地沟油对水泥稳定碎石材料路用性能的影响研究

本文分别在粗集料和全部集料中添加地沟油,再拌制得到粗集料拌油和全集料拌油两种水泥稳定碎石;并进行不同混合料的抗压强度试验、回弹模量试验和弯拉疲劳试验等路用性能试验。试验结果表明:粗集料拌油的7d无侧限抗压强度满足规范要求,全部集料拌油仅符合二级以下公路的底基层强度标准,粗集料拌油和全部集料拌油强度后期的增长幅度明显大于普通混合料;两种拌油混合料的弯拉强度有所降低,但粗集料拌油破坏时挠度提高了87.5%;与普通混合料相比,粗集料拌油和全部集料拌油的抗压回弹模量分别降低了23.7%和27.8%,故地沟油增柔效果明显;粗集料拌油混合料的干缩系数小于普通混合料,收缩开裂风险降低,抗疲劳性能优于普通混合料,但对荷载变化的敏感程度比普通混合料大。可见,粗集料拌油水泥稳定碎石可用于半刚性基层。     

粗集料对超高性能水泥基材料动态力学性能的影响

采用大掺量超细工业废渣取代水泥、最大粒径为2.5 mm的天然砂取代粒径为600 m的磨细石英砂,并掺加了最大粒径为10 mm的高弹高强粗集料,制备出抗压强度达200 MPa的超高性能水泥基复合材料。并采用分离式霍普金森压杆装置对不同纤维掺量的钢纤维增强超高性能水泥基复合材料（ultra-high performance steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites, UHPSFRCC）试件进行了高速冲击压缩实验,研究了应变率和纤维掺量对该材料抗冲击性能的影响规律及粗集料发挥的作用。结果表明,UHPSFRCC的抗冲击能力随纤维掺量的增加而增强;动态强度随应变率的提高相应地增大;动态性能因掺入用作粗集料的玄武岩碎石而得到了相应的改善。还分析了超高性能水泥基复合材料具有高动态性能的机理。     

钢纤维混凝土动态劈裂试验的能量耗散分析

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)装置进行钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)动态劈裂试验.介绍了其试验原理并阐述了利用劈裂强度和应变率指标反映混凝土抗拉性能的不足,提出了试样耗散能和入射波能量变化率指标.通过对试验中试样能量耗散的详细分析,发现试样耗散能较好地反映了混凝土冲击载荷作用下抗拉性能的变化.对于混凝土类材料,改变基本材料组分(水、水泥、砂和粗集料)配比不能有效提升其抗拉性能,钢纤维的增强效果有限.而采用硅灰代替部分水泥,则使混凝土抗拉、抗压和钢纤维增强效果三方面均得到有效提升.     

土基模量随季节变化规律及其数值的确定

土基回弹模量作为路面设计的重要力学参数,在我国路面设计方法中选取最不利季节的土基回弹模量值作为土基的设计强度,没有考虑一年中含水量变化对土基强度的影响,本文通过分析土基回弹模量随季节含水量的变化规律,借鉴AASHTO设计方法中不同季节模量对路面造成的相对损伤思想,推导出等效回弹模量计算公式uf=0.95×10⁷E^-5d,提出用等效土基回弹模量值代替最不利季节模量值作为土基强度设计值,不仅能够提高土基自身的抗变形能力,还可以很有效的提高沥青路面结构的整体设计强度。     

Ⅱ型荷载下混凝土剪切断裂的测试研究

有关混凝土的断裂行为已被广泛研究，但很少是针对剪切断裂的情况。本文采用Ⅱ型（四点剪切）加载，进行一系列测试，研究了混凝土单边预制裂纹（SEN）直梁剪切断裂的技术和条纹。初步实现了混凝土的剪切断裂，测得混凝土的Ⅱ型断裂韧度因子K1c。实验结果显示，试件的几何尺寸越大，养护的龄期越长，实验效果越理想，在这两个因素中，试件尺寸的影响更明显。此外，混凝土的配合比与粗集料对测试结果也有重要影响，而细集料的影响似乎并不明显。同时，文中对实验结果进行了详细的分析，最后，得出一些具有工程实用价值的结论。     

基于3D细观模型的混凝土动态压缩行为分析

通过建立混凝土的3D细观模型,在细观尺度上分析动态压缩荷载作用下混凝土材料内部裂缝的产生和发展、损伤演化和动态强度及其影响因素。首先,基于传统的“生成-投放”法生成粒径、形状和空间分布均随机的凸多面体粗骨料模型,并通过骨料沉降和粒径缩放实现粗骨料的大体积率（达50%）和可调控;使用四面体网格划分骨料和砂浆表征其真实物理形状;使用界面粘结接触表征界面过渡区（ITZ）提升计算效率。进一步通过对比不同粗骨料粒径混凝土的分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验数据与模拟结果,如杆上应变时程、试件动态应力-应变曲线和试件损伤破坏模式,验证了建立的混凝土3D细观有限元模型、参数确定方法和数值仿真方法的准确性。最后,分析了30～100 s-1应变率范围内骨料粒径（4～8、10～14和22～26 mm）、体积率（20%、30%和40%）和类型（石灰岩、花岗岩和玄武岩）对混凝土动态压缩强度的影响。结果表明：粗骨料粒径增大,混凝土动态压缩强度先增大后减小;粗骨料体积率越高,混凝土动态压缩强度越大;混凝土动态压缩强度随粗骨料强度的增加而提高。     

钙质砂的胶结性及对力学性质影响的实验研究

对南海钙质砂进行了三轴实验研究,重点针对不同胶结情况下的力学性质,如不同胶结材料和含量的变化对强度和应力应变特性的影响等。研究表明,钙质砂具有与陆源砂不同的性质,它的内摩擦角高达48°,远大于一般陆源砂的35°左右;在低围压下钙质砂表现出剪胀性,但随围压增加剪胀性降低;利用硅酸盐水泥作为胶结材料效果较好;随着水泥含量的增加,钙质砂试样的强度增加。     

超高性能水泥基复合材料的抗爆炸性能

用大掺量超细工业废渣取代水泥,最大粒径为2.5 mm的天然砂取代粒径为600 m的磨细石英砂,并掺加高弹高强粗集料(最大粒径分别为15、10 mm的玄武岩石子),制备出不同强度等级的超高性能水泥基复合材料(UHPCC).对9块靶体进行了接触爆炸实验,对比分析了靶体材料的爆炸破坏现象,结果表明,制备的超高性能水泥基复合材料具有优异的抗爆炸、抗震塌性能.由爆炸漏斗坑尺寸计算分析得到3种材料的抗爆炸系数,分析表明其抗爆炸系数与材料本身的抗拉强度的平方根成反比,提出了超高性能水泥基复合材料爆炸漏斗坑深度计算公式,以期为防护工程材料的设计提供参考.     

震后建筑再生混凝土及其钢管短柱受压性能研究

为了研究震后建筑废弃物再生混凝土及其钢管柱的基本物理和力学性能,以设计强度为C30的废弃混凝土为再生粗骨料,分析了5种再生骨料取代率(0%、25%、50%、75%、100%)对再生混凝土材料的抗压强度和劈裂强度的影响,以及对钢管再生混凝土的失效模式、承载力、变形、应变关系的影响;给出了钢管再生混凝土柱力学性能随取代率变化的关键值,建立了再生混凝土的应力-应变关系。结果表明:随着再生骨料取代率的增加,再生混凝土的受压性能和抗拉强度逐渐降低,钢管试件的承载力水平逐渐降低,但其破坏失效模式和变形曲线与普通钢管混凝土无显著差别。根据钢管和再生混凝土的应力-应变关系计算了钢管再生混凝土柱的极限承载力,所得计算结果与试验结果符合较好,其误差约为10%,符合工程计算要求。     

冲击荷载作用下混凝土动态力学性能数值模拟研究

利用直锥变截面式Φ74 mm SHPB对混凝土和水泥砂浆材料进行了三种不同冲击速度下的动态力学性能实验,分析了其冲击速度对混凝土力学性能的影响规律。应用刚性板冲击加载的方式进行了混凝土动力响应的数值模拟研究,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。数值模拟表明：混凝土的峰值应力随着冲击速度的增大而增大,混凝土是一种率敏感材料;随着粗骨料体积含量增大,冲击荷载作用下混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,粗骨料体积含量为40%时混凝土峰值应力最大;保持粗骨料最大粒径不变,随着粗骨料最小粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力逐渐减小;保持粗骨料最小粒径不变,随着粗骨料最大粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,数值模拟结果为混凝土的工程应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON＇S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete （NC） and high strength concrete （HSC） in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damage Poisson＇s ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson＇s ratio is determined basically. The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson＇s ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

EFFECT OF DAMAGE EVOLUTION ON POISSON’S RATIO OF CONCRETE UNDER SULFATE ATTACK

Experimental results about concrete under sulfate attack are summarized,which include the variation of mass density of samples and velocity of ultrasonic wave propagating in samples.The evolution damage is analyzed in terms of the experimental results,and close attention is paid to the effect of damage evolution on Poisson’s ratio.This study shows that Poisson’s ratio is significantly affected by the concentration of solution and water-cement ratio.Poisson’s ratio of concrete changes very little when the water-cement ratio is selected as 0.6 or 0.8,so that such change may be neglected.If water-cement is 0.4,however,the Poisson’s ratio of the sample significantly changes.When the concrete sample of 0.4 water-cement ratio is immersed in sodium sulfate solution of 8% concentration for 285 days,Poisson’s ratio increase 10.14% compared with its initial value.There exist a sensitive region and a non-sensitive region for the change rate of Poisson’s ratio with respect to corrosion time.The change rate of Poisson’s ratio monotonously decreases with corrosion time in the sensitive region;in the non-sensitive region,the change rate of Poisson’s ratio is almost equal to zero.     

再生骨料透水混凝土抗压性能及透水性能试验研究

通过掺30%再生骨料和未掺再生骨料两种透水混凝土的抗压性能及透水性能对比试验,研究了水灰比、骨料粒径、砂率等因素对其抗压性能和透水性能的影响,确定了按体积法配制的合理性和最佳配合比。试验结果表明,采用5~10mm的骨料粒径、水灰比为0.3和目标孔隙率为15%时,掺30%再生骨料和未掺再生骨料两种透水混凝土抗压强度分别达到18.0MPa和19.2MPa,且透水系数均大于5mm/s。基于上述试验结果,分析了掺30%再生骨料和未掺再生骨料两种透水混凝土孔隙率与透水系数及抗压强度之间的关系,表明它们之间存在着相关性良好的函数关系,即可以通过调整孔隙率的大小来平衡抗压强度与透水系数,使之均满足实际工程要求。     

骨料堆积注浆再生混凝土的抗压强度及其影响因素

为提高再生粗骨料利用率及降低再生混凝土质量控制难度,本文采用骨料堆积注浆法制备早强型再生混凝土。利用Griffith断裂力学理论及"实际水料比与名义水料比"的差异,分析了骨料性能对混凝土强度的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了再生混凝土界面过渡区(interfacial transition zone,ITZ)的特点。结果表明,骨料强度及吸水率均对再生混凝土强度具有影响,且骨料吸水作用对混凝土强度提高具有促进作用,再生混凝土的界面结合强度较高。     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON’S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposedfor use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compression-compression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. Thestudy covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damagePoisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratiois the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxialstress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion inthe form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy tocalculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON''S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete (NC) and high strength concrete (HSC) in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 Mpa. The conception of damage Poisson's ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson's ratio is determined basically.The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson's ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.     

高强混凝土徐变力学实验研究

为掌握苏通大桥连续刚构桥所用C60高强混凝土的徐变性能,开展了自然环境下配筋高强混凝土的徐变力学试验.为获得徐变试验所需75t的加载力,设计并制造出95t的徐变加载装置,解决了混凝土徐变试验大吨位加载的问题.针对应变测试过程中温度变化对应变测试的影响作了深入的探讨,提出了应变计温度影响的修正方法.通过试验结果与现行桥规JTG D62-2004的比较得出:配筋高强混凝土徐变系数远小于规范取值,且在170天后徐变系数有收敛的特征.试验结果说明,实桥所用C60高强混凝土的徐变可以满足桥梁对混凝土耐久性的要求.     

Decoupling of Autogenous Shrinkage and Tensile Creep Strain in High Strength Concrete at Early Ages

Appropriately interpreting the measured creep strain is critical for obtaining the actual creep strain, especially for high-strength concretes characterized by a low water/cement ratio (w/c) because autogenous shrinkage is significant in such concrete at early ages. To investigate the interaction between the autogenous shrinkage and tensile creep of concrete at early ages, various tests were conducted on concretes with water/cement (w/c) ratios =0.3 and 0.4, including basic tensile creep, strength, autogenous shrinkage, and the internal relative humidity (RH) measurements. The load was applied at the ages of 1 and 7 days at the stress/strength levels of 40% and 70%, respectively. It was found that the measured early-age tensile creep strain becomes negative due to the large autogenous shrinkage involved. The principle of superposition can be used for creep-autogenous shrinkage decoupling to obtain the actual basic tensile creep, as there is virtually no additional RH reduction or stress-induced shrinkage in concrete due to the sustained tensile load at early ages. An average tensile strength gain of 8.2% was found in specimens after sustained tensile loading compared to the unloaded specimens. An exponential function is proposed to quantify the autogenous shrinkage effect on the basic tensile creep in terms of specific creep/autogenous shrinkage ratio.     

骨料尺寸对混凝土层裂强度的影响

作为混凝土材料的主要组成部分,骨料对混凝土力学性能具有重要影响.但骨料尺寸对混凝土层裂强度的影响仍缺少研究.本文利用大直径Hopkinson杆对混凝土细长杆件进行层裂实验,通过放置在试件后方吸收杆上的波形测量混凝土层裂强度.对两种不同尺寸骨料的混凝土进行了不同冲击速度下的层裂实验研究.实验结果表明,在相同加载条件下,骨...     

高强高含量钢纤维混凝土抗侵彻性能试验研究

用试验方法研究分析了各种钢纤维含量的高强钢纤维混凝土与素混凝土抗侵彻性能的异同之处。试验结果表明 ,高强高含量钢纤维混凝土与素混凝土相比 ,具有良好的抗侵彻性能。这主要是因为在混凝土中掺加大量钢纤维后 ,材料的抗压强度及抗冲击韧性大幅提高的结果。