Anti-phase wave patterns in a ring of electrically coupled oscillatory neurons

Space-time dynamics of the network system modeling collective behavior of electrically coupled nonlinear cells is investigated. The dynamics of a local cell is described by the dimensionless Morris–Lecar system. It is shown that such a system yields a special class of traveling localized collective activity so called “anti-phase wave patterns”. The mechanisms of formation of the patterns are discussed and the region of their existence is obtained by using the weakly coupled oscillators theory.     

方向耦合器结构参量的新型设计方法

本文应用束传播与重叠积分方法,考虑输入波导区、耦合区和输出波导区整体结构,提出了方向耦合器结构参量的新型设计方法.与耦合模及局部模等方法相比,该方法具有计算简便,结果精确等优点.     

Theoretical calculation of magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe films on Cu(100)

The temperature dependence of the magnetization in fcc Fe on Cu(100) is calculated using a self-consistent local mean-field theory. The model reproduces an experimental magnetization oscillation as a function of film thickness and supports a picture where the top two layers are ferromagnetically coupled, and the remaining layers are antiferromagnetically coupled. The origin of the puzzling linear temperature dependence in oscillation amplitude is understood as a "surface phenomena" of the antiferromagnetic layer at the Fe/Cu interface. Proximity effects between a thin antiferromagnet with a low Neel temperature and a neighboring ferromagnet with a higher Curie temperature are discussed.     

Paramagnetic susceptibility of an interacting electron gas at metallic densities

We present a self-consistent theory for the frequency and wave number dependent paramagnetic response of an interacting electron gas. The theory leads to an expression for the ‘local field’ responsible for the susceptibility enhancement, which is determined numerically by solving three coupled non-linear integral equations. Calculated values of the static susceptibility are in good agreement with experiment for simple metals in the entire metallic density range.     

Coupling sensitivity of chaos: Theory and further numerical evidence

A theory as well as some new numerical evidence are presented for the coupling sensitivity of chaos (CSC) in the context of coupled one-dimensional maps. The theory not only explains the logarithmically singular behavior of the Lyuapunov exponents induced by coupling (i.e. the CSC), but also reveals that fluctuations of the local divergence rate of nearby trajectories are indispensable for chaos to be coupling-sensitive.     

Optical second-harmonic generation in coupled double two-level quantum wells

On the baisis of a microscopic local-field theory, a non-local analysis of the second harmonic generation arising from intersubband transitions in coupled double quantum wells is presented. Taking as a start point an integral equation for the local field, the local fields at both the fundamental and second harmonic frequencies for a p-polarized incident field are determined. In a reflection geometry, the conversion efficiency of the second harmonic generation from the coupled double quantum wells is derived. Numerical calculations for different parameters show that the influence of the electronic non-local effects on the second harmonic generation can be significant.     

Detection of local-moment formation using the resonant interaction between coupled quantum wires

We study the influence of many-body interactions on the transport characteristics of a pair of quantum wires that are coupled to each other by means of a quantum dot. Under conditions where a local magnetic moment is formed in one of the wires, tunnel coupling to the other gives rise to an associated peak in its density of states, which can be detected directly in a conductance measurement. Our theory is therefore able to account for the key observations in the recent study of T. Morimoto et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett., ()]], and demonstrates that coupled quantum wires may be used as a system for the detection of local magnetic-moment formation.     

Molecular dipole static polarisabilities and hyperpolarisabilities of conjugated oligomer chains calculated with the local π-electron coupled cluster theory

A new semi-empirical π-electron local coupled cluster theory has been developed to calculate static dipole polarisabilities and hyperpolarisabilities of extended π-conjugated systems. The key idea of the approach is the use of the ethylene molecular orbitals as the orbital basis set for π-conjugated compounds (the method is termed the Covalent Unbonded Molecules of Ethylene method, cue). Test calculations of some small model organic conjugated compounds demonstrate high accuracy of the version of the cue local coupled cluster theory developed in this work in comparison with the π-electron full configuration interaction (FCI) method. Calculations of different conjugated carbon-based oligomer chains (polyenes, polyynes, polyacenes, polybenzocyclobutadiene, etc.) demonstrate fast convergence (per π-electron) of the polarisability and hyperpolarisability values in the calculations when more classes of orbital excitations are included in the coupled cluster single and double (CCSD) excitation operator. The results show qualitatively correct dependence on the system size.     

Universal dynamical control of local decoherence for multipartite and multilevel systems

A unified theory is given of dynamically modified decay and decoherence of field-driven multilevel multipartite entangled states that are weakly coupled to zero-temperature baths or undergo random phase fluctuations. The theory allows for arbitrary local differences in their coupling to the environment. Due to such differences, the optimal driving-field modulation to ensure maximal fidelity is found to substantially differ from conventional “Bang-Bang” or π-phase flips of the single-qubit evolution.     

超声耦合振动与“局部共振”现象

本文从耦合振动的角度出发，对超声加工系统中出现的“局部共振”现象进行了研究，通过对振动系统的分析用计算，指出“局部共振”流言是耦合振动的一种表现。     

多波型波导耦合本地正规波型的广义理论

在本文中作者提出了耦合本地正规波型的广义理论;它建立在作者在另一篇论文中提出的数学方法——“缓变系数法”的基础上。为了说明这种方法的应用,依次解出了考虑两个及三个耦合波型的缓变曲率波导弯曲问题。在两个耦合波型的情形下,所得结果与Louisell及Unger已得结果相符合。三个耦合波型的问题在以前的文献中尚未讨论过。本文讨论了所提出的理论及数学方法在其它方面的应用。     

Justification of the local space charge neutrality hypothesis in metal oxidation

The important local charge neutrality hypothesis in metal oxidation theory is shown numerically to be self-consistent with Poisson's equation and the coupled transport equations for diffusion of oppositely-charged ionic and electronic defect species deep within very thick growing oxides.     

Hypochromism and optical rotation in helical polymers

We show that the decreased light absorption and the anomalous optical rotatory dispersion in helical polynucleotides and polypeptides may be interpreted purely as a local field effect. The electric field of the incident light wave is screened off from each residue by the induced electric dipoles in the others. Quantum-mechanical calculations based on time-dependent Hartree theory and this local field picture correspond precisely with the formulae derived in Tinoco's, Rhodes's, and Moffitt's exciton theories, provided that the Coulomb interactions are small. The degenerate exciton waves in our theory correspond to normal modes of a set of coupled oscillators, and the rotational strengths and oscillator strengths are conserved. There is no conflict between Tinoco's theory of hypochromism and the ones proposed by Bolton and Weiss and by Nesbet. One new conclusion is that the energy shifts accompanying hypochromism should not vary much when the exciton coupling changes from the strong to the weak coupling limits.     

Analysis of lateral-spread photorefractive planar lenses

The photorefractive planar lens for converting a vertical incident plane wave to a lateral-spread spherical wave and vice versa, is suggested. Using the two-beam coupled-wave theory, the coupled wave equations are derived and their half-analytical solutions are also given in terms of an infinite series. The diffraction properties (beam profiles, diffraction efficiency) of the local volume grating in the lens are presented. And the focusing property of the lens is discussed and compared with that of an ideal convergent spherical wave. It is demonstrated that the suggested photorefractive planar lens shows a good focusing effect.     

Quantum Symmetries in the Maxwell–Chern–Simons Theory Coupled to Scalar Fields

The Maxwell-Chern-Simons gauge theory coupled to a complex scalar field is quantized in the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) path integral formalism. On the basis of the symmetries of a constrained canonical (Hamiltonian) system, we get the quantal conserved angular momentum of the system under the global symmetry transformation. It is shown that fractional spin also appears at the quantum level. The canonical Ward identities for this system are derived under local gauge transformation.     

Temporal decorrelation of collective oscillations in neural networks with local inhibition and long-range excitation

We consider two neuronal networks coupled by long-range excitatory interactions. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band are generated within each network by local inhibition. When long-range excitation is weak, these oscillations phase lock with a phase shift dependent on the strength of local inhibition. Increasing the strength of long-range excitation induces a transition to chaos via period doubling or quasiperiodic scenarios. In the chaotic regime, oscillatory activity undergoes fast temporal decorrelation. The generality of these dynamical properties is assessed in firing-rate models as well as in large networks of conductance-based neurons.     

长周期光纤光栅傅里叶模式耦合理论

建立了长周期光纤光栅傅里叶模式耦合理论.在分析同向模式耦合时,发现了同向耦合模式的振幅系数间存在傅里叶变换关系.推导了长周期光纤光栅的同向耦合谱和透射谱的通用表达式.该理论是用傅里叶变换分析得出长周期光纤光栅折射率微扰的空域谱,再对该空域谱进行模式同向耦合分析,从而得到长周期光纤光栅光谱特性的通用表达式.根据该理论模拟分析了长周期光纤光栅在不同长度和微扰幅值时的光谱特性,与传统耦合模理论进行了对比分析.结果表明,该长周期光纤光栅傅里叶模式耦合理论具有简单、精确和高效的特点,与实际长周期光纤光栅的透射谱特性一致.应用该理论可分析无过耦合的任意轴向折射率微扰分布的长周期光纤光栅光谱特性.     

Bragg光纤光栅傅里叶模式耦合理论

建立了Bragg光纤光栅傅里叶模式耦合理论.在分析光纤光栅的耦合模时,发现了耦合模式的振幅系数间存在傅里叶变换关系.推导了将傅里叶变换和模式耦合融合在一起的Bragg光纤光栅反射谱和透射谱的通用表达式.该理论是用傅里叶变换得到Bragg光纤光栅折射率微扰的空域谱,再对该空域谱进行模式耦合分析计算,从而得到Bragg光纤光栅的光谱特性.根据该理论,仿真分析了Bragg光纤光栅的谱特性,与耦合模理论、直接傅里叶变换法进行了对比分析.结果表明,傅里叶模式耦合理论与传统的耦合模理论及实际Bragg光纤光栅的光谱特性一致,具有简单、清晰、直接、精确和分析效率高的特点,可分析任意轴向折射率微扰分布的Bragg光纤光栅结构.     

The symmetries in the Maxwell－Chern－Simons theory coupled to matter fields

The Maxwell－Chern－Simons gauge theory coupled to a complex scalar field is quantized in the Becchi－Rouet－Stora－Tyutin path integral formalism. Based on the symmetries of a constrained canonical (Hamiltonian) system, we obtain the quantal conserved angular momentum of the system under the global symmetry transformation. It is shown that fractional spin also appears at the quantum level. The canonical Ward identities for this system are derived under local gauge transformation.