Performance analysis of an efficient exhaust heat pump

In this paper, an experimental investigation of the steady state and dynamic behaviour of a new efficient exhaust heat pump is presented. The proposed system uses environmentally sound non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures as working fluids.Results showed that the performance has been significantly enhanced by the use of non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures over R-22.     

Study of non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures behaviour in gravity assisted heat pipes

In this study, a numerical model has been developed to predict the behaviour of non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures in smooth as well as textured gravity assisted heat pipes.In addition, experiments were performed on fully instrumented heat pipes using pure as well as non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures to determine their heat-transfer characteristics. The effects of operating conditions on the transport capability have been measured and analyzed.Numerical results showed that the proposed model favourably predicted the performance of the heat pipes under various conditions and compared well with experimental data.     

板式蒸发器非共沸工质换热与压降研究

目前,针对单工质或近共沸工质的板式蒸发器研究已有开展,但对于非共沸工质的尚未见报道;本文结合实验 数据,欲将已有实验关联式推广到非共沸混合工质,经过比较发现,Hsieh的应用近共沸工质R410a的换热系数关联式 能很好的适应大温度滑移的混合工质,另外本文对摩擦压降关联式的系数经过适当的修正后也能应用于该工质。     

R410A在水平内螺纹管中沸腾换热实验研究

对于非共沸混合制冷剂R410A在外径9.52mm、5mm的两种不同的几何参数的内螺纹的流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究,分析讨论了制冷剂质量流速、管外水流量变化、强化管的参数、强化管的压降对换热系数影响以及其机理。试验的结果表明:换热系数随着流量的增大而增大,管径的大小对换热系数的影响较大,在相同的流量下,9.52mm的换热系数比5mm的大到110%~230%,5mm管的压降比9.52mm的大200%~300%。     

混合工质高温水源热泵计算机模拟

针对高温混合工质热水热泵,本文提出了纯质及混合工质的热泵模拟程序;本程序详细考虑了混合工质纯传递特性对换热的影响,在只输入热泵系统结构参数以及外部换热参数的条件下,应用本程序能进行热泵系统冷热水温度、换热器温度场、制冷制热量及系统的性能参数计算。     

Transient response and cycling losses of air-to-water heat pump systems

This paper investigates the transient response of an experimental domestic size air-to-water heat pump system during start-up conditions. The aim was to quantify the losses associated with on-off cycling under different design and control conditions and to develop algorithms that represent accurately the performance of the system during transient operation. The results suggest that cycling losses depend not only on the thermal mass of the components but also on the degree of refrigerant migration from the condenser to the evaporator during the off-cycle. On-off cycling losses associated with refrigerant migration represent an up to 11% reduction in the COP of the system. Refrigerant flow controls which prevent refrigerant migration during the off-cycle can reduce cycling losses to approximately 6%.     

燃气机热泵系统电子膨胀阀流量控制的研究

本文通过理论分析及实验测试,研究燃气机热泵系统启动过程和大范围变容量调节过程中系统流量特性,提出了适合于燃气机热泵系统的电子膨胀阀流量控制策略.结果表明文中所提出的模糊自适应PID控制方法和模糊PID控制方法的控制性能要优于常规的PID控制方法.     

一种非共沸混合工质的循环特性分析

本文首先利用CSD方程进行了理论分析,得到了R290/R123/R600a物系的COP值、单位容积制冷量、冷凝和蒸发压力的相图;然后,在小型压缩式热泵实验台上进行了实际工况运行分析,发现该工质可以在较大的温度范围高效循环,这也是目前其它工质所不具备的特点。     

自复叠制冷循环中混合工质泄漏性能的研究

尽管自复叠制冷循环越来越广泛的用于深冷及普冷领域,对于循环中工质泄漏特性的研究却较少。以非共沸混合工质两相区的等温泄漏为基础,分析了在自复叠循环装置中各部件的泄漏对工质组成的影响,其中发生在冷凝器出口处、气液分离器和蒸发器出口处的泄漏对工质组成影响较大。以采用非共沸混合工质R600 a/CO2的自复叠低温冷冻箱为例,研究了不同泄漏点不同泄漏率的泄漏特性。结果说明当工质泄漏时混合工质组成和循环性能发生变化,在蒸发器出口处的泄漏对循环性能影响最大;当泄漏引起循环工质组成发生较大变化时,压缩机变容量和变压力比调节能力明显降低,此时系统不能满足设计工况的要求,工作性能变差。     

以ZHR02为制冷剂的中高温热泵实验研究

中高温热泵混合工质ZHR02在油溶性、热物性、材料相容性、环保指标等方面的综合性能优越,为中高温热泵新型工质。文中设计了中高温热泵机组,选取ZHR02作为制冷剂进行了中高温热泵实验研究。研究表明,机组在名义工况下能够稳定生产70℃左右的热水,COP达4.3。     

混合工质变浓度空调系统动态特性的模拟

本文在分析混合工质变浓度空调系统的传热传质和参数间的相互耦合关系的基础上,以实际流体的质量、动量和能量守恒方程为基础,结合系统各部件的特点,分别建立了各部件的数学模型,并实现了对系统动态特性的模拟计算和分析。     

小型空气源热泵热水机组实验研究

针对目前空气源热泵热水器存在的问题,建立了以制冷剂R134A为工质的实验台进行实验研究,在不同的环境温度、供水温度的不同、制冷剂的种类、制冷剂流量的大小、制冷剂的充注量的多少、换热器和压缩机及节流装置等因素影响下得出数据.通过分析空气源热泵的工作原理和实验装置,提出了提高空气源热泵热水器性能的优化措施,为设计高效热泵热...     

Flow boiling characteristics of refrigerant mixture R-22/R-114 in the annulus of enhanced surface tubing

This paper presents an experimental study of flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant mixture R-22/R-114 in the annuli of a horizontal enhanced surface tubing evaporator. The geometric parameters of the test section are: inner tube bore diameter of 17.5 mm, envelope diameter of 28.6 mm and outer smooth tube of 32.3 mm I.D. The ranges of heat flux and mass velocity covered in the tests were 5–25 kW m⁻² and 180–290 kg m²⁻s⁻¹ respectively, at a pressure of 570 kPa. The enhanced surface tubing data showed a significant enhancement of the heat transfer compared to an equivalent smooth tube depending on the mixture's components and their concentrations. Correlations were proposed to predict the heat transfer characteristics such as average heat transfer coefficients as well as pressure drops of R-22/R-114 non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture flow boiling inside enhanced surface tubing. In addition, it was found that the refrigerant mixture's pressure drop is a weak function of the mixture's composition.     

A Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of Additives to Enhance Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of a Non-Azeotropic Mixture

Adding nanoparticles or surfactants to pure working fluid is a common and effective method to improve the heat transfer performance of pool boiling. The objective of this research is to determine whether additives have the same efficient impact on heat transfer enhancement of the non-azeotropic mixture. In this paper, Ethylene Glycol/Deionized Water (EG/DW) was selected as the representing non-azeotropic mixture, and a comparative experiment was carried out between it and the pure working fluid. In addition, the effects of different concentrations of additives on the pool boiling heat transfer performance under different heat fluxes were experimentally studied, including TiO₂ nanoparticles with different particle diameters, different kinds of surfactants, and mixtures of nanofluids and surfactants. The experimental results showed that the nanoparticles deteriorated the heat transfer of the EG/DW solution, while the surfactant enhanced the heat transfer of the solution when the concentration closed to a critical mass fraction (CMC). However, the improvement effect was unsteady with the increase in the heat flux density. The experimental results suggest that the mass transfer resistance of the non-azeotropic mixture is the most important factor in affecting heat transfer enhancement. Solutions with 20 nm TiO₂ obtained a steady optimum heat transfer improvement by adding surfactants.     

R32/R134a在微通道内流动沸腾特性

研究非共沸混合工质R32/R134a(质量比,25%/75%)在水平微尺度通道内流动沸腾换热规律。在各种工况下进行了非共沸混合工质R32/R134a在水平微尺度管道内流动沸腾换热的实验,考察了质量流量G、热流密度q、质量干度x对微尺度通道内流动沸腾换热系数的影响。研究表明:在热流密度、质量流量都较低的区域,对细管道,换热系数与热流密度的关联度较大;而对微管道,换热系数受影响的因素比较多,并在干度为0.6时出现"干涸"现象,使得换热系数急剧下降。在质量流量高的区域,对细管道,热流密度对换热系数的影响很小;而对微尺度管道,当干度为0.06时换热系数发生转变,随质量干度的增加先减小后增大,热流密度增大到一定的阶段后,换热系数不再随热流密度变化。     

非共沸混合工质自复叠热泵循环试验研究

单级压缩式热泵冷凝温度与蒸发温度之差一般为40~50℃,非共沸混合工质自复叠循环具有工作温差大的优点,将其应用于热泵循环,则可产生较大的供热温差。该文通过搭建一个空气源自复叠热泵实验台,利用NIST公司的制冷剂物性数据库Refprop7,绘制出了混合工质的温度-浓度图。经过实验,分析了自复叠热泵循环工作温差的影响因素,得出了自复叠热泵气液分离器简单分离对增大工作温差的作用有限,增加工质的相对挥发度也不能显著改善热泵的运行性能等结论。并进一步得出了增设分凝设施可显著增大工作温差的结论。     

Performance of a Single-Family Heat Pump at Different Working Conditions Using Small Quantity of Propane as Refrigerant

The performance of a domestic heat pump that uses a low quantity of propane as refrigerant has been experimentally investigated. The heat pump consists of two minichannel aluminium heat exchangers, a scroll compressor, and an electronic expansion valve. It was charged with the minimum amount of refrigerant propane required for the stable operation of the heat pump without permitting refrigerant vapor into the expansion valve at incoming heat source fluid temperature to the evaporator of +10°C. The inlet temperature of the heat source fluid passing through the evaporator was varied from +10°C to ?10°C while holding the condensing temperature constant at 35°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, respectively. The minimum refrigerant charges required at above-tested condensing temperatures were found to decrease when the condensing temperature increased and were recorded as 230 g, 224 g, 215 g, and 205 g, respectively. The results confirm that a heat pump with 5 kW capacity can be designed with less than 200 g charge of refrigerant propane in the system. Due to the high solubility of propane in compressor lubrication oil, the amount of refrigerant which may escape rapidly in case of accident or leakage is less than 150 g.     

水蒸气超高温热泵系统的实验研究

近年来以低温室效应(GWP)的制冷剂的蒸汽压缩式高温热泵一直是余热回收领域的研究热点.为获得更高的输出温度,本课题组搭建了一台采用自然工质水作为循环冷媒的超高温热泵样机并进行了实验测试.实验结果表明蒸发温度为80℃,冷凝温度从115℃升至145℃时,热泵的COP从4.88降至1.89.在85℃蒸发,117℃冷凝时,最高...     

混合工质变浓度空气源热泵系统的研究

本文分析了不同浓度混合工质R32／R134a和纯质R22理论循环性能,应用新型变浓度实验热泵装置测定了混合工质R32／R134a的变浓度循环特性,并与纯质R22进行了比较。结果表明,混合工质R32／R134a具有较好的容量调节特性。     

Thermodynamic criteria for optimal absorption heat pump media

The performance of absorption heat pump cycles is to a great degree dependent on the substances used as the working pair. It is therefore of great interest to know the influences of the pure component properties of the absorbent and the refrigerant, respectively, and the influence of a mixture of both on the performance parameters of an absorption heat pump.A methodological approach based on fundamental thermodynamic relations is proposed to estimate the influence of the working pair on heat pump performance. On this basis, criteria to preselect working media can be established.A thorough simulation of absorption heat pump cycles shows that three properties predominantly influence the COP of a heat pump. These are the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant at normal boiling point and the size and location of the extremum of the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, g^E. Of these three properties the two properties of mixing exert the greatest influence.Good performances can be expected for working pairs which show high heats of evaporation for the refrigerants at normal boiling point and the extrema of the excess Gibbs free energy of −1000–2000 kJ kmol⁻¹. The extremum of g^E should preferably be located at high concentrations of the refrigerant.