盐络合物分离的方法等。分析方法主要叙述了质谱分析法。     

水煤浆制备过程中浆体抗搅拌性能的研究

选用两种不同类型的分散剂，考察了１１种不同变质程度煤在高浓度煤浆制备过程中的浆体抗搅拌性能。发现高浓度煤浆制备对应的最佳搅拌强度不仅与分散剂的种类有关，而且取决于煤的变质程度。浆体抗搅拌性能随制浆用煤的变质程度的提高而增强，从而使较高变质程度煤的高浓度煤浆制备需在较高的搅拌强度下进行，才能最大限度地提高煤的成浆性。相关分析表明，煤表面分布的羧基、酚羟基等亲水性基团对浆体抗搅拌性会产生重要影响，煤表面此类基团的含量较高或吸水性较强时可使高浓度煤浆制备的最佳搅拌强度大幅度降低。     

聚乙烯醇与硬脂酸酯化反应及性能的研究

聚乙烯醇 (ＰＶＡ)具有良好的成纤成膜性能 ,膜的阻氧性、透明性、抗静电性、韧性、印刷性和耐化学性能优异 ,用途广泛 .ＰＶＡ的缺点是吸湿性大 ,耐水性差 ,熔融加工困难和热稳定性低 .吸湿后 ,ＰＶＡ的强度仅为其干强度的 55%～ 60 % ,膜的阻氧性下降 .ＰＶＡ在 1 60℃开始分子内脱水 ,2 30℃时开始分子间脱水变脆 .由于分子内和分子间有大量氢键存在 ,ＰＶＡ熔融温度高 ,不能熔融加工 ,而溶液成型工艺复杂、成本高、难于制备厚壁和形状复杂的制品 .降低熔融温度、提高热稳定性能是实现ＰＶＡ熔融加工成型的必要条件 .国内外在采用马来酸…     

二氧化钛基固体超强酸的结构及其光催化氧化性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了多孔性,大比表面积的ＳＯ４＾２－／ＴｉＯ２固体超强催化剂,运用ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ比表面积测定,ＸＰＳ和ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ反射光谱等技术对该催化剂的结构,表面状态以及半导体特征进行了表征,并通过ＣＨ３Ｂｒ,Ｃ６Ｈ６和Ｃ２Ｈ４等典型有机物的气相光催化氧化反应。     

超浓反相聚合物乳液的粒径双峰分布特征及其与稳定性的关系

以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸作为混合单体,Span-80和Tween-60作为复合乳化剂、采用氧化还原引发体系在常温下引发聚合,制备了稳定的超浓反相聚合物乳液,同时制备了低分散相体积分数的普通乳液及由普通乳液离心得到的超浓反相聚合物乳液作为对比研究.用显微镜观察了乳胶粒的形态,统计计算了乳胶粒粒径...     

风化煤腐植酸与Ca(H2PO4)2相互作用机理的研究

采用化学法及ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ等综合解析手段,研究了风化煤腐植酸（ＨＡ）、腐植酸钾（ＨＡ－Ｋ）与磷酸一钙「Ｃａ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２」之间的反应特征,探讨了二者的反应机理。结果表明,磷酸一钙与ＨＡ基本未发生反应,而与ＨＡ－Ｋ反应后生成ＫＨ２ＰＯ４以及ＨＡ与ＣａＨＰＯ４的有机－无机复合物,但该复合物不太稳定,在水溶液中易水解生成腐植酸钙（ＨＡ－Ｃａ）和Ｃａ（Ｈ２ＰＯ４）２。本研究将为研制以煤炭腐植酸为基     

12-钨钼硅系杂多酸的热稳定性和酸催化性能的研究

引言近年来,杂多酸及其盐炎在催化领域内受到人们的普遍关注.对以P为杂原子的杂多酸的热稳定性和酸性已有大量研究报道.对以Si为杂原子的12-钼硅酸和12-钨硅酸虽也有过考察,但系统研究改变多原子组成对12-钨钼硅系杂多酸的热稳定性和酸性的影响则尚未见报道.本文考察了H_4SiMo_(12-n)W_nO_(40)(n=0,3,6,9,12)的热稳定性和酸催化性能.     

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SURFACTANT A QUICK AND PRECISE METHOD

The characterization of a surfactant through the HLB method is widely used; however it has several shortcomings. The experimental method based on the stability maximum is often inaccurate and tedious. Furthermore, the method does not take into account the effects of electrolytes, alcohols and temperature

The new method of characterization is based on the attainment of optimum formulation for three-phase behavior and minimum interfacial tension, and the use of linear mixing rules. The experiments are readily carried out, and yield an accuracy equivalent to 0·1 HLB unit

The characterization can be performed with one or two base surfactants, and the resulting surfactant parameter, which may be expressed as HLB, is independent of the other conditions, i.e., oil type, alcohol type and concentration, electrolyte type and concentration, and temperature. The method is related to the PIT and EACN_min concepts.     

蓖麻油聚氨酯和乙烯类聚合物互穿网络材料的生成特点及其动态力学性能

研究蓖麻油聚氨酯/取代乙烯共聚物的互穿网络物(IPN)的生成特点指出,其中取代乙烯游离基共聚的氧化还原引发剂组份-过氧化苯甲酰或二甲基苯胺都能加速聚氨酯网络(Pu)的生成。反应温度在 30℃以上蓖麻油也能参与游离基共聚。蓖麻油不仅与TDI反应生成Pu网络,而且也有小部分参与取代乙烯共聚物长枝链的形成。Pu网络的形成较长枝链的生成为快。生成Pu网络时所放出的热促进取代乙烯与少量蓖麻油的双键共聚,最后生成的IPN不溶于甲苯。这表明生成的是接技的半IPN,而不是单纯的半IPN。动态力学研究指出,包含聚苯乙烯或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的这种IPN呈现二个T_g,而只包含聚丙烯腈的仅一个T_g,说明后一IPN中相容性较好,有较多的分子混合。随着聚氨酯与聚取代乙烯的比例减少,二个T_g间的差距减少,而较高温度的T_g随取代乙烯共聚物中丙烯腈含量增加而变小。     

高水相W／O型乳化膏体油膜稳定性的研究

高水相Ｗ／Ｏ型乳液是指水相体积占７４％以上，属于高度不稳定的分散体系［１，２］．乳化炸药的问世，使这种高水相Ｗ／Ｏ型乳液有了新的实际应用．这种炸药是９０％～９５％重的硝酸铵盐（占水相８０％～９０％重）水溶液高度分散在５％～１０％的油相中构成Ｗ／Ｏ型乳...     

正离子光固化聚硅氧烷的合成及其环氧树脂复合固化膜的性能

以含氢聚硅氧烷(PMHS)分别与甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯(HFMA)和烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE),经氯铂酸催化硅氢加成反应将甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯和烯丙基缩水甘油醚引入聚硅氧烷的侧链,合成了3种含氟量不同的含氟代烃侧基/环氧侧基聚硅氧烷(EFPS),用FTIR、1H-NMR和13C-NMR进行了结构表征,将这类聚硅氧烷与环氧树脂...     

SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER-STABILIZED PLATINUM/RUTHENIUM BIMETALLIC COLLOIDS AND THEIR CATALYTIC PROPERTIES FOR SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF CROTONALDEHYDE

Polymer-stabilized platinum/ruthenium bimetallic colloids （Pt/Ru） were synthesized by polyol reduction with microwave irradiation and characterized by TEM and XPS. The colloidal nanoparticles have small and narrow size distributions. Catalytic performance of the Pt/Ru colloidal catalysts was investigated on the selective hydrogenation of crontonaldehyde （CRAL）. A suitable amount of the added metal ions and base can improve the selectivity of CRAL to crotylalcohol （CROL） remarkably. The catalytic activity and the selectivity are dependent on the compositions of bimetallic colloids. Thereinto, PVP-stabilized 9Pt/1Ru colloid with a molar ratio of metals Pt：Ru = 9：1 shows the highest catalytic selectivity 77.3% to CROL at 333 K under 4.0 MPa of hydrogen.     

分散剂表面吸附特性和相关电化学性质对煤浆分散体系流变特性的影响

采用１７种不同变质程度的中国煤，详细研究了一种阴离子型分散剂在煤表面的吸附特性及其相关的表面电化学性质对煤成浆性及浆体流变特性的影响。结果表明，煤成浆性及浆体流变性并不单独取决于煤对分散剂的吸附量和煤表面动电位的大小。反映煤成浆性的浆体最高煤浆浓度取决于分散剂在煤表面的Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ饱和吸附量Γｓ和相应动电位ξｓ的乘积Γｓ×ξｓ，而浆体流变指数则依赖于两者比值的大小Γｓ／ξｓ。表明水煤浆分散体系中煤颗粒的分散一方面是靠静电分散作用来实现，另一方面，分散剂在煤表面的吸附所产生的非静电分散作用也起了重要作用。同时，分散剂的表面吸附使煤表面产生的吸附荷电效应不能过高，否则，会对流体流变性不利。     

PREPRARATION OF CoPcS/TiO2/BEADS AND THEIR PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTIVITY FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF VEGETABLE OIL FLOATING ON WATER

The paper introduces the preparation of floating TiO2/beads photocalyst attached to the hollow glass micro-beads surface by sol-gel technique using tetrabutyl titanate as material and the preparation of floating CoPcS/TiO2/beads by dip-coatig technique. The optimal factor of degradation of vegetable oil floating on water using CoPcS/TiO2/beads was studied. The result showed that the removal rate of vegetable oil floating on water can highly reach 90% at the optimal condition （acidity or neutrality, 375W medium-pressure mercury vapour lamp, illumination 2h-3h, lg CoPcS/TiO2/beads）. The photocatalytic removal efficiency causing by CoPcS/TiO2/beads was increased rapidly by adding a trace amount of H2O2.     

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION OF DIAMIDE-DIIMIDE-DIAMINES BASED ON L-CYSTEINE AMINO ACID AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE THERMAL PROPERTIES OF DIGLYCIDYL ETHER OF BISPHENOL-A (DGEBA)

The curing behavior of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A(DGEBA) with aromatic diamide-diimide-diamines having aryl ether,sulfone and methylene linkages was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Nine diamide-diimide-diamines of varying structure were synthesized by reacting 1 mole of dianhydride with 2 moles of L-cysteine(S) in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine(3:2 V/V) followed by activation with thionyl chloride(SOCl_2) and then condensation with excess of diamines.Structural characterizat...