Analysis and Numerical Calculations of the Beam-Wave Interaction for Gyroklystron Amplifiers

A four-cavity gyroklystron was designed and optimized after analysis and calculation of RF system and magnetron injection gun, numerical simulations showed that the TE₀₁₁ mode gyroklystron achieved 280kW peak output power, 38% efficiency, 35dB saturated gain with 250Mhz bandwidth centered at 34GHz for a 68 kV, 11A electron beam. The numerical simulation results were used to build a Ka band high power gyroklystron amplifier. In this paper, analysis and numerical calculation results of the beam-wave interaction are presented. The influences of electron beam, RF system parameters, magnetic field, and input RF signal on output power, efficiency, bandwidth and gain are discussed.     

Design and Performnance of a Three-Cavity Gyroklystron Amplifier

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is investigating the gyroklystron amplifier (GKA) concept. The purpose of this program is to assess GKA characteristics in order to determine if such a device is capable of achieving the high efficiency, gain, and output power predicted by numerous studies. The first in a series of tubes to examine GKA behavior has been fabricated and is currently under testing. This tube utilizes three rectangular cavities operating in the TE101 mode. Design goals included 100-kW output power, 30-percent efficiency, 40-dB gain, and operation at a center frequency of 4.5 GHz. Test results have shown reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions. In particular, efficiencies as high as 33 percent have been observed with a saturated output power of 52 kW. Bandwidths of 0.4 percent have been measured. In addition, the device can be operated under certain conditions as a phase-locked oscillator. These results suggest that the desirable characterstics which have been predicted for the GKA can be realized with a microwave tube.     

Preliminary Design of a Ka-Band Second Harmonic Gyroklystron Amplifier

The preliminary design of a Ka-band, second harmonic, three cavities gyroklystron amplifier is presented. The beam-wave interaction in the second harmonic gyroklystron amplifier is studied by using a particle-in-cell code, and the validity of the design of the microwave circuit is also discussed. The results show that this gyroklystron can produce an output peak power of over 200kW with 20dB gain and 20% maximum efficiency at 35GHz.     

3 mm波段回旋速调管放大器设计与粒子模拟

设计了一支3 mm 波段基波回旋速调管,该回旋速调管工作在低损耗的TE01模式,包含四个谐振腔。首先使用线性理论确定工作参数的大致范围, 然后采用HFSS软件设计单个谐振腔,通过调整谐振腔尺寸和腔壁介质层参数使谐振腔的谐振频率和Q值符合设计要求, 最后使用粒子模拟程序优化设计了回旋速调管的互作用电路,研究了谐振腔参差调谐方案, Q值对回旋速调管性能的影响, 互作用电路的稳定性以及电子注参数变化对注-波互作用性能的影响。PIC粒子模拟结果表明,在电子注电压65 kV, 电流6 A, α(V⊥/V∥)1.5, 工作磁场3.6 T时,回旋速调管的3 dB带宽约为600 MHz,在93.7 GHz获得139 kW 的峰值输出功率,效率为35.6%,增益为28.4 dB。模拟中没有考虑电子注速度零散的影响。     

A High-Gain, 28GHz, 200kW Gyroklystron Amplifier

A design study of a high efficiency/gain gyroklystron amplifier is performed to demonstrate amplified radiation power of 200kW operating at 28GHz. A key design feature of the present gyroklystron amplifier is that the amplifier is designed to be high gain so that it can be saturated by a low power solid state power amplifier. A non-linear, time-dependent, large signal numerical code is used to predict tube performance. Simulations predict that a stable amplifier radiation power of 214kW is produced with a saturated gain of 54dB, an electronic efficiency of 37%, and a frequency bandwidth of 0.3% from a five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The amplifier gain is found to be very sensitive to a beam velocity spread.     

光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计问题

根据拉曼放大的基本方程,从增益介质、抽运光源和抽运方式三个方面提出光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计原则,并给出理论计算结果。     

Investigation of Fiber Design for Discrete Raman Amplifiers

A eff,R and gR of the optical fibers for discrete Raman amplifiers are theoretically and experimentally investigated.It is demonstrated that Gaussian approximation is adaptable for Aeff,R of these fibers, and gR does not depend on only core materials.     

双向抽运光纤拉曼放大器的优化设计算法

基于双向抽运拉曼放大器的功率耦合方程 ,采用遗传算法和级链的全局收敛的Broyden方法 ,提出一种优化设计不同形式双向抽运宽带光纤拉曼放大器的自动配置算法。该算法的特点是计算速度快、收敛性好、适应面广。通过对单光纤的分布式、具有不同增益要求的分立式以及不同周期的色散管理结构的分布式双向抽运拉曼放大器的设计表明 :在 10THz的增益带宽内 ,放大器的增益平坦度均优于± 0 .6dB ,表明了该算法的可行性。此方法为采用双向抽运技术的拉曼放大器及其相应的全拉曼光纤传输系统的设计提供了一个公共平台     

970nm反射式垂直腔半导体光放大器的设计与制作

设计并制作了970 nm反射式垂直腔半导体光放大器(VCSOA),基于放大器结构,对放大器的噪声特性、增益和带宽特性进行了实验研究和理论分析.研究了反射式放大器的增益与垂直腔半导体激光器出光口径的关系,发现增益随着出光口径的增大而增大.对于970 nm的信号光,经过出光口径为400 μm的VCSOA后,最高获得了26 ...     

Optimal Design of Thin Film Filters for IR Integrated Photonic Amplifiers

This paper addresses in the design of thin film filter for IR broadband integrated photonic amplifiers. A cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter structure is presented. This proposed filter consists of some different filtering unit cells with different central wavelength and bandwidth, and each cell can suppress certain peak gain at a specific wavelength. The intrinsical gain spectrum of amplifier is obtained by solving a set of rate and power propagation equations with finite difference time-domain(FDTD)-based overlapping integral-Runge Kutter(RK) method. The effect of transmittance spectrum of the proposed cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter on flattening gain is discussed. The transmission function of the cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter is obtained. Finally, a real device is fabricated, it is shown that the design is valid.     

Optical Fibre Amplifiers: Materials,Devices and Applications

Optical and Quantum Electronics -     

1.55 μm偏振无关半导体光放大器腔面减反膜的研制

设计并制作了1.55 μm偏振无关半导体光放大器腔面TiO2/SiO2多层减反膜, 工艺过程中设计并使用了反射率实时监控装置, 得到了低于5×10－4的腔面剩余反射率. 器件测试结果表明, 管芯在250 mA电流下仍处于未激射状态, 表明减反膜有效抑制了芯片的激射. 半导体光放大器的自发辐射（ASE）谱波动在0.4 dB以下, 3 dB带宽大于52 nm, 半导体光放大器小信号增益近27 dB, 在1520~1580 nm波长范围内偏振灵敏度小于0.5 dB.     

Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of a Four-cavity TE021-Mode Gyroklystron

Using self-consistent field theory and PIC simulation, the interaction of electron flow with HF fields in a four-cavity Gyroklystron with TE₀₂₁-mode has been analyzed. Self-consistent field theory includes both linear theory and nonlinear theory. Optimized parameters and their corresponding efficiency, gain and bandwidth of the optimized Gyroklystron have been found. Numerical investigation using PIC simulation is also given. Parameters of the cavities which are operating in TE₀₂₁ mode are optimized to minimize TE₀₁₁ mode and to suppress parasitic self-oscillations. The results of theory are in good qualitative agreement with PIC simulation. This work is supported by the Chinese Natural Science Foundation under Contract 60532     

小型超高压装置的设计原理及研究进展

高压研究对于寻找高压新相、制备新材料、探索地球深部奥秘具有重要的意义,但高压研究的发展却受到高压技术水平的制约。针对小型超高压装置,简要回顾了普遍使用的金刚石对顶砧(Diamond Anvil Cell,DAC)、Paris-Edinburgh Press(P-E型压力装置)的发展历史,论述了DAC、P-E型压力装置、Palm Cubic-Anvil Cell(P-CAC)、Miniature Cubic-Anvil Cell(M-CAC)等小型超高压装置的设计原理与研究进展,总结了小型高压装置存在的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

掺铒光纤激光放大的研究

本文研究了描述掺铒光纤激光放大的速率方程解,分析了光纤中几种场分布和铒离子横向分布时的解析解,并进行了数值计算.得到了任意信号强度(包括大信号)时的增益以及影响信号增益的主要参数,利用532nm激光泵浦掺铒光纤,得到信号的最大增益为29.5dB.     

Simulation Performance of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers

In this paper, a simple approach is introduced to simulate the main performance of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by using two empirical formulas to calculate saturated gain and corresponding noise figure. Then conflict equations are presented to improve this approach. At the end of the paper the comparison of calculation results before and after improvement is given. It has been shown to be more accurate.     

Polarization of Tapered Semiconductor Travelling-Wave Amplifiers

The polarization of a tapered semi-conductor travelling-wave amplifier has been investigated with the transfer matrix method based on convective equation. It is shown that the apparent polarization mode competition exists, and polarization-independent tapered semiconductor travellingwave amplifiers can be obtained through the optimization of amplifier parameters.     

Matrix-Based Polarization Analysis and Application of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

Employing the Mueller matrix method with polar decomposition, we analyse the polarization rotation (PR) effects in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and demonstrate that the PR angle is linear to the birefringence dependent gain while the average PR coefficient is about 0.625 for the employed SOA. It is further evident that the current and optical intensity dependent PRs rotate reversely around the same axis. Thus we propose an optical-electric synchronous control scheme to obtain orthogonal polarization states with power-equalization, and implement it by a polarization-sensitive SOA. The polarization duration time is about 10 ns which is applicable to high-speed polarization state generation.     

Transient Response and Control of Pump-Reflecting Raman Fiber Amplifiers

Abstract

This article analyzes the transient effect in pump-reflecting Raman fiber amplifiers. In order to better understand the impact of reflecting the unused pump power in the amplifier behavior, several scenarios are investigated. Results show that this pumping scheme has a worse response to dynamic channel add/drop. However, a pump-controlled gain-locked system is proposed that is able to mitigate the amplifier transient response. Following this approach, an efficient low-cost Raman fiber amplifier suitable for dynamic optical networks is obtained.     

CiADS固态功率源的可用性设计与分析

ADS加速器面临的一大技术挑战是高可用性要求,进行固态功率源可用性设计是为ADS加速器的可用性设计与分析做准备。首先对CiADS的可用性要求进行了分配,固态功率源的分配结果为0.999;然后对固态功率源进行了初步可用性设计,分析的结果无法满足要求;最后对固态功率源进行了冗余设计,使用Reliasoft软件建立了固态功率源的可靠性框图,分析结果显示:满足一定的维修条件下,当其他元件的平均故障间隔时间（MTBF）达到171 702 h,25/28冗余设计可以满足0.999的可用性要求。One of the challenging technologies of ADS is the high availability requirement. The availability design of the solid-state amplifier is the preparation for ADS. Firstly the availability requirement of CiADS is proposed as 0.8. The distribution result of the solid-state amplifier is 0.999 according to this requirement. Then the availability result shows the preliminary design of solid-state amplifiers can not reach the availability requirement. At last the power loss is considered to build the k/N redundancy model of the main amplifier and the mean time between failure (MTBF) is calculated for various redundancy models. The reliability block diagram of the solid-state amplifier is set up by Reliasoft and the simulation results show that the 25/28 redundancy model can meet the requirement 0.999 when MTBF of other components reaches 171 702 hours with the certain maintenance.