Synergistic cytotoxic effect of different sized ZnO nanoparticles and daunorubicin against leukemia cancer cells under UV irradiation

Failure of chemotherapy to the malignant tumor is usually induced by multidrug resistance (MDR). The development of anti-MDR agents for efficient drug delivery is of great importance in cancer therapy. Recent reports have demonstrated that some anticancer drugs could be readily self-assembled on some biocompatible nanomaterials covalently or non-covalently, which could effectively afford the sustained drug delivery for the target cancer cells and reduce the relevant toxicity towards normal cells and tissues. Thus these biocompatible nanomaterials may play an important role in the relevant biological and biomedical system. In this paper, we have explored the cytotoxic effect of anticancer drug daunorubicin on leukemia cancer cells in the absence and presence of different sized ZnO nanoparticles via fluorescence microscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis as well as MTT assay. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity suppression of daunorubicin together with different sized ZnO nanoparticles in the absence and presence of UV irradiation on leukemia cancer cells were also investigated using MTT assay. The results indicate that the combination of the different sized ZnO nanoparticles and daunorubicin under UV irradiation could have synergistic cytotoxic effect on leukemia cancer cells, indicating the great potential of ZnO nanoparticles in relevant clinical and biomedical applications.     

Blends of TiO2 nanoparticles and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-polystyrene nanofibers as a means to promote the biorecognition of an anticancer drug

The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-polystyrene (PNIPAM-co-PS) nanofibers have been fabricated by electrospinning, and the blends of PNIPAM-co-PS nanofibers with titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles have been characterized and utilized as the new nanocomposites to enhance the relevant detection sensitivity of biomolecular recognition of an anticancer drug daunorubicin. Our observations demonstrate that upon application of the nanoTiO(2)-PNIPAM-co-PS polymer nanocomposites, the drug molecules could be readily deposited on the surface of the relevant blends so that the remarkable enhancement effect of the new nanocomposites on the respective biorecognition of daunorubicin could be observed, suggesting the potential valuable application of the blending of the nanoTiO(2) and PNIPAM-co-PS polymer nanocomposites in high sensitive bioanalysis.     

Biocompatible and biodegradable polymer nanofibers displaying superparamagnetic properties.

Superparamagnetic polymer nanofibers intended for drug delivery and therapy are considered here. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in the diameter range of 5-10 nm were synthesized in aqueous solution. Polymer nanofibers containing magnetite nanoparticles were prepared from commercially available poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), PHEMA, and poly-L-lactide (PLLA) by the electrospinning technique. Nanofibers with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 nm were obtained. Nanofibers containing up to 35 wt % magnetite nanoparticles displayed superparamagnetism at room temperature. The blocking temperature was about 50 K for an applied field of 500 Oe, and the saturation magnetization was 3.5 emu g(-1) and 1.1 emu g(-1) for Fe3O4/PHEMA and Fe3O4/PLLA nanofibers, respectively, and depended on the amount of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the nanocomposites. To test such magnetic nano-objects for applications as drug carriers and drug-release systems we incorporated a fluorescent albumin with dog fluorescein isothiocyanate (ADFI).     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/四氧化三铁复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝方法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/四氧化三铁复合纳米纤维, 并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热失重分析(TGA)和振动磁力分析进行了表征, 探讨了复合物的结构及其性能.     

Rapid identification and high sensitive detection of cancer cells on the gold nanoparticle interface by combined contact angle and electrochemical measurements

In this study, we have proposed a novel strategy for the rapid identification and high sensitive detection of different kinds of cancer cells by means of electrochemical and contact angle measurements. A simple, unlabeled method based on the functionalized Au nanoparticles (GNPs) modified interface has been utilized to distinguish the different cancer cells, including lung cancer cells, liver cancer cells, drug sensitive leukemia K562/B.W cells and drug resistant leukemia K562/ADM cells. The relevant results indicate that under optimal conditions, this method can provide the quantitative determination of cancer cells, with a detection limit of ∼10³ cells mL⁻¹. Our observations demonstrate that the difference in the hydrophilic properties for target cellular surfaces and in the uptake efficiency of the anticancer drug daunorubicin for different cancer cells could be readily chosen as the elements of cancer identification and sensitive detection. This raises the possibility to advance the promising clinic diagnosis and monitoring of tumors with the aim of successful chemotherapy of human cancers.     

Decoration of Electrospun Nanofibers with Magnetic Nanoparticles via Electrospinning and Sol-gel Process

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)/Fe 3 O 4 composite nanofibers were successfully obtained through electrospinning and sol-gel technology. The resulting magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed on the surface of PAN nanofibers and the diameters of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and nanoparticles were easily controlled, respectively. The distribution of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles inside the nanofibrous composite was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction reveals the presence of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in the composite nanofiber. The resulting sample shows a super paramagnetic behavior.     

Facile synthesis of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles for photothermal destruction of cancer cells

Superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with positive surface ξ-potential were synthesized via a solvothermal route. After Fe(3)O(4) was mixed with HAuCl(4) and NaBH(4), the reduced Au nanoparticles could be directly adsorbed onto the surface of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were successfully applied to photothermal destruction of cancer cells.     

Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional Fe3O4/poly(fluorescein O-methacrylate) core/shell nanoparticles

Multifunctional fluorescent and superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4)/poly(fluorescein O-methacrylate) [Fe(3)O(4)/poly(FMA)] nanoparticles with core/shell structure were synthesized via surface-initiated polymerization. First, polymerizable double bonds were introduced onto the surface of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles via ligand exchange and a condensation reaction. A fluorescent monomer, FMA, was then polymerized to the double bonds at the surface via free-radical polymerization, leading to form a fluorescent polymer shell around the superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) core. The resultant Fe(3)O(4)/poly(FMA) nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy to confirm the reactions. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the Fe(3)O(4)/poly(FMA) nanoparticles have a spherical and monodisperse core/shell morphology. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer analyses confirmed that the Fe(3)O(4)/poly(FMA) nanoparticles exhibited fluorescent and superparamagnetic properties, respectively. In addition, we demonstrated the potential bioimaging application of the Fe(3)O(4)/poly(FMA) nanoparticles by visualizing the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles into A549 lung cancer cells.     

磁性Fe_3O_4@PS@PAMAM-Ag复合催化粒子的制备及其可再生催化性能(英文)

采用聚苯乙烯(PS)包裹Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,制得Fe3O4@PS复合微球,以此作为磁性载体,通过微球表面的羧基将聚酰胺-胺类树形大分子(PAMAM)连接到磁性载体上,然后使Ag纳米粒子镶嵌在树形分子层中,制得可再生的金属复合催化粒子Fe3O4@PS@PAMAM-Ag.并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和X射线光电子能谱等方法对复合催化粒子进行了表征,结果表明,树形分子可以较好地分散和稳定金属Ag纳米粒子,所制复合催化粒子表面Ag含量为1.64%,具有较高的催化还原对硝基苯酚的活性.同时,利用外加磁场可以方便快捷地从反应体系中分离出来,继续用于下一次反应中,复合催化粒子循环使用6次后,仍保持完全的催化性能.     

抗癌载药体系Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8@PA的合成及药物释放

采用溶剂热法合成磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,并以此为基底设计制备了一种具有pH响应核壳结构的磁性纳米复合材料Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8@PA.该材料的比饱和磁化强度可达35.46 A·m2/g,具有良好的磁性.Fe_3O_4纳米粒子呈球型结构,分散性良好.与基底相比,复合微球的粒径尺寸明显增大,但依然符合载体材料的理想尺寸且分布均匀.此外,载体具有多孔结构,表面积较大,载药效率和载药量分别高达96.4%和144.6 mg/g.在pH为7.4和5.0的条件下对载药纳米粒子进行了药物释放研究.24 h内,粒子在2种pH下累计释放量分别为39.8%和78.6%.通过药物缓释验证了载体的pH响应性能.在实验中引入了对癌细胞具有杀伤作用的植酸,使合成的载体具有一定的抗癌作用.同时采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法对人骨肉瘤细胞(MG-63)进行了体外分析实验,证实材料与抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)之间存在着一定的协同抗癌效果.     

Synthesis, characterization, and intracellular uptake of carboxyl-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles

We report the synthesis and characterization of a group of carboxyl-functionalized poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of generation 3 (G3) that were used for the stabilization of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles (NPs). Folic acid (FA) molecules were conjugated onto the dendrimer surfaces in an attempt to achieve specific targeted imaging of tumor cells that overexpress FA receptors using dendrimer-stabilized Fe(3)O(4) NPs. Fe(3)O(4) NPs were synthesized using controlled co-precipitation of Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) ions and the formed dendrimer-stabilized Fe(3)O(4) NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The intracellular uptake of dendrimer-stabilized Fe(3)O(4) NPs was tested in vitro using KB cells (a human epithelial carcinoma cell line) that overexpress FA receptors. It appears that carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimer-stabilized Fe(3)O(4) NPs can be uptaken by KB cells regardless of the repelling force between the negatively charged cells and the negatively charged particles. In the presence of a large amount of carboxyl terminal groups on the dendrimer surface, the receptor-mediated endocytosis of Fe(3)O(4) NPs stabilized by FA-modified dendrimers was not facilitated. It implies that the surface charge of dendrimer-stabilized magnetic iron oxide NPs in biological medium is an important factor influencing their biological performance.     

General one-pot strategy to prepare multifunctional nanocomposites with hydrophilic colloidal nanoparticles core/mesoporous silica shell structure

A general and facile strategy was developed to coat hydrophilic inorganic nanoparticles directly with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was adsorbed to various negatively charged CdTe quantum dots, Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals or Au nanoparticles, introducing the bilayer of CTAB overcoating with positive charge. The subsequent sol-gel reaction of TEOS with the basic catalyst resulted in uniform nanocomposites. The concentration of CTAB and NH(4)OH in the recipe strongly influenced the number of inorganic nanoparticles in the nanocomposites and the homogeneity of MSNs shell. One dimensional Au nanorods and larger size of solid SiO(2) nanoparticles were also able to coat with MSNs using a similar synthetic procedure. The proposed method was greatly simplified without the help of any mediators or silane coupling agents and excellent mesostructural performance was readily achieved. Compared to the methods known from the literatures for the coating of hydrophobic nanoparticles, this efficient way is especially useful for trapping different hydrophilic nanoparticles with arbitrary sizes and shapes into MSNs. These highly versatile multifunctional nanocomposites, together with the pH-responsible drug release behaviors, non-toxicity to normal cells and ease of uptake into cancer cells, are expected to be utilized as drug delivery system for simultaneous imaging and therapeutic applications.     

Fe3O4/Polypyrrole/Au nanocomposites with core/shell/shell structure: synthesis, characterization, and their electrochemical properties

Uniform Fe3O4 nanospheres with a diameter of 100 nm were rapidly prepared using a microwave solvothermal method. Then Fe304/polypyrrole (PPy) composite nanospheres with well-defined core/shell structures were obtained through chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of Fe3O4; the average thickness of the coating shell was about 25 nm. Furthermore, by means of electrostatic interactions, plentiful gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 15 nm were assembled on the surface of Fe3O4/PPy to get Fe3O4/PPy/Au core/shell/shell structure. The morphology, structure, and composition of the products were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The resultant nanocomposites not only have the magnetism of Fe3O4 nanoparticles that make the nanocomposites easily controlled by an external magnetic field but also have the good conductivity and excellent electrochemical and catalytic properties of PPy and Au nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed excellent electrocatalytic activities to biospecies such as ascorbic acid (AA).     

Real-time detection of the interaction between anticancer drug daunorubicin and cancer cells by Au-MCNT nanocomposites modified electrodes

In this study,we have prepared the blending of gold nanoparticles-multiwalled nanotubes (Au-MCNTs) and then applied the new nanocomposites to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for highly sensitive detection of the interaction between anticancer drug daunorubicin (DNR) and cancer cells. Electrochemical analysis indicates that the Au-MCNT modified GCE shows high sensitivity and could track the real time response of cancer cells under DNR treatments. Therefore,this new nano-interface and Au-MCNT modifie...     

氨基官能化聚乳酸电纺纤维的制备、 表征和应用

通过聚乳酸(PLA)和氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)混合进行静电纺丝制备氨基官能化聚乳酸纳米纤维. 采用滴定法测定了纤维表面氨基含量, 证明当KH550的添加量为3%~13%(质量分数)时, 有19%~26%的氨基出现在纤维的表面. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、 差示扫描量热(DSC)仪、 接触角测试仪和电子拉伸机对纤维形貌、 PLA的玻璃化转变温度和熔点以及纤维膜的亲水性和力学性能进行了表征. 结果表明, KH550的加入可以在电纺纤维表面引入氨基, 同时使纤维直径变细, 使PLA的玻璃化转变温度上升, 熔点下降, 电纺纤维膜的亲水性略有增加, 力学性能有所下降. 通过吸附将金纳米粒子负载到氨基官能化聚乳酸电纺纤维膜上, 得到负载型催化剂, 对硼氢化钠还原对硝基苯酚的反应具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性.     

Amelioration of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells by ZnO-TiO2-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites

The present study aims to study the cytotoxicity of ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites (ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin) on T lymphoblast cancer cells (MOLT-4). In a study, nanocomposites containing 2.5 to 15 µg/ml MTT were screened for their anticancer activity. Its anticancer properties were significantly higher than those of other nanocomposites with an IC₅₀ value of 10.34 µg/ml. We studied the mechanism of action for cytotoxic cell death by fluorescence microscopy using Acridine Orange/EtBr (AO/EtBr) and Rhodamine 123 staining procedures. Using DCFH-DA, ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites were analyzed to determine ROS production. The change in apoptotic protein expression for the 24 h following treatment with MOLT-4 cells for Caspase-3, 8, and 9. Nanocomposites containing ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin increased the number of early and late apoptotic cells in MOLT-4 cells. ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites also enhanced mitochondrial apoptosis through Caspase cascade signaling. MOLT-4 cells phosphorylated Caspase cascade in response to ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites. Compared to the control group, the cancer cells treated with ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites significantly arrest the proliferation and induces cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins which leads to apoptotic cell death. Accordingly, ZnO-TiO₂-Chitosan-Amygdalin nanocomposites might be effective against T lymphoblast cancer.     

Probing Cellular Binding of Dendrofullerene by in‐situ Electrochemical Contact Angle Measurement

Dendrofullerene (C₆₀DF) is a novel fullerene derivative with potential and promising biomedical applications. In this work, electrochemical/contact angle behavior of C₆₀DF in the cellular system has been explored by in‐situ electrochemical contact angle measurement. This measuring system is a newly developed technique which can provide electrochemical and contact angle detection simultaneously. The electrochemical results indicate that dendrofullerene may effectively bind and permeate the tumor cell membrane and then distribute into the cancer cells. Our observations of in‐situ electrochemical contact angle measurement also illustrate that the permeation and interaction of C₆₀DF with target cancer cells may lead to some variation of the configurational structure of the relative cell membrane and thus result in the change of hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of target cellular system. Furthermore, through confocus fluorescence microscopy study we found that, upon application of C₆₀DF, the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drug daunorubicin in leukemia K562 cells could be remarkably enhanced by C₆₀DF. Therefore fullerene derivatives were demonstrated to be a good candidate that can play an important role in improving the intracellular drug uptake in the target cancer cells.     

刺激响应共负载药物/基因微载体的制备

合成了聚乙烯亚胺接枝二茂铁(PEI-Fc)两亲聚合物, 采用水包油法制备包埋疏水性抗癌药阿霉素(DOX)的载药胶束, 并利用胶束表面正电荷的PEI链段有效缔合DNA, 获得尺寸合适、 表面带正电荷的阿霉素与基因共负载微载体. 在磷酸盐(PBS)缓冲溶液中, 共负载微载体能够缓慢释放出DOX. 在硝酸铈铵存在下, 二茂铁从疏水性转变为亲水性, 使载药胶束完全解离, 由于PEI-Fc与DNA之间的静电作用, 使基因超分子组装体稳定存在, 显示出很好的氧化响应特性. 细胞培养结果表明, 表面带正电荷的共负载微载体易被HepG2细胞内吞, 并可转染, 且随着DOX的释放逐渐杀死HepG2肝癌细胞, 为安全稳定、 具有刺激响应的药物与基因共负载微载体的制备提供了可行的途径.     

纳米金-多壁碳纳米管复合物修饰电极对柔红霉素作用癌细胞的实时检测

本文通过制备纳米金-多壁碳纳米管复合物(Au-MCNT)修饰玻碳电极,建立了抗癌药物柔红霉素(DNR)作用癌细胞的高灵敏检测方法,研究并追踪了DNR与癌细胞相互作用过程中细胞对DNR的电化学实时响应.结果表明,Au-MCNT修饰电极能实现抗癌药物DNR作用癌细胞的高灵敏实时检测.基于该纳米复合材料的电化学药物传感分析方法可作为抗癌研究中一种方便、快捷、灵敏的实时检测手段,在生物医学等领域具有良好的应用前景.     

以磁纳米粒为核的pH敏感型聚谷氨酸树状分子药物载体

报道了一种新的肽类树枝状分子改性磁性纳米药物载体.以天然氨基酸L-谷氨酸为原料,通过收敛法合成了聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子,将多巴胺配体键合到聚(L-谷氨酸)树状分子上,用核磁(1H-NMR)、质谱(MS)对合成出的树状分子配体进行了表征,然后通过配体交换对四氧化三铁磁纳米粒表面进行多功能化.以阿霉素为模型药物通过pH敏...