新的适用于整个热力面的1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)跨接状态方程

1前言作者建立了一个新型的符合临界重整化群理论的跨接状态方程，能够描述物质的整个区域热力性质山。鉴于R134a是R12的新的主要替代制冷剂，为了计算其整个区域的热力性质，本文将新跨接状态方程应用于R134a，以便提供一个能在整个区域计算R134a热力性质的状态方程。2新跨接状态方程作者建立了以下型式的新跨接状态方程l‘］：上式中，西方一r一IDZ户一p巾c；，一DI—TD；T—To／T；产为密度；pc为临界密度；T为温度；To为临界温度；矿对比过余Helmholtz自由能；A是Helmholtz自由能。新函数中，a。一30，a，一10；0—0．325和西一…     

Thermodynamics of a long-range triangle-well fluid

The long-range triangle-well fluid has been studied using three different approaches: firstly, by an analytical equation of state obtained by a perturbation theory, secondly via a self-consistent integral equation theory, the so-called self-consistent Ornstein–Zernike approach (SCOZA) which is presently one of the most accurate liquid-state theories, and finally by Monte Carlo simulations. We present vapour–liquid phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties such as the internal energy and the pressure as a function of the density at different temperatures and for several values of the potential range. We assess the accuracy of the theoretical approaches by comparison with Monte Carlo simulations: the SCOZA method accurately predicts the thermodynamics of these systems and the first-order perturbation theory reproduces the overall thermodynamic behaviour for ranges greater than two molecular diameters except that it overestimates the critical point. The simplicity of the equation of state and the fact that it is analytical in the potential range makes it a good candidate to be used for calculating other thermodynamic properties and as an ingredient in more complex theoretical approaches.     

Scaled equation of state for supercooled water near the liquid-liquid critical point

We have developed a scaled parametric equation of state to describe and predict thermodynamic properties of supercooled water. The equation of state, built on the growing evidence that the critical point of supercooled liquid-liquid water separation exists, is universal in terms of theoretical scaling fields and is shown to belong to the Ising-model class of universality. The theoretical scaling fields are postulated to be analytical combinations of the physical fields, pressure, and temperature. The equation of state enables us to accurately locate the "Widom line" (the locus of stability minima) and determine that the critical pressure is considerably lower than predicted by computer simulations.     

Some features of the perturbing effects of gravity near the gas liquid critical point

The effect of gravity on various thermodynamic properties near the gas-liquid critical point has been calculated. Using a simple equation satisfying scaling requirements, an analytic expression for density profile is obtained, using which the effect on different thermodynamic properties can be easily calculated.     

Singular effects of impurities near the ferromagnetic quantum-critical point

Systematic theoretical results for the effects of a dilute concentration of magnetic impurities on the thermodynamic and transport properties in the region around the quantum critical point of a ferromagnetic transition are obtained. In the quasiclassical regime, the dynamical spin fluctuations enhance the Kondo temperature. This energy scale decreases rapidly in the quantum fluctuation regime, where the properties are those of a line of critical points of the multichannel Kondo problem with the number of channels increasing as the critical point is approached, except at unattainably low temperatures where a single channel wins out.     

The time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for the two-velocity difference model

A thermodynamic theory is formulated to describe the phase transition and critical phenomenon in traffic flow.Based on the two-velocity difference model,the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation under certain condition is derived to describe the traffic flow near the critical point through the nonlinear analytical method.The corresponding two solutions,the uniform and the kink solutions,are given.The coexisting curve,spinodal line and critical point are obtained by the first and second derivatives of the thermodynamic potential.The modified Korteweg de Vries (mKdV) equation around the critical point is derived by using the reductive perturbation method and its kink-antikink solution is also obtained.The relation between the TDGL equation and the mKdV equation is shown.The simulation result is consistent with the nonlinear analytical result.     

Simple fundamental equation of state for liquid,gas, and fluid of argon,nitrogen, and carbon dioxide

A new fundamental low-parametric equation of state in the form of reduced Helmholtz function for describing thermodynamic properties of normal substances was obtained using the methods and approaches developed earlier by the authors. It allows us to describe the thermal properties of gas, liquid, and fluid in the range from the density in ideal-gas state to the density at a triple point (except the critical region) with sufficiently high accuracy close to the accuracy of experiment. The caloric properties and sound velocity of argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide are calculated without involving any caloric data, except the ideal gas enthalpy. The obtained values of isochoric heat capacity, sound velocity, and other thermodynamic properties are in good agreement with experimental (reliable tabular) data.     

The simple fundamental equation of state for liquid,gas, and fluid of xenon

To describe the thermodynamic properties of xenon, a new fundamental low-parametric equation of state (in the form of reduced Helmholtz energy) is obtained with the help of the methods and approaches developed by the authors. It allows us to describe the thermal properties of gas, liquid, and fluid with a sufficiently high accuracy close to the accuracy of experiment in a range from the density in the ideal gas state to the density at the triple point, excluding the critical region. The caloric properties and speed of xenon sound are calculated without involving any caloric data, with the exception of ideal gas enthalpy. The values of isobaric heat capacity, sound speed, and other thermodynamic properties obtained by calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

The functional renormalization group and O(4) scaling

The critical behavior of the chiral quark-meson model is studied within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG). We derive the flow equation for the scale-dependent thermodynamic potential at finite temperature and density in the presence of a symmetry-breaking external field. We perform a set of approximations to formulate and solve the FRG flow equation in the presence of fermionic degrees of freedom and test their influence on the O(4) critical properties expected in the quark-meson model. Within this scheme, the critical scaling behavior of the order parameter, its transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities as well as the correlation lengths near the chiral phase transition are computed for vanishing baryon density. We focus on the scaling properties of these observables at non-vanishing external field when approaching the critical point from the symmetric as well as from the broken phase. We confront our numerical results with the Widom–Griffiths form of the magnetic equation of state, obtained by a systematic ε expansion of the scaling function.     

一种新的对比态混合物状态方程的建立

1引言在混合替代工质的研究中，要分析其热力学性质和循环性能，必须有能够准确描述混合制冷剂性质的状态方程。目前计算采用的各种混合状态方程都必需有混合物各组分间的二元交互作用系数Kij。Kij的值一般需要由回归二元混合工质的PVTx实验数据或相平衡数据而得到。实际的混合工质替代研究中，常常没有或缺少混合物的实验数据。对于二元混合物而言，其热力性质应与组成这种混合物的两种纯质的性质密切相关，有可能以纯质的物性来表达混合物的性能，而大多数纯质制冷剂都有用实验数据回归的精度很高的专用状态方程和蒸气压方程。所以，如…     

Phase separation of highly dissymmetric binary ionic mixtures

We study the phase separation of binary ionic mixtures involving two species of classical point ions in a rigid uniform neutralizing background of degenerate electrons. The thermodynamic properties of the ionic fluid are calculated on the basis of the HNC integral equation for the three partial pair distribution functions. We develop a systematic technique which allows the properties of mixtures of arbitrary composition to be expressed in terms of infinitely dilute solutions. Phase diagrams and critical parameters are determined for 12 different binary systems involving ionic charge ratios between 2 and 8. The dependence of the critical temperature on the ionic charges, on the pressure and an ionic quantum corrections is examined in detail.     

A scaling equation of state near the critical point and the stability boundary of a liquid

A new scaling equation of state is proposed to describe the equilibrium thermodynamic properties of liquids near the critical point. In distinction from the existing scaling equations, which are parametric, the new equation is nonparametric and is expressed directly in terms of the physical quantities (pressure, temperature, and so on). It creates a number of advantages for the traditional representation and data processing. The equation gives rise to a binodal, spinodal, and a curve of thermal capacity divergence (pseudospinodal). The equation is expressed in terms of reduced variables (the ratio of the deviation of a thermodynamic variable from its critical value to the critical value) and contains 3 system-dependent adjustable constants. With the help of this equation, we conducted an approximation of the experimental PVT data in the critical region of ⁴He, C₂H₄, and H₂O with a pressure error of 0.4% and carried out a calculation of the C _v ⁴He thermal capacity with no more than 4% error using a three-system constant determined from the PVT data.     

Generalized be the — Peierls — Guggenheim relations in the theory of critical phenomena

A relation (called by the author a limiting similarity relation) is suggested, generalizing the results of the well-known Bethe-Peierls—Guggenheim quasichemical approximation, including features of thermodynamic functions close to the critical point. Based on this relation and on scaling considerations, the equation of state is obtained in the specific case of Ising magnetism, as well as equations relating the critical temperature, the index, and the amplitude of singularity of several thermodynamic functions close to the critical point.     

Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation for lattice hydrodynamic model describing pedestrian flow

A thermodynamic theory is formulated to describe the phase transition and critical phenomena in pedestrian flow. Based on the extended lattice hydrodynamic pedestrian model taking the interaction of the next-nearest-neighbor persons into account, the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equation is derived to describe the pedestrian flow near the critical point through the nonlinear analysis method. The corresponding two solutions, the uniform and the kink solutions, are given. The coexisting curve, spinodal line, and critical point are obtained by the first and second derivatives of the thermodynamic potential.     

A Quasiparticle Equation of State with a Phenomenological Critical Point

We propose a hybrid parameterization of a quasiparticle equation of state, where a critical point is implemented phenomenologically. In this approach, a quasiparticle model with finite chemical potential is used to describe the quark-gluon plasma phase by fitting to the lattice quantum chromodynamics data at high temperature. On the other hand, the hadronic resonance gas model with excluded volume correction is employed for the hadronic phase. An interpolation scheme is implemented so that the phase transition is a smooth crossover when the chemical potential is smaller than a critical value, or otherwise approximately of the first order according to Ehrenfest’s classification. Also, the thermodynamic consistency is guaranteed for the equation of state related to both the quasiparticle model and the implementation of the critical point.     

Nonlocal fluid density distribution in the vicinity of the critical point

The differential equation for the component local density of a binary fluid was obtained as a result of an isoperimetric problem of the system free energy minimization under condition of particle number stability. The obtained expression can be used in the calculation of liquid's profiles as well as in the investigation of thermodynamic properties in the vicinity of the critical point. An isoperimetric problem solution for the model binary fluid of the system free energy minimization under condition of particle number stability was obtained in different cases: fluid within flat parallel layer under a gravitational field, under a gravitational field and wall potential as well as under a wall potential for another equation of state.     

Nonparametric scaled equation of state and approximation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>-ρ-<Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> data near the vapor-liquid critical point

We present a new scaled equation of state adequately describing the P-ρ-T data for fluids near the vapor-liquid transition point and compare this equation to the Schofield parametric equation of state. A comparative analysis of the approximation of data for He⁴, C₂H₄, and H₂O in the critical region shows that both these equations correctly describe the behavior of thermodynamic functions asymptotically close to the critical point.     

铝热力学特性的晶格动力学研究

在准谐近似下,利用准谐德拜模型通过亥母霍兹自由能构造出了铝在低于熔点温度范围内的物态方程和热力学特性。研究表明,在广泛的温度和压强范围内,铝的体积弹性模量和对应体积与有效的实验值一致,且其静态物态方程以及不同温度和压强下的热容量、熵、热膨胀系数等热力学特性也与有效的实验结果符合的很好。     

氦-3状态方程研究进展第一部分:固-液、气-液饱和线以及临界区状态方程

宽温度和压力范围内的3He详细热力参数数据对进行极低温基础科学研究和制冷特性研究是至关重要的,但至今尚缺乏一个热力学统一的解析形式状态方程来准确描述1K左右到室温300K温区的3He热力学性质.在收集和整理各类研究3He热力性质文献的基础上,总结了3He固-液、气-液饱和线以及临界区状态方程的研究状况.这项工作不仅能为关心3He局部区域性质的研究人员提供总结,而且可为今后开发宽范围的3He热力学状态方程提供参考.