折射率偏离-1时的平板成像特性及改善

根据基尔霍夫衍射理论,对其衍射公式数值进行积分计算,推导出负折射平板折射率偏离-1时像点附近的光强分布,并用MATLAB画出了相应的光强分布图。研究表明,当折射率偏离-1时,像点附近的光强分布在z方向不再对称,但在x方向依然保持对称,不对称随折射率偏差增大而增大,像点光强变得较分散,且存在伴峰。如果把物点放在对应半径曲面的齐明点处,可以很好地消除球差,但像点位置与n′=-1时有所不同。     

A differential method for calculation of aspherical surfaces using polynomial approximation

A simple method is described for the correction of the spherical aberration using one aspherical surface represented by a polynomial approximation. The same principle is useful for the design of aplanatic systems containing two aspherical surfaces.Finally, the author wishes to convey his thanks to Mr. J. Vondich (Institute of Physics, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) for performing the calculations.     

透射凸二次非球面检验方法的研究

透射凸二次非球面具有自消球差的能力。只要像距、物距、材料的折射率及二次曲面系数之间满足一定的条件 ,则物点与像点就具有消球差的成像关系。研究了二次非球面系数e2 值与成像放大率 β 的关系 ,目的在于为透射凸二次非球面的检验找到普遍适用的范围。实例计算和实际的应用表明 ,对于中小口径的凸非球面来说 ,透射补偿法是比较实用的检验方法 ,特别是此种方法可以检验一些凸的扁球面。     

非齐明点成像的X-射线波带板制造中的应用

软X射线成像需用高分辨率波带板(Zone plate)。本文分析了齐明系统非齐明点球差特性。利用这种特性可以产生制作高分辨率X射线波带板所需的两束非球面波。文中还给出了合肥国家同步辐射实验室光束线所用的软X射线波带板的结构参数和制造这种波带板的光学系统。     

Design and Fabrication of Integrated-Optic Disk Pickup on LiNbO_3 Substrate

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Structured Surfaces for Generation of Negative Index of Refraction

Materials with negative index of refraction have properties that are not naturally available. Such properties can be used to develop novel devices like the superlens which can surpass the diffraction limit. Optical cloaking can be achieved through this negative refractive index method. This article reviews the progress made in the area of negative refractive index materials from the first generation of negative electrical permittivity to the demonstration of negative index of refraction at optical frequency, with the relevant discussion on the physics of these materials. The prime focus of this article is on experimental demonstrations and fabrication related issues of negative refractive index materials which makes use of structured surfaces.     

折射等光程面与傍轴成像球面之间的关系

利用费马原理得到了两个齐明点之间折射等光程面的曲面方程,然后得到了折射等光程面顶点(即齐明点连线与折射面的交点)处的曲率半径表达式,它与球面傍轴成像公式具有完全相同的形式.这说明,傍轴成像中的球面与折射等光程面之间存在联系.分析发现,傍轴成像球面实际上就是对顶点处曲率半径等于该球面半径,并在顶点处与该球面相切的一系列折射等光程面的近似.     

Design and Fabrication of Integrated-Optic Disk Pickup on LiNbO3 Substrate

An integrated-optic disk pickup device has been realized on a LiNbO3 substrate. The device is constructed by integrating an aplanatic double-convex aspherical waveguide lens (ADCAWL), a twin-grating focusing beam splitter (TGFBS) and two waveguide deflecting prisms (WDP) on a Ti∶LiNbO3 planar waveguide. The design considerations and fabrication of prototype device are summarized.     

折反射系统中的梯度折射率校正板

本文给出了一种类似于施密特非球面校正板作用的梯度折射率介质平板,这种介质是一种弱径向梯度折射率介质。     

关于部分偏振光能量传递和偏振态的光线椭圆分析方法

部分偏振光传播时的光强和偏振态变化情况比较复杂, 尤其是当大数值孔径成像时, 光束的偏振态还会影响成像质量. 本文提出一种用于分析部分偏振光能量传递和偏振态的光线椭圆方法, 采用光线椭圆叠加的办法来分析光束在各向同性的均匀介质中传输时能量和偏振态的变化情况, 同时直观性好, 计算量小. 论文最后, 对大数值孔径、 高像质的齐明透镜系统讨论了入射无偏振光的能量、 偏振态变化, 以及偏振效应问题. 结果表明, 大数值孔径使成像光束中TM偏振光强度相对增加, 影响成像对比度; 提高像方介质的折射率, 会改善此种偏振效应问题.     

集成光学平板光盘读出头研制

采用集成光学方法,将非球面消球差双凸波导透镜、双光栅会聚光波导透镜、光波导转向棱镜单片集成在铌酸锂基底上构成光学平板光盘读出头.集成光学平板光盘读出头克服了微透镜光盘读出头体积大、组装复杂的不足,实现了光盘读出头的集成化,提高了系统的可靠性.光斑理论值0.475 μm,实测值0.67 μm.     

含有三个非球面的卡塞格林系统光学设计

介绍了一种含三个非球面的卡塞格林系统的设计思想，给出了一个设计结果。焦距２．８ｍ，Ｆ／５．６，视场３．２°，主镜、次镜均为６次方非球面，场镜含一４次方非球面，成像质量接近衍射极限，畸变也得到了校正。     

Aspherical lens shapes for focusing synchrotron beams

Aspherical surfaces required for focusing collimated and divergent synchrotron beams using a single refractive element (lens) are reviewed. The Cartesian oval, a lens shape that produces perfect point‐to‐point focusing for monochromatic radiation, is studied in the context of X‐ray beamlines. Optical surfaces that approximate ideal shapes are compared. Results are supported by ray‐tracing simulations. Elliptical lenses, rather than parabolic, are preferred for nanofocusing X‐rays because of the higher peak and lower tails in the intensity distribution. Cartesian ovals will improve the gain when using high‐demagnification lenses of high numerical aperture.     

用双液芯柱透镜测量蔗糖水溶液的液相扩散系数

基于双液芯柱透镜的折射率空间分辨测量精度高的特点,本文采用两种方法在室温(25℃)下分别测量了不同浓度的蔗糖水溶液的液相扩散系数。方法一:等折射率薄层移动法,通过记录扩散过程中特定折射率薄层随时间的变化关系计算液相扩散系数。方法二:瞬态图像分析法,通过读取一幅瞬态扩散图像中图像宽度与扩散位置之间的关系确定液相扩散系数。双液芯柱透镜的前液芯作为扩散池和主要成像元件,后液芯作为消球差辅助系统。充分利用了双液芯柱透镜可以按需减小特定液体薄层处的球差以及能够在一定的折射率范围内同时减小球差,两种方法均具有测量精度高的特点。两种方法的测量结果与文献值的相对误差分别小于1.3%和3.9%,表明用双液芯柱透镜测量液相扩散系数时,测量系统稳定可靠,测量结果准确。     

Negative refractive index in non-resonance spectrum area

A new concept to realize negative refractive index in non-resonance spectrum using chiral metamaterial is proposed.A low-index metamaterial is added to diminish the effective refractive index of the combined structure.Simulation and material parameter retrieval procedures are carried out to determine material performances.Results show evidence of negative refractive index and strong optical activity in the new chiral metamaterial.     

多功能非球面光学加工机床的设计与改装

本文介绍了精化设计改装的多功能非球面光学加工机床的结构原理、技术参数、各种非球面光学零件的成型与抛光方法。该机床可加工球面、平面、回转二次非球面、圆柱面、椭圆柱面、超环面以及简形非球面等多种光学零件。文章从工艺角度出发进行了机构运动学分析,并介绍了超光滑非球面加工的应用实例,指出了现有机床的优缺点和进一步探讨的方向。     

Anomaly in a high-numerical-aperture diffractive focusing lens

We show an anomalous behavior in a diffractive lens in which the spot size at the focus reaches a minimum at a numerical aperture of ~0.5 and then increases significantly at higher values. Theoretical and experimental results are presented, along with a comparison with refractive aplanatic lenses, in which the anomaly does not appear to exist.     

The influence of pressure on the refractive index of castor oil up to 0.8 GPa

Abstract

The application of a novel fiber-optic technique for the determination of the refractive index of liquids under high pressure is outlined. The present method is based on th measurements of the scattered light intensity on certain types of rough surfaces. Here we present the effect of pressure on the refractive index of castor oil. A significant increase of the refractive index has been observed in the whole range of pressure up to 0.8 GPa.     

非球面复制成型技术的研究

光学非球面复制成型技术是一种通过面形转移的方法成型光学非球面的技术,即将高精度非球面光学元件(母模)的表面利用脱模膜和胶粘剂转移到球面光学元件(基体)的表面上,并保持原非球面光学元件的光学品质,使球面变成非球面。介绍了该技术的基本原理以及所进行的工艺实验(镀膜、脱模、胶合等),给出了母模和复制件的面形图,证明了该技术用于中小口径非球面光学元件的制造具有较高的精度。