过渡金属杂原子Y型分子筛的合成及表征

采用水热法合成了含过渡金属(Ti,Fe)的Y型分子筛,通过XRD、FT-IR、UV-vis-DRS和TG等对其进行了表征.结果表明:少量杂原子Ti、Fe进入骨架后,不影响Y分子筛的晶型及结晶度,但晶胞常数变大,骨架振动IR吸收峰向低频移动;杂原子Y分子筛的UV-vis-DRS谱图上不存在非骨架Ti、Fe的特征峰;TPR曲线表明,在600℃下通氢处理1h后,FeY分子筛仍无还原峰出现,这些均表明杂原子Ti、Fe已进入Y分子筛骨架.     

杂原子(B、Ti、Fe)进入Y型分子筛骨架的表征

应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、固体核磁共振(NMR)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis-DRS)和热重(TG)等多种表征方法对合成的杂原子Y分子筛(BY、TiY、FeY)的结构进行了表征. 根据引入杂原子后分子筛的晶胞常数、骨架伸缩振动吸收峰、杂原子的特征电子跃迁峰、还原的热重曲线以及杂原子所处的微观配位环境等多种性质的变化, 得出结论：杂原子B、Ti、Fe均已进入Y分子筛骨架.     

Ti在TiY分子筛骨架中的稳定性研究

采用水热法直接合成了含过渡金属Ti的杂原TiY分子筛,并通过x射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱分析(xRF)、紫外可见漫反射(UV-vis-DRs)和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)对经过超稳和水热处理前后的TiY分子筛进行了表征.结果表明:少量杂原子Ti进入到分子筛的骨架后,不影响Y分子筛的晶型,水热前后TiY分子筛中的Ti含量基本相同,且水热处理后TiY分子筛中的大部分Ti仍处于分子筛骨架上.说明杂原子Ti在TiY分子筛中具有良好的骨架稳定性.     

杂原子钛对TiY分子筛性能的影响

采用水热晶化法合成了含骨架杂原子的TiY分子筛，通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热、吡啶吸附红外光谱等方法考察了杂原子Ti进入Y分子筛骨架后对分子筛各项性能的影响。结果表明，TiY分子筛具有典型的Y型分子筛晶体结构；随着Ti添加量的增加，TiY分子筛晶化所需的时间延长，晶胞常数增大，分子筛的热稳定性和水热稳定性均有所增强。与Y分子筛相比， TiY分子筛的L酸中心数量明显增加，同时B酸中心强度增加，TiY分子筛的裂化反应活性提高，催化剂上的积炭量明显减少。     

金属元素对Y沸石的液固相类质同晶取代

用(NH_4)_2TiF_6、(NH_4)_3ZrF_7和(NH_4)_3FeF_6为取代剂研究了Ti、Pe和Zr等杂原子对Y沸石的液固相类质同晶取代规律,发现Ti、Fe和Zr主要取代Y沸石中的A1,其取代程度取决于溶液中M/A1比,最高允许M/A1比与杂原子的半径和氟配合物的稳定常数有关。用XRD、IR、DTA和TPR表征了相对结晶度大于80％的杂原子Y沸石。Ti、Fe和Zr等杂原子进入Y沸石后,沸石的晶胞参数增大,热稳定性下降,红外反对称伸缩振动频率红移,且变化的程度与取代原子的半径和取代量有明显的对应关系,说明杂原子以四面体形式进入Y沸石骨架。     

SbAlPO_4-5的合成及性能研究

据文献报道现在已经合成二十余种磷酸铝系列的分子筛,其中三维结构的有十四种,二维结构的六种.为了改善磷酸铝分子筛的性能,沸石工作者把P、Al以外的其他原子引入了磷酸铝分子筛骨架.Be、Li、B、Ti、V、Fe、Co、Ge等杂原子磷酸铝分子筛的合成已见报道.本文探索了均相体系SbAlPO_4-5的合成方法并对其物化性能作了研究.     

气—固相置换法合成杂原子磷酸盐分子筛及其性能研究

用气—固相置换法合成SAPO—5,TAPO—5,BAPO—5分子筛。通过顺磁共振波谱,X射线光电子能谱,固体高分辨魔角核磁共振谱,红外酸性及晶胞参数等的测定多种研究方法,为杂原子Ti,Si,B进入分子筛骨架提供了证据。考察了分子筛的热稳定性,吸附性和晶体形貌。     

Y型分子筛结构破坏的动力学分析(英文)

Y型分子筛是催化裂化(FCC)的速率控制组分.FCC过程中,催化剂在反应器和再生器中往往面临高温水蒸气存在的苛刻环境.因此,分子筛的热稳定性和水热稳定性是催化剂最为关注的性能之一.由于FCC原料中通常含有V、Ni、Na、Fe等不同数量的金属污染物,会对催化剂造成污染及钝化.进料中存在的卟啉类有机复合物持续不断的沉积在催化剂表面,由于含钒的有机金属卟啉化合物在反应中转化形成V_2O_5,V_2O_5在水热条件下形成H_3VO_4组分,在高温水热气氛下加速分子筛骨架结构水解,破坏了Y型分子筛的晶体结构,从而降低了催化剂活性,影响产品选择性.稀土Y型分子筛在FCC中扮演重要的角色,稀土交换分子筛可以提高催化酸性、裂化活性和热与水热稳定性.此外,Na在高温水蒸气条件下也会对分子筛结构造成破坏.一方面,钠能够中和Y型分子筛B酸中心,降低催化裂化活性;另一方面,水热条件下钠的存在会加速破坏Y型分子筛的结构.有关Y型分子筛结构破坏的机理解释较多,然而该过程的动力学研究鲜有报道.反应动力学不能提供一个直接的反应机理,但是任何反应机理的提出必须符合反应动力学的数据.本文采用离子交换法分别制备了一系列不同Na含量USY,不同稀土含量USY,以及含钠和稀土的USY分子筛,通过固相动力学模型考察了上述Y型分子筛水热结构破坏活化能的变化及钒对其活化能的影响.结果表明,Y型分子筛的结构破坏存在三种路径,分别是脱铝、脱硅和La-O键的断裂.钒加速了分子筛骨架水解速率;钒钠具有协同作用,同时存在时对分子筛破坏作用更加显著;NaOH的形成是速率控制步骤;稀土稳定了分子筛的结构,降低了分子筛的水热脱铝速率;钒与定位于分子筛小笼里稀土作用,破坏分子筛的[RE-OH-RE]~(5+)的RE-O键夺取分子筛的骨架氧,导致骨架结构崩塌.由于稀土本身稳定了分子筛的结构,同时钒稀土作用时形成稳定的REVO_4固定了钒的流动性,因此钒对REY结构的影响是几种因素相互叠加和抵消的结果.     

SbAlPO4-5的合成及性能研究

据文献报道现在已经合成二十余种磷酸铝系列的分子筛^[1],其中三维结构的有十四种,二维结构的六种^[2].为了改善磷酸铝分子筛的性能,沸石工作者把P、Al以外的其他原子引入了磷酸铝分子筛骨架.Be、Li、B、Ti、V、Fe、Co、Ge等杂原子磷酸铝分子筛的合成已见报道^[3,4].本文探索了均相体系SbAlPO₄-5的合成方法并对其物化性能作了研究.     

杂原子Y分子筛的二次合成及其吸附脱硫性能（Ⅱ）

Breck等[1]发表了用NH4SiF6溶液对分子筛进行脱铝补硅的二次合成方法,提高了骨架的硅铝比,从而改变了分子筛的热稳定性、酸性以及催化活性.作为该方法的扩展,已有将Ti、Te、Cr、Zr、Ga等元素引入分子筛骨架的报道[2～4].目前,已经有杂原子分子筛应用到工业生产中,但采用杂原子分子筛吸附脱硫的报道还较少.前文[5]采用液-固相同晶取代反应制备了骨架含Ga的Y型分子筛,并对其吸附脱硫性能进行了初步研究.本研究进一步对[Ga]AlY的吸附脱硫机理、再生性能等方面进行了深入研究.……     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。     

Features of the mechanism of oxidative dehydrodimerization of propynol

Analysis of kinetic regularities for the propynol oxidative coupling under the action of cupric salts in pyridine and in the presence of a buffer is undertaken. The reaction mechanism, including the formation of Cu(I) acetylides, is considered.