Nonparaxial Dark-Hollow Gaussian Beams

The concept of nonparaxial dark-hollow Gaussian beams （DHGBs） is introduced. By using the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, the analytical propagation equation of DHGBs in free space is derived. The on-axis intensity, far-field equation and, in particular, paraxial expressions are given and treated as special cases of our result. It is shown that the parameter f = 1/κω0 with κ being the wave number and ω0 being the waist width determines the nonparaxiality of DHGBs. However, the parameter range, within which the paraxial approach is valid, depends on the propagation distance. The beam order affects the beam profile and position of maximum on-axis intensity.     

Non-paraxial Elliptical Gaussian Beam

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Restoration of Decentered Gaussian Beam with the Combination of a Lens and a Gaussian Aperture

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　ＴｈｅＧａｕｓｓｉａｎｂｅａｍｉｓｔｈｅｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌｓｈａｐｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｓｅｒｗｉｔｈａｓｐｈｅｒｉｃａｌ ｍｉｒｒｏｒｒｅｓｏｎａｔｏｒａｎｄｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｔｏｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅａｓｉｎｇｌｅｍｏｄｅｌａｓｅｒ.Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｒａｘｉａｌａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｅｘａｍｐｌｉｔｕｄｅｏｆｉｔｒｅｍａｉｎｓｕｎｃｈａｎｇｅｄｗｈｅｎｉｔｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｅｓｔｈｅＦｏｕｒｉｅｒｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｏｒｔｈｅ…     

Tunable conversion of diode laser radiation into Hermite—Gaussian and Laguerre—Gaussian modes

Conversion of diode laser radiation in the transverse Hermite-Gaussian and Laguerre-Gaussian modes of a chosen order is studied experimentally. The procedure has been carried out by excitation of eigen-modes of the bow-tie ring cavity with the subsequent transformation in the astigmatic converter. The conversion efficiency has been calculated.     

Nonparaxial propagation of phase-flipped Gaussian beams

This paper derives the closed-form expressions for nonparaxial phase flipped Gaussian （PFG） beams propagating in free space, through a knife edge and an aperture, which enable us to study nonparaxial propagation properties of PFG beams and to compare nonparaxial results with paraxial ones. It is found that the f parameter, offsetting distance of the knife edge and truncation parameter affect the nonparaxial beam propagation properties. Only under certain conditions the paraxial approximation is applicable. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

Partially coherent elegant Hermite–Gaussian beams

Elegant Hermite–Gaussian beams (EHGBs) are extended to the partially coherent case. An explicit and analytical formula is derived for the cross-spectral density of a partially coherent EHGB propagating through an aligned or misaligned paraxial ABCD optical system. The propagation properties of a partially coherent EHGB in free space and its focusing properties through a thin lens are studied numerically, and are compared to those of a partially coherent standard Hermite–Gaussian beam (SHGB). It is found that the propagation and focusing properties of a partially coherent EHGB are closely related to its initial coherence. A partially coherent EHGB spreads slower than a partially coherent SHGB in free-space propagation. A partially coherent EHGB can be focused more tightly than a partially coherent SHGB.     

Performance curves comparison of THG efficiency in CsLib6O10 on flattened Gaussian and Gaussian beams

The conversion efficiency of THG on the flattened Gaussian and Gaussian beams is obtained in detail numerical stimulation for CsLiB6O10.The conversion efficiencies of 86.7% and 96% of the flattened Gaussian are larger than those of Gaussian beams of 72.6% and 88% under type I and type 11(1) phase matching. The efficiencies affected by the pump intensity, polarization rate, crystal lengths and orders of the flattened Gaussian beams were presented.     

Gaussian对小分子自由基OH的研究

本文探讨了Gaussian98在小分子自由基OH的光谱计算领域中的应用.本文采用密度泛函方法B3PW91以及最大的基组6-311 G(3df,3pd)计算了OH的基态X2Πi的势能曲线,进而带入核的薛定谔方程,得到了振动能级和转动常数,将他们分别与基于实验的RKR势能曲线、振动能级和转动常数进行了比较,得到很好的结果.另外本文采用了完全活性空间方法,对激发态A2Σ 进行了研究,计算了绝热激发能以及平衡常数,平衡位置与实验值符合得很好,绝热激发能的误差为0.52eV.计算得到的激发态的势能曲线与基于实验的RKR势非常一致.     

Propagation properties of Airy–Gaussian beams

The propagation of the Airy–Gaussian beams is studied in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media analytically and numerically. The linear momentum of the analytical Airy–Gaussian beam solution of the Snyder–Mitchell model is not conservational, which is the reason that results in the disagreement between the analytical Airy–Gaussian beam solution and the numerical simulations of the nonlocal nonlinear Schr?dinger equation in the case of strong nonlocality. The quasi-Airy–Gaussian soliton in the Gaussian-shaped response material can be obtained when the parameter χ ₀ is large enough, and the patterns of Airy–Gaussian beams are variable periodically in liquid crystal material during propagation.     

Bessel–Gaussian beam-based orbital angular momentum holography

Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling d...     

Propagation of truncated modified Laguerre–Gaussian beams

By expanding the circ function into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions and applying the Collins formula, the propagation of hard-edge diffracted modified Laguerre–Gaussian beams (MLGBs) through a paraxial ABCD system is studied, and the approximate closed-form propagation expression of hard-edge diffracted MLGBs is obtained. The transverse intensity distribution of the MLGB carrying finite power can be characterized by a single bright and symmetric ring during propagation when the aperture radius is very large. Starting from the definition of the generalized truncated second-order moments, the beam quality factor of MLGBs through a hard-edged circular aperture is investigated in a cylindrical coordinate system, which turns out to be dependent on the truncated radius and the beam orders.     

Rectangular hard-edged aperture diffracted Laguerre–Gaussian beams

Based on the relations between Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) and Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes and by introduced the complex Gaussian expansion method for two dimensional rectangular aperture, the approximate analytical propagation expressions of the rotational symmetrical LG beams along with their even and odd modes through a paraxial ABCD optical system with rectangular hard-edged aperture are derived. As special cases of the results, the corresponding closed-forms of the circular aperture diffracted LG beams and non-truncated LG beams are also given. Numerical examples are given to prove the validity of this approximate analytical method and illustrate the propagation properties of the rectangular hard-edged aperture diffracted LG beams.     

Bessel–Gaussian Shifted Paraxial Beams: I

Optics and Spectroscopy - We have considered a new family of localized solutions of a parabolic (paraxial wave) equation that generalizes the well-known Bessel–Gaussian beams and includes...     

推广的Koch曲线上的Gaussian模型

给出了两种推广的Ｋｏｃｈ曲线，利用部分格点消约和自旋重标相结合的重正化群方法在这两种曲线上研究了推广后的Ｇａｕｓｓｉａｎ模型的临界性质，求出了临界点和临界指数．这些结果与已有的相关结果都是一致的．     

Investigation of Elliptical Gaussian Beam in Optical Disk System

1.IntroductionLaserdiodehasbeenx`idelyusedinfibrc-opticcommunicat:onandopticaldisk$yctems.LaserbeamIsradiationangle(fullangu1aratha1f-maximumintensitypoint)ismeasuredbothparllelandPerpendiculartothcjunctionp1anclgenera1ly.o//=6,~1o",oJ-=2o"~5O':Inerasableopticaldisksystemsasmagneto-optica1disksystems,thelaserbcamiscollimatedandshapedtobecircularsymInetricbeaminordcrtoaquireahighintensityandhighqualityscanningbeamiPot,butitsoptica1systemiscomplicatedandeasyaddingassocialaberration.usingaellip…     

Scintillation advantages of lowest order Bessel–Gaussian beams

For a weak turbulence propagation environment, the scintillation index of the lowest order Bessel–Gaussian beams is formulated. Its triple and single integral versions are presented. Numerical evaluations show that at large source sizes and large width parameters, when compared at the same source size, Bessel–Gaussian beams tend to exhibit lower scintillations than the Gaussian beam scintillations. This advantage is lost however for excessively large width parameters and beyond certain propagation lengths. Large width parameters also cause rises and falls in the scintillation index of off-axis positions toward the edges of the received beam. Comparisons against the fundamental Gaussian beam are made on equal source size and equal power basis. PACS  42.25.Dd; 42.25.Bs; 42.68.Bz; 42.68.-w     

Off-Axis Astigmatic Gaussian Beam Combination Beyond the Paraxial Approximation

Taking the off-axis astigmatic Gaussian beam combination as an example, the beam-combination concept is extended to the nonparaxial regime. The closed-form propagation expressions for coherent and incoherent combinations of nonparaxial off-axis astigmatic Gaussian beams with rectangular geometry are derived and illustrated with numerical examples. It is shown that the intensity distributions of the resulting beam depend on the combination scheme and beam parameters in general, and in the paraxial approximation （i.e., for the small f-parameter） our results reduce to the paraxial ones.     

Adaptive Sub-sampling for Parametric Estimation of Gaussian Diffusions

We consider a Gaussian diffusion X _t (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) with drift coefficient γ and diffusion coefficient σ ², and an approximating process Y^e_tY^{\varepsilon}_{t} converging to X _t in L ₂ as ε→0. We study estimators [^(g)]_e\hat{\gamma}_{\varepsilon}, [^(s)]²_e\hat{\sigma}^{2}_{\varepsilon} which are asymptotically equivalent to the Maximum likelihood estimators of γ and σ ², respectively. We assume that the estimators are based on the available N=N(ε) observations extracted by sub-sampling only from the approximating process Y^e_tY^{\varepsilon}_{t} with time step Δ=Δ(ε). We characterize all such adaptive sub-sampling schemes for which [^(g)]_e\hat{\gamma}_{\varepsilon}, [^(s)]²_e\hat{\sigma}^{2}_{\varepsilon} are consistent and asymptotically efficient estimators of γ and σ ² as ε→0. The favorable adaptive sub-sampling schemes are identified by the conditions ε→0, Δ→0, (Δ/ε)→∞, and NΔ→∞, which implies that we sample from the process Y^e_tY^{\varepsilon}_{t} with a vanishing but coarse time step Δ(ε)≫ε. This study highlights the necessity to sub-sample at adequate rates when the observations are not generated by the underlying stochastic model whose parameters are being estimated. The adequate sub-sampling rates we identify seem to retain their validity in much wider contexts such as the additive triad application we briefly outline.     

System Driven by Correlated Gaussian Noises Related with Disorder

A system driven by correlated Gaussian noises related with disorder is investigated. The Fokker-Planck equation （FPE） for the system is derived. Using the FPE derived, some systems driven by correlated Gaussian noises related with disorder can be investigated for Brownian motors, nonequilibrium transition, resonant activation, stochastic resonance, and so on. We only give one example： i.e., using the FPE derived, we study the resonant activation for a single motor protein model with correlated noises related to disorder. Since the correlated noise related to disorder usually exists with the friction, for the temperature, and so on, our results have generic physical meanings for physics, chemistry, biology and other sciences.     

Interaction of Airy–Gaussian beams in saturable media

Based on the nonlinear Schr o¨dinger equation, the interactions of the two Airy–Gaussian components in the incidence are analyzed in saturable media, under the circumstances of the same amplitude and different amplitudes, respectively. It is found that the interaction can be both attractive and repulsive depending on the relative phase. The smaller the interval between two Airy–Gaussian components in the incidence is, the stronger the intensity of the interaction. However, with the equal amplitude, the symmetry is shown and the change of quasi-breathers is opposite in the in-phase case and out-of-phase case. As the distribution factor is increased, the phenomena of the quasi-breather and the self-accelerating of the two Airy–Gaussian components are weakened. When the amplitude is not equal, the image does not have symmetry. The obvious phenomenon of the interaction always arises on the side of larger input power in the incidence. The maximum intensity image is also simulated. Many of the characteristics which are contained within other images can also be concluded in this figure.