阿尔金断裂的研究现状及其控油意义

阿尔金断裂是中国西北一条巨型的NEE断裂构造,也是青藏高原的西北边界,它在青藏高原的隆升及中国大陆动力学演化方面有着及其重要的地位,一直成为国内外地学界研究的热点.断裂活动的时间、方式、速度及规模等是阿尔金断裂问题争论的焦点.针对目前国内外研究现状,结合柴达木盆地一些实际资料,认为阿尔金断裂带的活动具有多期次性,而至少在中新世时期开始阿尔金总体呈左行走滑的趋势;阿尔金断裂带对柴达木盆地与塔里木盆地的沉积构造演化起着重要的作用,从而对西部大陆构造格架及两侧盆地油气运聚具有重要的控制意义.     

酒西盆地老君庙油田古近纪L油藏富油因素分析

酒西盆地为晚期型前陆盆地,老君庙油田位于盆地南部老君庙背斜带的中部,L油藏储层颗粒分选、磨圆较差,成分成熟度和结构成熟度较低,胶结物的成分主要为泥质和钙质,属中高孔隙中渗透含油好的油藏。依据岩心观察、野外露头以及钻井、测井等沉积相划分标志,老君庙油田L油藏主要发育河流、三角洲等2类沉积相,辫状河、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘等3类沉积亚相。老君庙油田古近纪L油藏上部沉积区域性的石油沟段棕红色泥岩盖层,L1,L2,L3储集砂体由于褶皱作用形成背斜圈闭,西部低洼地区为构造-岩性圈闭,其中控制油气运移和聚集的构造背景是成藏的地质基础,成岩作用形成的储集物性特点是成藏的前提,控制优质储层发育的沉积相带是成藏的必要条件,良好的生储盖组合配置是成藏的关键。     

高邮凹陷古近系戴南组戴一段物源分析

在分析了高邮凹陷戴南组沉积期构造和沉积背景的基础上,利用重矿物组合分析法、矿物成分分析法、砂岩质量百分含量法、地震反射波组形态分析法和古地貌分析法,对戴南组戴一段的物源进行了分析.认为高邮凹陷中东部戴南组戴一段北部物源来自于柘垛低凸起,存在4个主要物源,南部物源主要来自通扬隆起区以及东南部的吴堡低凸起,存在5个主要物源.在此基础上,编制了戴南组戴一段的沉积体系分布图.     

碎屑物源分析泛论

物源区分析作为沉积盆地分析的一种重要方法,广泛应用于推理各种沉积盆地演化。总结了碎屑物源分析的各种方法,以期在进行物源分析时起到参考作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部二叠系碎屑岩物源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部二叠系碎屑岩具有巨大的天然气勘探潜力。为确定该区二叠系的物源方向,探索沉积体系和天然气储层的分布规律,从盆地周缘古陆特征、岩石类型、构造属性、石英阴极发光特征、岩屑类型、重矿物组合、古流向及地球化学等方面对鄂尔多斯盆地东南部二叠系碎屑岩进行了源区分析。结果表明:该区二叠系物源分别来自北东、北西和南部三个方向,即阴山古陆东部的太仆寺旗-集宁地区、阴山古陆中部的渣尔泰山-乌拉山地区及东秦岭古陆。沉积体系的分布受源区控制,储集砂体主要分布在坪桥-安塞地区、绥德-清涧-子长-延长-延安地区及富县-宜川一带。     

东营凹陷北带古冲沟古近系多物源沉积模式

利用地震反射结构、碎屑组分以及聚类分析等方法,提出东营凹陷北部陡坡带东部Y920古冲沟沙河街组沙四上亚段多物源叠加模式。研究结果表明:沙四上亚段沉积时期,Y920冲沟呈西陡东缓的不对称箕状构造形态。地震相呈东西分带的特点,冲沟西部发育楔形反射、东部发育前积反射、中部发育透镜状反射。冲沟内砂岩充填物的碎屑矿物组成在平面上具有明显的差异性,冲沟西部砂岩的石英含量低、岩屑含量高,岩屑以火成岩岩屑为主;冲沟东部,砂岩的长石和岩屑含量均较高,岩屑以变质岩岩屑为主;中部长石和石英含量较高,岩屑含量较低,含有较多的灰岩岩屑。Y920古冲沟存在3个方向的物源,分别为自北向南、沿冲沟长轴方向的北部物源以及来自冲沟西部和东部的短轴、侧向物源。冲沟西部发育近岸水下扇沉积,东部扇体以扇三角洲为主。     

琼东南盆地新近系重矿物分布特征及其物源指示意义

采用回归分析、主成分分析、ZTR指数和Q型聚类分析对琼东南盆地新近系的重矿物资料进行研究.研究结果表明:水动力条件对重矿物分布影响较小,而且琼东南盆地新近纪构造活动微弱,因此,重矿物的分布特征主要受物源控制;三亚组和梅山组沉积时期的物源供给特征基本一致,主要为海南岛物源,并受到松南一宝岛凹陷一带的局部基性火山活动影响;黄流组沉积时期,海南岛物源供给增强,同时,乐东凹陷受到红河物源的影响;莺歌海组沉积时期,盆地的物源供给体系变得更加复杂,局部的火山作用消失,盆地北部仍以海南岛物源为主,而西部的崖南凹陷和乐东凹陷分别受到莺西物源和红河物源的影响,其母岩类型均为高级变质岩类.     

阿尔金斜坡东段古近纪路乐河组物源体系分析

通过岩芯观察、砂岩骨架组分、重矿物类型与组合特征、ZTR指数变化趋势等方法,对阿尔金斜坡古近纪路乐河组物源体系进行系统研究并恢复了母岩区性质.结果表明:路乐河组沉积时,阿尔金斜坡东段发育3大物源体系,自西向东依次为①月牙山物源,母岩主要为中性岩浆岩和变质岩,其次为酸性岩浆岩;②红三旱一号物源,母岩主要为中性岩浆岩,其次为酸性岩浆岩和变质岩;③鄂博梁物源,母岩主要为中性岩浆岩和酸性岩浆岩,其次为变质岩.其中红三旱一号物源分为两支,一支经红三旱一号Ⅰ高点主体向西南方向流入尖顶山地区,另一支经牛鼻子梁西口主体向东南方向流入碱山以北地区.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组物源分析

根据重矿物组合、古流向和碎屑颗粒粒度等资料，对鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组物源区的母岩性质、物源方向及演变特征等进行了分析。结果表明：延长组沉积物主要来自两种类型的母岩，即深变质的结晶片岩和片麻岩、浅海相碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩；在延长组沉积早中期，主要物源来自北部和西南两个方向，而延长组沉积晚期，西南方向物源占优势，北部物源的影响明显减弱，而且物源南北分布特征明显。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长探区上古生界物源分析

为查明鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区上古生界的物源方向及物源分区,揭示该地区沉积体系的分布格局,应用碎屑组分、重矿物、稀土元素分析等多种研究方法,在对物源区构造演化背景分析的基础上,对延长探区上古生界各层段的物源特征及影响范围进行了系统研究。结果表明,研究区主要受到北、南两个方向的物源控制,其中北部物源是控制区内沉积的最主要物源,南北物源大致在甘泉—富县—宜川一带交汇。本溪组至山西组山23沉积期,南部物源并未影响到研究区;从山22沉积期始,南部物源开始影响研究区,至石盒子—石千峰期,南部物源的影响逐渐增大,成为研究区主要的物源之一。     

Determination of the Altyn Tagh strike-slip fault basin and its relationship with mountains

A special extended basin topography is developed in the middle segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone. The ratio of its length to width is over 50. The long boundaries at the two sides of the basin are controlled by the straight normal faults with strike-slip component. Within the basin, the Cenozoic strata are spread. The Altyn Tagh main fault goes through the basin, and a series of strike-slip topography was formed within the basin. The reverse thrust structures were formed at the two sides of the center of the basin, thus making the geological bodies composed of old metamorphic rocks at the two sides of the basin extrude vertically，and forming the extended massif (mountain) at the sides of the basin and parallel to the basin. This special topography was called the strike-slip fault basin. The giant extended strike-slip fault basin began to form during Pliocene, and its topography was basically formed during the late Pleistocene. It is the special topography formed during the strike-slip deformation process of the Altyn Tagh Fault Zone and under both transpression and uplifting.     

Geological and chronological evidence of Indo-Chinese strike-slip movement in the Altyn Tagh fault zone

A set of granitic and amphibole mylonite are exposed in the Altyn Tagh fault zone. The preliminary study shows that these rocks are the product of the syntectonic anatexis in the process of the left-lat- eral strike-slip shear, and are the result of the ductile transpression. There are two types of zircon sorted from the mylonite formed with synshear anatexis. Among them, one is the anatectic long columnar zircon and another is the residual metamorphic sub-rounded columnar zircon. Two groups of age for single zircon measured by ion microprobe (SHRIMP) are obtained: one is 461-547 Ma for the sub-rounded columnar residual metamorphic zircon, and the other is 239-244 Ma for the long-columnar anatectic zircon. This type of zircon is directionally spread in rock, and the long axis direction of its crystal is identical to that of stretching lineation, representing the direction of tectonic stress in the process of the strike-slip. 40Ar-39Ar age of the directional growth hornblende in the same mylonite sample measured is 223-226 Ma. The above geological and chronological data prove that the syntectonic anatexis occurred during Indo-Chinese Epoch, showing that the strong strike-slip movement occurred in the Altyn Tagh fault zone at least as early as Indo-Chinese Epoch.     

Sapphirine-bearing high pressure mafic granulite and its implications in the south Altyn Tagh

Sapphirine is a relatively uncommon mineral whichgenerally occurs in granulite with bulk compositions richin both Mg and Al. It was mainly recognized in Al-richrocks of Precambrian granulite terrane[1]. Recently, it wasalso reported from the HP/HT metamorphic rocks in thePhanerozoic collision orogens[2,3]. In China, up to now,sapphirine was only reported in Precambrian Al-richgneisses from the Daqingshan area, Inner Mongolia[4].Sapphirine often forms from the breakdown of earlieraluminou…     

阿尔金断裂带东端断裂展布型式的研究

利用高精度的ETM卫星图像,从宏观和露头尺度对阿尔金断裂带过祁连山后的酒西盆地-宽滩山地区的断裂展布形式和特征进行了详细的地质解译和实地考察,发现除主干断层以外还有4条具有一定规模的均具左旋位错特征的分支断层,且呈"树枝状"展布。通过研究得出,阿尔金断裂带以"树枝状"的型式消失在酒西盆地和花海盆地内。     

阿尔金断裂带东端断裂展布型式的研究

利用高精度的ETM卫星图像,从宏观和露头尺度对阿尔金断裂带过祁连山后的酒西盆地-宽滩山地区的断裂展布形式和特征进行了详细的地质解译和实地考察,发现除主干断层以外还有4条具有一定规模的均具左旋位错特征的分支断层,且呈“树枝状”展布。通过研究得出,阿尔金断裂带以“树枝状”的型式消失在酒西盆地和花海盆地内。     

阿克塞盆地和肃北盆地中新世沉积特征及其与阿尔金断裂关系的研究

阿克塞盆地和肃北盆地分列于阿尔金断裂两侧,形成于中新世,有人认为它们曾是统一的盆地,在中新世末期由于阿尔金断裂的活动而被分割。然而砂岩成分分析表明,这两个盆地具有不同的物源特征：阿克塞盆地主要以石英和岩屑为主,含有大量的变质岩岩屑;肃北盆地主要以石英和长石为主,含有大量的岩浆岩岩屑。这两个盆地也具有不同的重矿物组合,与阿克塞盆地相比,肃北盆地含有较多的不稳定矿物（绿帘石和角闪石）。两个盆地的形成及演化均受控于阿尔金断裂,但它们最初并非为统一的盆地。推断阿尔金断裂在渐新世开始走滑,并造成阿尔金山隆升,控制阿克塞盆地的沉积;阿尔金断裂的走滑运动造成党河南山抬升,形成了肃北盆地。     

Lawsonite-bearing eclogites in the north Qilian and north Altyn Tagh： Evidence for cold subduction of oceanic crust

Laboratory experiments and thermal models predic that lawsonite-bearing eclogite should be the dominan rock types for typical oceanic subduction zone[1,2] However, eclogite containing unaltered lawsonite is rare in nature and has been described only from …     

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating for Qiashikansayi granodiorite, the Northern Altyn Tagh Mountains and its geological implications

The Qiashikansayi granodiorite is foliated resulting in a granodioritic gneiss. Its geochemical features, such as alumina saturation index(A/CNK) of 0.81-0.99, Na2O/K2O values>1, TiO2 contents <1.0%, LREE enrichment with high fractionation factors, weakly negative or no Eu anomalies, and significant Ba and Ti negative anomalies, suggest that it is similar to a typical island arc pluton. The trace elements of the Qiashikansayi granodiorite are plotted in the island arc field in the tectonic setting discrimination diagrams as well. Cathodoluminescence images demonstrated that the zircons have clear rhythmic crystallized zoning, without any remnant core and new crystallized rim, suggesting the zircons be magmatic ones. Their U and Th contents vary in the range of 574-870 μg/g, and 279-556μg/g respectively, with the Th/U ratio in the range of 0.52-0.68. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yielded the 481.5±5.3 Ma age for the intrusion of the granodiorite, which is coeval with the island arc volcanic rocks in the no     

The ages of U-Pb and Sm-Nd for eclogite from the western segment of Altyn Tagh tectonic belt

The eclogites of Altyn Tagh tectonic belt occur as lens within gneisses characterized by amphibolite-facies mineral parageneses. The well-preserved eclogite is selected for Sm-Nd and U-Pb isotopic dating. The Sm-Nd isotopic data yield a whole rock-garnet-omphacite isochron of (500 ± 10) Ma. The U-Pb isotopic measurements of zircons show that the four grain populations are nearly concordant and well plotted on concordia curves, giving a weighted mean age (503.9 ± 5.3) Ma. Two kinds of methods obtain a similar age which reveals the peak metamorphic age of eclogites, and reflect the existence of orogenic root related to Caledonian subduction and continent-continent collision.     

Discovery of ultrahighpressure magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite (>3.8 GPa) in the Altyn Tagh,Northwest China

Magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite from the Altyn Tagh, associated with garnet pyroxenite, and garnet-bearing felsic gneiss, crops out as lenses in Proterozoic gneiss about 100 km east of the Jianggelasayi River. The garnet lherzolite, together with the eclogite in western Jianggelasayi, composes a high-pressure to ultrahigh- pressure metamorphic belt in the southern margin of the Altyn Tagh. Parageneses of minerals from magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite indicate that the rock evolved a multi-stage metamorphism. The peak-stage metamorphism produces an assemblage of Grt+Ol+Opx+Cpx±Mgs, in which Al₂O₃ content of Opx is very low (0.30 — 0.66wt%). The calculated P-T condition of the peak stage is 3.8—5.1GPa and 880—970℃, some exsolution rods of clinopyroxene and rutile occur in the Grt and magnesite is rimed by dolomite and orthopyroxene, all implying that the peak stage was a UHP metamorphic process. Together with regional geological studies, isotopic dating and the discovery of coesite inclusions in zircon separates from felsic gneiss from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, the presence of a very long UHP metamorphic belt in northwest China is suggested.