Lagrangians and Hamiltonians for One-Dimensional Autonomous Systems

An equation is obtained to find the Lagrangian for a one-dimensional autonomous system. The continuity of the first derivative of its constant of motion is assumed. This equation is solved for a generic nonconservative autonomous system that has certain quasi-relativistic properties. A new method based on a Taylor series expansion is used to obtain the associated Hamiltonian for this system. These results have the usual expression for a conservative system when the dissipation parameter goes to zero. An example of this approach is given.     

One-Dimensional Relativistic Dissipative System with Constant Force and its Quantization

For a relativistic particle under a constant force and a linear velocity dissipation force, a constant of motion is found. Problems are shown for getting the Hamiltonian of this system. Thus, the quantization of this system is carried out through the constant of motion and using the quantization on the velocity variable. The dissipative relativistic quantum bouncer is outlined within this quantization approach. PACS: 03.30.+p, 03.65.−w, 45.05.+x, 45.20Jj     

Quadratic Integrals of Motion for the Systems of Identical Particles

The dynamical systems of identical particles admitting quadratic integrals of motion are classified. The relevant integrals are explicitly constructed and their relation to separation of variables in Hamilton-Jacobi equation is clarified.     

Velocity Quantization Approach of the One-Dimensional Dissipative Harmonic Oscillator

Given a constant of motion for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator with linear dissipation in the velocity, the problem to get the Hamiltonian for this system is pointed out, and the quantization up to second order in the perturbation approach is used to determine the modification on the eigenvalues when dissipation is taken into consideration. This quantization is realized using the constant of motion instead of the Hamiltonian. PACS: 03.20.+i, 03.30.+p, 03.65.−w,03.65.Ca     

Ambiguities Appearing in the Study of Time-Dependent Constants of Motion for the One-Dimensional Harmonic Oscillator

A family of time-dependent constants of motionfor the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator is derived.The relation between constants of motion, Lagrangian,and Hamiltonian is described. A well-defined time-dependent Lagrangian (for whichEuler–Lagrange equations and Legendretransformation are fully satisfied) is not uniquelydetermined.     

Constant of Motion,Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of the Gravitational Attraction of Two Bodies with Variable Mass

The Lagrangian, the Hamiltonian and the constant of motion of the gravitational attraction of two bodies when one of them has variable mass is considered. The relative and center of mass coordinates are not separated, and choosing the reference system in the body with much higher mass, it is possible to reduce the system of equations to 1-D problem. Then, a constant of motion, the Lagrangian, and the Hamiltonian are obtained. The trajectories found in the space position-velocity,(x,v), are qualitatively different from those on the space position-momentum,(x,p). PACS numbers: 03.20.+i     

Noether Symmetry and Noether Conserved Quantity of Nielsen Equation for Dynamical Systems of Relative Motion

Noether symmetry of Nielsen equation and Noether conserved quantitydeduced directly from Noether symmetry for dynamical systems of the relative motion are studied. The definition and criteria of Noether symmetry of a Nielsen equation under the infinitesimal transformations of groups are given. Expression of Noether conserved quantity deduced directly from Noether symmetry of Nielsen equation for the system are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Parasupersymmetries and Non-Lie Constants of Motion for Two-Particle Equations

Abstract

We search for hidden symmetries of two-particle equations with oscillator-equivalent potential proposed by Moshinsky with collaborators. We proved that these equations admit hidden symmetries and parasupersymmetries which enable easily to find the Hamiltonian spectra using algebraic methods.     

耗散子运动方程组的可控截断

为耗散子运动方程组提出精度可控的预截断方案来模拟和研究非微扰的量子耗散动力学．发展了具有类似Caldeira-Leggett主方程形式、在终止阶层采取马尔科夫和高温近似方法的截断方案,根据马尔科夫性质的分析给出确定终止层数的精度判据,并通过电荷转移体系的动力学模拟进行了检验．     

Complete Equivalence of the Gibbs Ensembles for One-Dimensional Markov Systems

We show the equivalence of the Gibbs ensembles at the level of measures for one-dimensional Markov-Systems with arbitrary boundary conditions. That is, the limit of the microcanonical Gibbs ensemble is a Gibbs measure with an interaction depending on the microcanonical constraint. In fact the usual microcanonical condition is replaced by the sharper constraint that all type frequencies of neighboring spins (including the boundary spins) are fixed. When conditioning on a set of different frequencies of neighboring spins compatible with physical quantities like energy density we get the usual microcanonical ensemble. We show that the limit is a Gibbs measure for a nearest neighbor potential depending on the pair measure which maximizes the entropy on the given set of pair measures. For this we show the large deviation property of the pair empirical measure for arbitrary boundary conditions. We establish analogous results for finite range potentials.     

可积系统规则运动的量子经典对应与有关问题

基于表述经典及量子系统可积性的动力对称性群,对量子可积系统规则运动的经典对应问题运用归纳法进行了研究.具体给出了经典近似描述的适用条件,并进行了简明讨论.Based on the dynamical symmetry group characterizing the integrability of classical as well as quantum mechanics, quantum dynamics with proper initial conditions was genuinely formulated, and analytical solutions in the form of soliton-like state evolving around a certain invariant torus were obtained. It has been shown that, in case the intrinsic size of the evolving quantum state is significantly smaller than the extent of its evolving orbit, the motion can be satisfactorily treated with...     

Onsager Relations and Eulerian Hydrodynamic Limit for Systems with Several Conservation Laws

We present the derivation of the hydrodynamic limit under Eulerian scaling for a general class of one-dimensional interacting particle systems with two or more conservation laws. Following Yau's relative entropy method it turns out that in case of more than one conservation laws, in order that the system exhibit hydrodynamic behaviour, some particular identities reminiscent of Onsager's reciprocity relations must hold. We check validity of these identities whenever a stationary measure with product structure exists. It also follows that, as a general rule, the equilibrium thermodynamic entropy (as function of the densities of the conserved variables) is a globally convex Lax entropy of the hyperbolic systems of conservation laws arising as hydrodynamic limit. As concrete examples we also present a number of models modeling deposition (or domain growth) phenomena. The Onsager relations arising in the context of hydrodynamic limits under hyperbolic scaling seem to be novel. The fact that equilibrium thermodynamic entropy is Lax entropy for the arising Euler equations was noticed earlier in the context of Hamiltonian systems with weak noise, see ref. 7.     

最优化方法在拟合正交系晶体弹性及压电系数中的应用

由布里渊散射实验可以得到晶体弹性及压电系数。本文介绍了最优化方法在拟合正交晶体弹性及压电系数中的应用 ,并对几种主要的最优化算法的稳定性、初值选取、拟合数据结果的判断及评价等关键问题做了详细的讨论     

Tomography of Multimode Quantum Systems with Quadratic Hamiltonians and Multivariable Hermite Polynomials

Systems with multimode nonstationary Hamiltonians (quadratic in position and momentum operators) are reviewed. The tomographic probability distributions (tomograms) for the Fock states and Gaussian states of the quadratic systems are discussed. The tomograms for the Fock states are expressed in terms of multivariable Hermite polynomials. In view of the obvious physical relations, some new formulas for multivariable Hermite polynomials are found. Examples of a driven parametric oscillator and a charged particle moving in the electromagnetic field are presented.     

Quantum integrals of motion for variable quadratic Hamiltonians

We construct integrals of motion for several models of the quantum damped oscillators in a framework of a general approach to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with variable quadratic Hamiltonians. An extension of the Lewis-Riesenfeld dynamical invariant is given. The time-evolution of the expectation values of the energy-related positive operators is determined for the oscillators under consideration. A proof of uniqueness of the corresponding Cauchy initial value problem is discussed as an application.     

费米型级联运动方程的绝热截断方案

研究开放量子系统的量子耗散动力学对于理解许多新奇量子现象背后的机制和实现量子器件的精确量子态控制具有重要意义. 级联运动方程方法已成为研究这类量子耗散动力学最常用的数值方法之一. 然而,在处理强电子关联系统时,准确描述强关联效应需要高的级联截断层数. 这导致级联运动方程方法需要耗费大量物理内存和计算时间. 为了解决该问题,将具有最快耗散速率的耗散模式与其他较慢的耗散模式分离,提出了一种级联运动方程的绝热截断方案. 在单杂质安德森模型上进行的数值测试表明,与传统的方案相比,该截断方案显著地降低了级联运动方程收敛需要的截断层数. 此外,该截断方案缓解了长时间耗散动力学中的数值不稳定性.     

含扫描反射镜的星载相机异速像移分析

在星载相机中,扫描反射镜通常会带来异速像移,导致时间延迟积分(TDI)CCD上像移分布不均,不同摆角下,这种分布情况均不同,给像移补偿造成困难,难以获得清晰的成像效果。为此进行分析,建立了含扫描反射镜的像移模型。针对某一低轨卫星参数进行仿真,得到了在不同摆角下,不同视场对应的像面像移量和偏流角。若以像面中心像移量和偏流角作为补偿标准,补偿后,CCD各点的偏流角残差较小,当像移量残差小于1/3pixel时,即可认为补偿有效。不同摆角下,这种补偿效果是不同的。通过分析,当摆角在(-20℃,-0.12℃)和(0.17℃,20℃)内时,异速像移明显,成像效果不佳;在(20℃,35℃)、(-35℃,-20℃)和(-0.12℃,0.17℃)范围内时,补偿效果好,利于成像;摆角为0,即对星下点拍照时,成像效果较好,此时摆角的控制精度应在(-0.12℃,0.17℃)范围内。以上研究可为稳像机构设计提供一定参考。     

Integrable and Chaotic Systems Associated with Fractal Groups

Fractal groups (also called self-similar groups) is the class of groups discovered by the first author in the 1980s with the purpose of solving some famous problems in mathematics, including the question of raising to von Neumann about non-elementary amenability (in the association with studies around the Banach-Tarski Paradox) and John Milnor’s question on the existence of groups of intermediate growth between polynomial and exponential. Fractal groups arise in various fields of mathematics, including the theory of random walks, holomorphic dynamics, automata theory, operator algebras, etc. They have relations to the theory of chaos, quasi-crystals, fractals, and random Schrödinger operators. One important development is the relation of fractal groups to multi-dimensional dynamics, the theory of joint spectrum of pencil of operators, and the spectral theory of Laplace operator on graphs. This paper gives a quick access to these topics, provides calculation and analysis of multi-dimensional rational maps arising via the Schur complement in some important examples, including the first group of intermediate growth and its overgroup, contains a discussion of the dichotomy “integrable-chaotic” in the considered model, and suggests a possible probabilistic approach to studying the discussed problems.     

A Note on Stress-Tensors,Conservation and Equations of Motion

Some unusual relations between stress tensors, conservation and equations of motion are briefly reviewed. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants PHY99-73935:04-01667.