Phase equilibria in the system Rb3PO4–Ba3(PO4)2

The system Rb₃PO₄–Ba₃(PO₄)₂ was investigated by thermoanalytical methods, X-ray powder diffraction, ICP, and FT-IR. On the basis of the obtained results its phase diagram was proposed. For this system with one intermediate compound, BaRbPO₄, we found that this compound melts congruently at 1700 °C, exhibits a polymorphic transition at 1195 °C and is high-temperature unstable. Also, the intermediate compound was subject to gradual decomposes to Ba₃(PO₄)₂ (the solid phase) and vaporization (with conversion of phosphorus and rubidium oxides into vapor phase). We also found that Rb₃PO₄ melts congruently at 1450 °C and shows a polymorphic transition at 1040 °C. Regarding Ba₃(PO₄)₂, we have confirmed that it melts congruently at 1605 °C and exhibits a polymorphic transition at 1360 °C.     

Compound formation,crystal chemistry,and phase equilibria in the system Li3PO4Zn3(PO4)2

The system Li₃PO₄Zn₃(PO₄)₂ contains several new phases and solid solution series, some of which are interconvertible by high-temperature, composition-dependent, phase transitions. Crystal data are given for two of the new phases, α- and β-Li₄Zn(PO₄)₂. The β form appears to be structurally related to γ-Li₃PO₄, but with some cation disorder. The α form is ordered and appears to be structurally related to Li₂Zn₃(SiO₄)₂. The equilibrium phase diagram for this system has been determined.     

NH4VO3在NH4H2PO4-H2O和(NH4)3PO4-H2O体系中的溶解度

采用等温溶解法测定了偏钒酸铵(NH₄VO₃)在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O和(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中T = 298.15-328.15 K时的溶解度以及溶液的密度和pH值。结果表明, NH₄VO₃的溶解度随着(NH₄)₃PO₄或NH₄H₂PO₄溶液浓度的增大,先降低后升高,这是由于同离子效应、化学反应平衡及离子活度的共同作用。比较T = 298.15K时, NH₄VO₃分别在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O、(NH₄)₂HPO₄-H₂O和(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中溶解度,发现在相同的磷酸盐浓度下, NH₄VO₃的溶解度在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O体系中最大,在(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中居中,在(NH₄)₂HPO₄-H₂O体系中最小。进一步地,在T = 298.15 K和磷酸盐浓度C = 0.5 mol·kg^-1时,结合pH值和反应溶度积常数K_SP等计算三个体系中的平均离子活度系数(γ_±),发现γ_±值在(NH₄)₂HPO₄-H₂O体系中最大,在(NH₄)₃PO₄-H₂O体系中居中,在NH₄H₂PO₄-H₂O体系中最小,与溶解度规律一致。     

可见光响应的Co3(PO4)2/Ag3PO4纳米复合光催化剂的制备及表征

采用简单的化学偏聚法合成出Ag3PO4纳米颗粒、磷酸钴(Co3(PO4)2,CoP)纳米片以及它们两者的纳米复合结构(CoP/Ag3PO4),同时还比较了它们的可见光催化活性.采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱以及光致发光谱等手段对其形貌、结构、光学以及可见光催化性能等进行表征.结果表明,CoP/Ag3PO4复合纳米结构的可见光降解甲基橙(MO)的速率和循环稳定性均明显优于其它两种物质.这表明CoP应该起着共催化剂的作用,它能够抑制光生电子与空穴之间的复合,并且提供大量高活性的光生空穴.此外,我们还发现CoP/Ag3PO4降解另一种阳离子型染料——罗丹明B(RhB)的能力则远不如纯Ag3PO4,这可能是与光催化剂的表面性质发生改变有关,造成更低的RhB吸附能力.本文提供了一种廉价制备高效可见光催化剂的新方法.     

可见光响应的CO3(PO4)2/Ag3PO4纳米复合光催化剂的制备及表征

采用简单的化学偏聚法合成出Ag3PO4纳米颗粒、磷酸钴(Co3(PO4)2,CoP)纳米片以及它们两者的纳米复合结构(CoP/Ag3PO4),同时还比较了它们的可见光催化活性.采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱以及光致发光谱等手段对其形貌、结构、光学以及可见光催化性能等进行表征.结果表明,CoP/Ag3PO4复合纳米结构的可见光降解甲基橙(MO)的速率和循环稳定性均明显优于其它两种物质.这表明CoP应该起着共催化剂的作用,它能够抑制光生电子与空穴之间的复合,并且提供大量高活性的光生空穴.此外,我们还发现CoP/Ag3PO4降解另一种阳离子型染料——罗丹明B(RhB)的能力则远不如纯Ag3PO4,这可能是与光催化剂的表面性质发生改变有关,造成更低的RhB吸附能力.本文提供了一种廉价制备高效可见光催化剂的新方法.     

Sodium ion-conducting solid electrolytes in the system Na3PO4Na2SO4

In the system Na₃PO₄Na₂SO₄, the high-temperature, cubic γ form of Na₃PO₄ forms an extensive range of solid solutions: Na_3−x(P_1−xS_x)O₄, 0 < x < (0.57 to 0.70, depending on temperature). For compositions in the range x = ca. 0.33 to 0.57, these γ solid solutions are thermodynamically stable at all temperatures. The conductivity of the γ solid solutions increases with increasing x and reaches a maximum at x = 0.5 to 0.6, with values of 2 × 10⁻⁵ ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹ at 100°C, rising to 1.3 × 10⁻² ohm⁻¹ cm⁻¹ by 300°C; this conductivity increase with x is attributed to an increase in the sodium ion vacancy concentration, associated with the solid solution mechanism Na + PS. The phase diagram for the system Na₃PO₄Na₂SO₄ is given together with lattice parameters of the γ solid solutions.     

Phase equilibria in the YPO4–Rb3PO4 system

The phase equilibria occurring in the YPO₄–Rb₃PO₄ system were investigated by thermoanalytical methods, X-ray powder diffraction, and ICP-OES. On the basis of the obtained results, its phase diagram is proposed. It was found that the system includes two intermediate compounds Rb₃Y(PO₄)₂ and Rb₃Y₂(PO₄)₃. The Rb₃Y(PO₄)₂ compound melts congruently at 1300 °C. The Rb₃Y₂(PO₄)₃ orthophosphate was previously unknown. This intermediate compound is high-temperature unstable and decomposes within the temperature range 1300–1330 °C to YPO₄ and Rb₃Y(PO₄)₂. The decomposition process is irreversible. It was found that the Rb₃Y₂(PO₄)₃ orthophosphate is isostructural with Rb₃Yb₂(PO₄)₃ and crystallizes in the cubic system (a = 1.70226 nm).     

Phase equilibria in the ErPO4–K3PO4 system

The phase equilibria occurring in the ErPO₄–K₃PO₄ system were investigated by the thermal analysis, FTIR, and X-ray powder diffraction methods. On the basis of obtained results, the related phase diagram is proposed. This system includes one intermediate compound, K₃Er(PO₄)₂; the double phosphate melts incongruently at 1355 °C and occurs in two polymorphic forms; transformation β/α-K₃Er(PO₄)₂ proceeds at 420 °C. The eutectic occurs at the composition of 58.5 wt% K₃PO₄, 41.5 wt% ErPO₄ at 1317 °C.     

LiTi2(PO4)3的Na/Li离子交换特征

锂离子传导材料LiTi₂(PO₄)₃能在LiCl水溶液中高选择性地与Na⁺进行离子交换. 研究了NaCl 溶液中LiTi₂(PO₄)₃上的Na/Li离子交换反应, 实验结果表明, 升高温度能显著提高LiTi₂(PO₄)₃上的Na/Li交换反应速率, 其离子交换动力学规律可近似由JMAK(Johnson-Mehl-Aurami-Kalmogorav)方程描述. 对LiTi₂(PO₄)₃在水和NaCl溶液中的溶解行为的研究结果表明, 升高温度能加快其在水中的溶解速率, pH值过大或过小及离子交换都会加剧LiTi₂(PO₄)₃的溶解.     

H3PO4-BF3/ZrO2及H3PO4-BF3H2SO4/ZrO2催化剂上异丁烷/丁烯的烷基化反应

研究了H₃PO₄-BF₃/ZrO₂及H₃PO₄-BF₃-H₂SO₄/ZrO₂催化剂对异构烷烃烷基化反应的催化作用。就载体的焙烧温度、活性组分的浓度、BF₃及H₂SO₄的添加及反应温度对催化剂活性的影响进行了较为详尽的研究。     

The system YPO4Ca3(PO4)2Ca2P2O7

The ternary system YPO₄Ca₃(PO₄)₂Ca₂P₂O₇ has been investigated by differential thermal analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and microscopy in reflected light. Its phase diagram and isothermal section at room temperature have been determined. The system contains only one double phosphate which is formed at the 1:1 molar ratio YPO₄:Ca₃(PO₄)₂, i.e., Ca₃Y(PO₄)₃.     

新型杂多化合物[(CH3CH2)4N]4H3O· {Na[(HMo2O5)3(HPO4)(H2PO4)3]2}·(H2PO4)2·10H2O的水热合成与晶体结构

杂多化合物在催化、医药、材料及光化学等方面具有广泛的应用前景 [1～ 4 ] ,其中钼磷多金属氧酸盐具有优异的氧化催化性能 [5,6 ] .近年来合成的新奇结构的钼磷多金属氧酸盐中已测定结构的有含帽[7,8] 和非帽[9～ 12 ] 系列 .本文利用水热法合成了未见文献报道的结构新颖的夹心型磷钼多金属氧酸盐[( CH3CH2 ) 4N]4 H3O{Na[( HMo2 O5) 3( HPO4 ) ( H2 PO4 ) 3]2 }· ( H2 PO4 ) 2 · 1 0 H2 O,并测定了其晶体结构 .1　实验与晶体结构分析1 .1　仪器与试剂　元素 Na用美国原子吸收分光光度计测定 ;C,H和 N用 Perkin- Elmer 2 4 0…     

H3PO4—BF3／ZrO2及H3PO4—BF3—H2SO4／ZrO2催化剂的酸性及结构研究

本文研究了固体酸烷基化反应催化剂H3PO4－BF3／ZrO2及H3PO4－BF3－H2SO4／ZrO2的酸性及其结构。用指示剂法及正丁胺滴定法测定了催化剂的酸强度及酸量；用吸附吡啶的红外光谱法研究了催化剂的表面酸类型；用FT－IR、XPS、XRD、DTA－TG及TPDE等方法研究了催化剂的结构。结果表明；两种催化剂表面均只有Broensted酸，酸强度为－8．2＜H0≤-5.6。H3PO4-BF3/ZrO2中，活性组分强能是以H2PO4^-：BF3的形态存在，BF3通过与H2O4^-的络合作用是催化剂的活性增强。H3PO4－BF3／ZrO2中，存在H2SO4与ZrO2的成盐作用，同时亦有可能存在H2SO4与H3PO4、BF3之间的相互作用。催化剂在下焙烧失活的主要原因是H2PO4^-失水生成P2O7^4－，使催化剂表面质子酸量大幅度降低所致。     

NaSn2(PO4)3的水热合成与结构性能研究

应用水热合成技术制备了具有NASICON型结构的NaSn₂(PO₄)₃离子导体.研究了其结构与电导性能.结果表明,水热合成制备NaSn₂(PO₄)₃离子导体化合物,是一条新的途径,它比传统的高温固相反应方法更加方便有效,尤其容易获得较纯的物相及单晶,并且水热晶化产物与固相反应产物具有相同的结构和性能.     

Potassium-conducting solid electrolytes in the K3 − 2x Cd x PO4 system

New potassium-conducting solid electrolytes of the K_{3 ? 2x} Cd _x PO₄ system are synthesized and studied. A wide range of solid solutions reaching x ≈ 0.35 with the structure of high-temperature modification of potassium orthophosphate forms in the system. An addition of cadmium ions leads to an abrupt increase in the K₃PO₄ conductivity due to the formation of potassium vacancies. The highest conductivity is approximately 10^?2 S cm^?1 at 300°C and above 10^?1 S cm^?1 at 700°C.     

Phase formation in the ZrO(NO3)2-NaF(HF)-H3PO4-H2O system at 20°C

Phase formation in the ZrO(NO₃)₂-NaF(HF)-H₃PO₄-H₂O system was studied at 20°C and 2.0–14.5 wt % ZrO₂ in the initial solution along sections with molar ratios PO ₄ ^3? /Zr = 0.5 and 1.5 and also in the presence of hydrogen fluoride at Na/Zr = 1 and PO ₄ ^3? /Zr = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5. Crystalline zirconium hydrophosphate Zr(HPO₄)₂ · H₂O, fluorozirconates Na₅Zr₂F₁₃ and Na₇Zr₆F₃₁ · 12H₂O, fluorophosphatozirconates NaH₂Zr₃F₃(PO₄)₄ · 3H₂O and NaZr₂F₆(PO₄) · 4H₂O, and amorphous NaZrO_0.5F(PO₄) · 4H₂O (provisional composition) were separated at room temperature. NaH₂Zr₃F₃(PO₄)₄ · 3H₂O and NaZr₂F₆(PO₄) · 4H₂O were prepared for the first time and were studied by crystal-optical, elemental, and thermal analyses, X-ray powder diffraction, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray microanalysis. Na₇Hf₆F₃₁ · 12H₂O was found to exist in a mixture with the hydrophosphate.     

三元掺杂改性锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3

以柠檬酸为螯合剂和还原剂, NH₄VO₃为钒源,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了锂离子电池正极材料Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃及其三元掺杂体系Li_2.85Na_0.15V_1.9Al_0.1(PO₄)_2.9F_0.1.分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、能量损失谱(EELS)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、恒流充放电、循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)等技术对材料的微观结构、颗粒形貌和电化学性能进行分析.结果表明:在残余碳包覆的基础上, Na、Al、F三元掺杂有利于稳定Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃的晶体结构,进一步减少颗粒团聚和提升材料导电特性,促进第三个锂离子的脱出和嵌入,从而显著改善Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃的实用电化学性能.未经掺杂的Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃原粉在1/9C、1C和6C倍率下的可逆比容量分别为141、119和98 mAh·g^-1,而三元掺杂改性材料在1/9C、1C、8C和14C倍率下的比容量分别为172、139、119和115 mAh·g^-1.在1C倍率下循环300圈后,掺杂体系的比容量依然高达118 mAh·g^-1,比原粉高出32.6%.值得注意的是,这种三元掺杂还使Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃的多平台放电曲线近似转变为一条斜线,显示出可能不同的储锂机制.     

NiL(ClO4)2催化NaBrO3-MA-H3PO4体系振荡反应的研究

报道了一种反式Curtis环的镍(Ⅱ) 的配合物NiL(ClO4)2(L为2,4,4,9,11,11-六甲基-1,5,8,12-四氮杂环十四-1,5,8,12-四烯)催化NaBrO3-CH2（COOH）2（MA）-H3PO4体系的化学振荡反应。测得该体系的振荡范围,研究、分析了各物种浓度、自由基抑制剂和还原剂、Ag+、Hg2+以及温度对振荡反应的影响。结果表明Br-起重要动力学控制作用,在反应过程中有自由基、Br2产生并参与了反应。同时发现搅拌速度对反应有很大影响。该反应的振荡轨迹与经典BZ反应及其它四氮杂大环配合物催化的体系有所不同。