The X-ray absorption spectroscopic model of the copper(II) imidazole complex ion in liquid aqueous solution: a strongly solvated square pyramid

Cu K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Minuit X-ray absorption near-edge structure (MXAN) analyses were combined to evaluate the structure of the copper(II) imidazole complex ion in liquid aqueous solution. Both methods converged to the same square-pyramidal inner coordination sphere [Cu(Im)(4)L(ax)](2+) (L(ax) indeterminate) with four equatorial nitrogen atoms at EXAFS, 2.02 ± 0.01 ?, and MXAN, 1.99 ± 0.03 ?. A short-axial N/O scatterer (L(ax)) was found at 2.12 ± 0.02 ? (EXAFS) or 2.14 ± 0.06 ? (MXAN). A second but very weak axial Cu-N/O interaction was found at 2.9 ± 0.1 ? (EXAFS) or 3.0 ± 0.1 ? (MXAN). In the MXAN fits, only a square-pyramidal structural model successfully reproduced the doubled maximum of the rising K-edge X-ray absorption spectrum, specifically excluding an octahedral model. Both EXAFS and MXAN also found eight outlying oxygen scatterers at 4.2 ± 0.3 ? that contributed significant intensity over the entire spectral energy range. Two prominent rising K-edge shoulders at 8987.1 and 8990.5 eV were found to reflect multiple scattering from the 3.0 ? axial scatterer and the imidazole rings, respectively. In the MXAN fits, the imidazole rings took in-plane rotationally staggered positions about copper. The combined (EXAFS and MXAN) model for the unconstrained cupric imidazole complex ion in liquid aqueous solution is an axially elongated square-pyramidal core, with a weak nonbonded interaction at the second axial coordination position and a solvation shell of eight nearest-neighbor water molecules. This core square-pyramidal motif has persisted through [Cu(H(2)O)(5)](2+), [Cu(NH(3))(4)(NH(3),H(2)O)](2+), (1, 2) and now [Cu(Im)(4)L(ax))](2+) and appears to be the geometry preferred by unconstrained aqueous-phase copper(II) complex ions.     

Evidence of desulfurization in the oxidative cyclization of thiosemicarbazones. Conversion to 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

The addition of pyridine-2-carbaldehyde 4N-methylthiosemicarbazone (C8H10N4S) to an aqueous solution of copper(II) nitrate yields [[Cu(C8H9N4S)(NO3)]2] (1). This complex consists of centrosymmetric dinuclear entities containing square-pyramidal copper(II) ions bridged through the sulfur thioamide atoms. The oxidation of 1 with KBrO3 or KIO3 gives rise to a compound with formula [[Cu(C8H8N4O)(H2O)2(SO4)]2]*2H2O (2) (C8H8N4O = 2-methylamino-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole). The structure of 2 is made up of centrosymmetric dimers where the copper(II) ions exhibit a distorted octahedral coordination and are connected by the oxadiazole moiety. The metal ions in 2 can be removed by addition of K4[Fe(CN)6], and then the oxadiazole ligand can be isolated and recrystallized as (C8H8N4O)*3H2O (3).     

Solution [Cu(amm)]2+ is a strongly solvated square pyramid: a full account of the copper K-edge XAS spectrum within single-electron theory

The solution structure of Cu(II) in 4 M aqueous ammonia, [Cu(amm)](2+), was assessed using copper K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Minuit XANes (MXAN) analyses. Tested structures included trigonal planar, planar and D2d -tetragonal, regular and distorted square pyramids, trigonal bipyramids, and Jahn-Teller distorted octahedra. Each approach converged to the same axially elongated square pyramid, 4 x Cu-Neq=2.00+/-0.02 A and 1 x Cu-Nax=2.16+/-0.02 A (EXAFS) or 2.20+/-0.07 A (MXAN), with strongly localized solvation shells. In the MXAN model, four equatorial ammonias averaged 13 degrees below the Cu(II) xy-plane, which was 0.45+/-0.1 A above the mean N4 plane. When the axial ligand equilibrium partial occupancies of about 0.65 ammonia and 0.35 water were included, EXAFS modeling found Cu-Lax distances of 2.16 and 2.31 A, respectively, reproducing the distances found in the crystal structures of [Cu(NH3)5](2+) and [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)](2+). A transverse axially localized solvent molecule was found at 2.8 A (EXAFS) or 3.1 A (MXAN). Six second-shell solvent molecules were also found at about 3.4+/-0.01 (EXAFS) or 3.8+/-0.2 A (MXAN). The structure of Cu(II) in 4 M pH 10 aqueous NH 3 may be notationally described as {[Cu(NH 3)4.62(H2O)0.38](solv)}(2+).6solv, solv=H2O, NH 3. The prominent shoulder and duplexed maximum of the rising K-edge XAS of [Cu(amm)](2+) primarily reflect the durable and well-organized solvation shells, not found around [Cu(H2O)5](2+), rather than two-electron shakedown transitions. Not accounting for solvent scattering thus may confound XAS-based estimates of metal-ligand covalency. [Cu(amm)](2+) continues the dissymmetry previously found for the solution structure of [Cu(H2O)5](2+), again contradicting the rack-bonding theory of blue copper proteins.     

Pyrazolate-based copper(II) and nickel(II) [2 x 2] grid complexes: protonation-dependent self-assembly, structures and properties

The pyrazole-based diamide ligand N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxamide (H(3)L) has been structurally characterised and successfully employed in the preparation of [2 x 2] grid-type complexes. Thus, the reaction of H(3)L with Cu(ClO(4))2.6H(2)O or Ni(ClO(4))2.6H(2)O in the presence of added base (NaOH) affords the tetranuclear complexes [M(4)(HL(4))].8H(2)O (1: M = Cu, 2: M = Ni). Employment of a mixture of the two metal salts under otherwise identical reaction conditions leads to the formation of the mixed-metal species [Cu(x)Ni(4-x)(HL)(4)].8H(2)O (x相似文献   

Speciation of copper(II) complexes in an ionic liquid based on choline chloride and in choline chloride/water mixtures

A deep-eutectic solvent with the properties of an ionic liquid is formed when choline chloride is mixed with copper(II) chloride dihydrate in a 1:2 molar ratio. EXAFS and UV-vis-near-IR optical absorption spectroscopy have been used to compare the coordination sphere of the cupric ion in this ionic liquid with that of the cupric ion in solutions of 0.1 M of CuCl(2)·2H(2)O in solvents with varying molar ratios of choline chloride and water. The EXAFS data show that species with three chloride ions and one water molecule coordinated to the cupric ion as well as species with two chloride molecules and two water molecules coordinated to the cupric ion are present in the ionic liquid. On the other hand, a fully hydrated copper(II) ion is formed in an aqueous solution free of choline chloride, and the tetrachlorocuprate(II) complex forms in aqueous choline chloride solutions with more than 50 wt % of choline chloride. In solutions with between 0 and 50 wt % of choline chloride, mixed chloro-aquo complexes occur. Upon standing at room temperature, crystals of CuCl(2)·2H(2)O and of Cu(choline)Cl(3) formed in the ionic liquid. Cu(choline)Cl(3) is the first example of a choline cation coordinating to a transition-metal ion. Crystals of [choline](3)[CuCl(4)][Cl] and of [choline](4)[Cu(4)Cl(10)O] were also synthesized from molecular or ionic liquid solvents, and their crystal structures were determined.     

Synthesis and structure of [2 x 2] molecular grid copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with a new polydentate oxime-containing Schiff base ligand

A new polynucleating oxime-containing Schiff base ligand, 2-hydroxyimino- N'-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]propanohydrazone (H pop), has been synthesized and fully characterized. pH potentiometric, electrospray ionization mass spectrometric, and spectrophotometric studies of complex formation in H 2O/DMSO solution confirmed the preference for polynuclear complexes with 3d metal ions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of [Ni 4( pop) 4(HCOO) 4].7H 2O ( 1), [Cu 4( pop-H) 4(HCOOH) 4].H 2O ( 2), and [Cu 4( pop-H) 4(H 2O) 4].9H 2O ( 3) indicated the presence of a [2 x 2] molecular grid structure in all three compounds but distinct configurations of the cores: a head-to-tail ligand arrangement with overall S 4 symmetry of the grid in the Cu (2+) complexes as opposed to a head-to-head ligand arrangement with (noncrystallographic) C 2 grid symmetry for the Ni (2+) complex. A cryomagnetic study of 3 revealed intramolecular ferromagnetic exchange between copper ions in the grid, while in 1, antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal ions were observed.     

Synthesis and characterization of copper-, zinc-, manganese-, and cobalt-substituted dimeric heteropolyanions, [(alpha-XW9O33)2M3(H2O)3](n-) (n = 12, X =As(III), Sb(III), M = Cu(2+), Zn(2+); n = 10, X = Se(IV), Te(IV), M = Cu(2+) and [(alpha-AsW9O33)2WO(H2O)M2(H2O)2](10-) (M = Zn(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+)

Interaction of the lacunary [alpha-XW9O33](9-) (X = As(III), Sb(III)) with Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) ions in neutral, aqueous medium leads to the formation of dimeric polyoxoanions, [(alpha-XW9O33)2M3(H2O)3](12-) (M = Cu(2+), Zn(2+); X = As(III), Sb(III)), in high yield. The selenium and tellurium analogues of the copper-containing heteropolyanions are also reported: [(alpha-XW9O33)2Cu3(H2O)3](10-) (X = Se(IV), Te(IV)). The polyanions consist of two [alpha-XW9O33] units joined by three equivalent Cu(2+) (X = As, Sb, Se, Te) or Zn(2+) (X = As, Sb) ions. All copper and zinc ions have one terminal water molecule resulting in square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Therefore, the title anions have idealized D3h symmetry. The space between the three transition metal ions is occupied by three sodium ions (M = Cu(2+), Zn(2+); X = As(III), Sb(III)) or potassium ions (M = Cu(2+); X = Se(IV), Te(IV)) leading to a central belt of six metal atoms alternating in position. Reaction of [alpha-AsW9O33](9-) with Zn(2+), Co(2+), and Mn(2+) ions in acidic medium (pH = 4-5) results in the same structural type but with a lower degree of transition-metal substitution, [(alpha-AsW9O33)2WO(H2O)M2(H2O)2](10-) (M = Zn(2+), Co(2+), Mn(2+)). All nine compounds are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The solution properties of [(alpha-XW9O33)2Zn3(H2O)3](12-) (X = As(III), Sb(III)) were also studied by 183W-NMR spectroscopy.     

Complexation behaviour and stability of Schiff bases in aqueous solution. The case of an acyclic diimino(amino) diphenol and its reduced triamine derivative

The copper(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II) complexes of the acyclic Schiff base H(2)L(A), obtained by [1 + 2] condensation of 1,2-ethanediamine,N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl with 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and of H(2)L(B), the reduced derivative of H(2)L(A), were prepared and their properties studied by IR, NMR and SEM-EDS. In these complexes, the metal ion is always located in the coordination chamber of the ligand delimited by two phenol oxygens and nitrogen atoms (either aminic or iminic). The coordination behaviour of H(2)L(A) and H(2)L(B) towards H(+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) in aqueous solution at 298 K and mu = 0.1 mol dm(-3) (Na)ClO(4) was also studied by potentiometric, NMR and UV-VIS measurements. In particular, potentiometric equilibrium studies indicate that H(2)L(A) is not stable enough to have a pH range in which it is the sole species in aqueous solution. In such a solution, the Schiff base forms over a limited pH range, between 6 and 10, with a maximum formation percentage at pH approximately 9. In addition, the involvement of imine nitrogens in the complexes markedly stabilises the azomethylene linkage, so that the metal complexes of H(2)L(A), particularly those of copper(II), are the species largely prevailing in solutions with pH >3.5. The stability constants of the complexes formed by metal ions with H(2)L(A) and H(2)L(B) follow the order Cu(2+) > Ni(2+) > Zn(2+); distribution plots show that copper(II) gives complexes more stable with H(2)L(A), whereas Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) prefer the reduced ligand, H(2)L(B).     

Structure and magnetism of the tetra-copper(II)-substituted heteropolyanion [Cu(4)K(2)(H(2)O)(8)(alpha-AsW(9)O(33))(2)](8-)

The novel heteropolyanion [Cu(4)K(2)(H(2)O)(8)(alpha-AsW(9)O(33))(2)](8)(-) (1) has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and magnetic studies. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on [K(7)Na[Cu(4)K(2)(H(2)O)(6)(alpha-AsW(9)O(33))(2)].5.5H(2)O](n)(K(7)Na-1), which crystallizes in the tetragonal system, space group P42(1)m, with a = 16.705(4) A, b = 16.705(4) A, c = 13.956(5) A, and Z = 2. Interaction of the lacunary [alpha-AsW(9)O(33)](9)(-) with Cu(2+) ions in neutral, aqueous medium leads to the formation of the dimeric polyoxoanion 1 in high yield. Polyanion 1 consists of two alpha-AsW(9)O(33) units joined by a cyclic arrangement of four Cu(2+) and two K(+) ions, resulting in a structure with C(2)(v)() symmetry. All copper ions have one terminal water molecule, resulting in square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Three of the copper ions are adjacent to each other and connected via two micro(3)-oxo bridges. EPR studies on K(7)Na-1 and also on Na(9)[Cu(3)Na(3)(H(2)O)(9)(alpha-AsW(9)O(33))(2)].26H(2)O (Na(9)-2) over 2-300 K yielded g values that are consistent with a square-pyramidal coordination around the copper(II) ions in 1 and 2. No hyperfine structure was observed due to the presence of strong spin exchange, but fine structure was observed for the excited (S(T) = 3/2) state of Na(9)-2 and the ground state (S(T) = 1) of K(7)Na-1. The zero-field (D) parameters have also been determined for these states, constituting a rare case wherein one observes EPR from both the ground and the excited states. Magnetic susceptibility data show that Na(9)-2 has antiferromagnetically coupled Cu(2+) ions, with J = -1.36 +/- 0.01 cm(-)(1), while K(7)Na-1 has both ferromagnetically and antiferromagnetically coupled Cu(2+) ions (J(1) = 2.78 +/- 0.13 cm(-)(1), J(2) = -1.35 +/- 0.02 cm(-)(1), and J(3) = -2.24 +/- 0.06 cm(-)(1)), and the ground-state total spins are S(T) = 1/2 in Na(9)-2 and S(T) = 1 in K(7)Na-1.     

Copper-complex-linked polytungsto-bismuthate (-antimonite) chain containing sandwich Cu(II) ions partially modified with imidazole ligand

Two sandwich-type complexes Na9n(Cu(im)4(H2O)2)1.5n(Cu(im)4(H2O))n[{Cu(im)4}{Na(H2O)2}3{Cu3(im)2(H2O)}(XW9O33)2]2n .(xH2O)n (im=imidazole, X=Bi (1), Sb(2), x=42.5 (1), 40 (2)) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Basic frameworks of 1 and 2 are built from sandwich-type [{Na(H2O) 2} 3{Cu3(im)2(H2O)}(XW9O33)2](9-) (X=Bi or Sb) anions and [Cu(im) 4](2+) cations. The Cu(2+) and Na(+) ions in the central belt are coordinated by alpha-[XW9O33](9-) units, im, and water molecules to form {CuO4(im)}, {CuO4(H2O)}, and {NaO4(H2O)2} groups in which Cu (2+) ions are partially modified with im ligands. These groups connect alternately forming a six-membered ring including six alpha-[XW9O 33](9-) units. Neighboring anions are further linked by [Cu(im) 4](2+) cations to display an unprecedented anionic chain, which is first observed in sandwich-type tungsto-bismuthate (-antimonite) system. Two kinds of isolated copper complexes and sodium ions are located as counterions, which cause three-dimensional packings of 1 and 2 to present interesting cage structures. The magnetic properties for 1 and 2 both indicate dominant antiferromagnetic interactions among trinuclear Cu(II) clusters.     

Novel acetate binding modes in [Na2Cu(CH3COO)4(H2O)].H2O

A new copper(II) acetate, [Na(2)Cu(CH(3)COO)(4)(H(2)O)].H(2)O (1), has been crystallized from an aqueous solution containing sodium acetate and copper(II) acetate monohydrate in a 4:1 ratio and the structure determined by X-ray crystallography. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 16.638(3) A, b = 11.781(2) A, c = 15.668(3) A, beta = 90.11(3) degrees, V = 3071.0(11) A(3), and Z = 4. In the asymmetric unit, sodium ions bridge two crystallographically unique square planar [Cu(CH(3)COO)(4)](2-) units to their symmetry-generated neighbors to form corrugated 2D sheets of Na(2)Cu(CH(3)COO)(4), which are held together by H-bonding interactions involving the waters of crystallization. In contrast, the structures of known sodium copper acetates are better described as 3D frameworks. The metal centers are bridged by a number of acetates in novel coordination modes. The square planar Cu(II) geometry generated by oxygen atoms from four different acetates is an unexpected feature given the weak ligand field provided by the acetate ligands.     

Solid-to-solid formation at the solid-liquid interface leading to a chiral coordination polymer from an achiral monomer

An achiral crystal of a simple mononuclear copper complex [Cu(II)(C(6)H(8)N(2))(2)SO(4)]·H(2)O (1), on dipping into an aqueous azide solution, transforms into a chiral crystal of a coordination polymer [Cu(II)(C(6)H(8)N(2))(N(3))(2)](n) (2) in a solid-liquid interface reaction demonstrating replacement of a sulfate anion by an azide anion from an aqueous solution.     

Monopicolinate cyclen and cyclam derivatives for stable copper(II) complexation

The syntheses of a new 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) derivative bearing a picolinate pendant arm (HL1), and its 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) analogue HL2, were achieved by using two different selective-protection methods involving the preparation of cyclen-bisaminal or phosphoryl cyclam derivatives. The acid-base properties of both compounds were investigated as well as their coordination chemistry, especially with Cu(2+), in aqueous solution and in solid state. The copper(II) complexes were synthesized, and the single crystal X-ray diffraction structures of compounds of formula [Cu(HL)](ClO(4))(2)·H(2)O (L = L1 or L2), [CuL1](ClO(4)) and [CuL2]Cl·2H(2)O, were determined. These studies revealed that protonation of the complexes occurs on the carboxylate group of the picolinate moiety. Stability constants of the complexes were determined at 25.0 °C and ionic strength 0.10 M in KNO(3) using potentiometric titrations. Both ligands form complexes with Cu(2+) that are thermodynamically very stable. Additionally, both HL1 and HL2 exhibit an important selectivity for Cu(2+) over Zn(2+). The kinetic inertness in acidic medium of both complexes of Cu(2+) was evaluated by spectrophotometry revealing that [CuL2](+) is much more inert than [CuL1](+). The determined half-life values also demonstrate the very high kinetic inertness of [CuL2](+) when compared to a list of copper(II) complexes of other macrocyclic ligands. The coordination geometry of the copper center in the complexes was established in aqueous solution from UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, showing that the solution structures of both complexes are in excellent agreement with those of crystallographic data. Cyclic voltammetry experiments point to a good stability of the complexes with respect to metal ion dissociation upon reduction of the metal ion to Cu(+) at about neutral pH. Our results revealed that the cyclam-based ligand HL2 is a very attractive receptor for copper(II), presenting a fast complexation process, a high kinetic inertness, and important thermodynamic and electrochemical stability.     

Mechanistic information on the copper-catalysed autoxidation of mercaptosuccinic acid in aqueous solution

Copper(II) ions react rapidly with sulfur from thiol groups, forming two distinct, intensely absorbing, short-lived intermediates, which decompose in a subsequent redox reaction to produce reduced copper and disulfides. In this study we report the results of a mechanistic study on the reaction between mercaptosuccinic acid, HO(2)CCH(2)CH(SH)CO(2)H, and Cu(2+)(aq) and [Cu(tren)H(2)O](2+), tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine. Spectroscopic and kinetic data indicate that in the presence of an excess of thiol, at least two distinct complexes are formed, with very different decomposition rate constants and an absorption maximum at 346 nm. Upon addition of thiol to [Cu(tren)H(2)O](2+)(1:1), a transient with a maximum at 380 nm appears, whereas in an excess of thiol this complex decomposes and again the 346 nm band is observed. The use of [Cu(tren)H(2)O](2+) enables to study the reaction of thiol with copper also in alkaline solution, where the rate of the overall process is slowed down greatly. The reactions were studied in detail, including the effect of dioxygen, and a possible reaction mechanism for the catalysed autoxidation process is proposed and discussed in reference to available literature data.     

Fluorescent zinc(II) complex exhibiting "on-off-on" switching toward Cu2+ and Ag+ ions

Binuclear zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes based on a new Schiff base ligand N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzilidene)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine (H(2)L) have been synthesized. The ligand H(2)L and complexes under investigation have been characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (FT-IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR, ESI-MS, electronic absorption, emission), and electrochemical studies. The structures of H(2)L and complexes [{Zn(C(23)H(18)N(2)O(2))}(2)] (1) and [{Cu(C(23)H(18)N(2)O(2))}(2)]·H(2)O (2) have been determined crystallographically. Selective "On-Off-On" switching behavior of the fluorescent complex 1 has been studied. The fluorescence intensity of 1 quenches (turns-off) upon addition of Cu(2+), while enhances (turns-on) in the presence of Ag(+) ions. The mechanisms of "On-Off-On" signaling have been supported by (1)H NMR, ESI-MS, electronic absorption, and emission spectral studies. Job's plot analysis supported 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometries for Cu(2+) and Ag(+) ions, respectively. Association and quenching constants have been estimated by the Benesi-Hildebrand method and Stern-Volmer plot. Moreover, 1 mimics a molecular keypad lock that follows correct chemical input order to give maximum output signal.     

Fabrication of CuO pricky microspheres with tunable size by a simple solution route

A simple aqueous solution route was introduced for the fabrication of CuO pricky microspheres (CPMs) using CuCl(2) x 2H(2)O, Na(2)(C(4)H(4)O(6)) x 3H(2)O and NaOH as starting materials. The CPMs were composed of compressed nanothorns exhibiting tapering feature with tip size of less than 10 nm, and the size of CPMs could be tuned from 100-200 nm to 4-6 microm. The effects of the molar ratios of tartrate anions and NaOH to Cu(2+) cations, reagent concentration, and reaction temperature on the products were investigated, showing that the morphology of CPMs was determined by the molar ratio of tartrate to Cu(2+) cations and the size was greatly affected by reagent concentration and the molar ratio of NaOH to Cu(2+) cations in the precursor solution. The fabrication of CPMs went through rapid nucleation of Cu(OH)(2), aggregation and in situ dehydration of Cu(OH)(2), oriented-aggregation-based growth, and normal crystal growth of CuO nanothorns. The nucleation and crystal growth were successfully separated by controlled releasing of Cu(2+) and OH(-) ions through the reversible reaction of Cu(2+) cations, OH(-), and C(4)H(4)O(6)(2-) anions.     

噻吩甲酰基吡唑啉酮缩β-丙氨酸配合物的合成、表征及极谱行为

An ewacylpyrazolone Schiff base and its metal complexes were synthesized. The electrochemical behaviour of complexes was studied. In non-aqueous solvent, the new Schiff base 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(2-thenoyl)-5-pyrazolone-2-alanine (HL) was synthesized by the reaction of 2-alanine with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(2-thenoyl)-5-pyrazolone and its complexes UO2(II), Cu(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) were obtained from refluxing a solution of Schiff base and metal nitrate. The polarographic wave of Cu(II) complex was determined at 1.24V(vs.SCE) in the medium of HAc-NaAc (PH=4.6). On the basis of elemental analysis and molar conductance, the general formula of the complexes, UO2L2?H2O,CuL2?2H2O,CoL2?2H2O and FeL2?2H2O, were given. They were characterized by IR, UV-visible, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, thermal analyses and magnetic moments. The results show that the metal ions except UO2 2+ exhibit six coordination in the complexes. The peak current is produced by the reduction of Cu2+ in the copper complex, and the number of electron transfer is 1 at electrode reaction.     

BTA copper complexes

Cupric oxide is one of the most important additives used (a) to catalyze decomposition reactions in gas generators to obtain cooler reaction gases, (b) as burning enhancer for ammonium perchlorate-based composite propellants, and (c) as coloring agent in pyrotechnics. In this context, the reaction of Cu(2+) ions in aqueous ammonia solution with bis(tetrazolyl)amine (H(2)bta) was investigated. Depending on the reaction conditions three complexes were obtained: Cu(bta)(NH(3))(2) (1), Cu(bta)(NH(3))(2).H(2)O (2), and (NH(4))(2)Cu(bta)(2).2.5H(2)O (3). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 are discussed with respect to the coordination mode of the dianion of N,N-bis(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine (bta), which mediates in the case of 1 and 2 weak superexchange interactions between the adjacent magnetic transition-metal Cu(II) cations. These antiferromagnetic interactions result from 1D copper chains over an hidden azide end-to-end bridge. Interestingly, the structural arrangement of 1 completely changes in the presence of crystal-bound water. Moreover, some physicochemical properties (e.g., heat of formation, friction, and impact sensitivity, DSC) of these complexes with respect to high-energetic materials are discussed.     

3d-Metal derivatives of the [Cu(I)(SO3)4]7- ion: structure and magnetism

The Cu(SO(3))(4)(7-) anion, which consists of a tetrahedrally coordinated Cu(I) centre coordinated to four sulfur atoms, is able to act as a multidentate ligand in discrete and infinite supramolecular species. The slow oxidation of an aqueous solution of Na(7)Cu(SO(3))(4) yields a mixed oxidation state, 2D network of composition Na(5){[Cu(II)(H(2)O)][Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}·6H(2)O. The addition of Cu(II) and 2,2'-bipyridine to an aqueous Na(7)Cu(SO(3))(4) solution leads to the formation of a pentanuclear complex of composition {[Cu(II)(H(2)O)(bipy)](4)[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}(+); a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions leads to the generation of infinite parallel channels that are occupied by disordered nitrate anions and water molecules. A pair of Cu(SO(3))(4)(7-) anions each act as a tridentate ligand towards a single Mn(II) centre when Mn(II) ions are combined with an excess of Cu(SO(3))(4)(7-). An anionic pentanuclear complex of composition {[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)](2)[Fe(III)(H(2)O)](3)(O)} is formed when Fe(II) is added to a Cu(+)/SO(3)(2-) solution. Hydrated ferrous [Fe(H(2)O)(6)(2+)] and sodium ions act as counterions for the complexes and are responsible for the formation of an extensive hydrogen bond network within the crystal. Magnetic susceptibility studies over the temperature range 2-300 K show that weak ferromagnetic coupling occurs within the Cu(II) containing chains of Na(5){[Cu(II)(H(2)O)][Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}·6H(2)O, while zero coupling exists in the pentanuclear cluster {[Cu(II)(H(2)O)(bipy)](4)[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}(NO(3))·H(2)O. Weak Mn(II)-O-S-O-Mn(II) antiferromagnetic coupling occurs in Na(H(2)O)(6){[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)][Mn(II)(H(2)O)(2)](3)}, the latter formed when Mn was in excess during synthesis. The compound, Na(3)(H(2)O)(6)[Fe(II)(H(2)O)(6)](2){[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)](2)[Fe(III)(H(2)O)](3)(O)}·H(2)O, contained trace magnetic impurities that affected the expected magnetic behaviour.