Quantum chemical study of catalysts based on oxides of transition metals

Catalysts based on oxides of transition metals were studied by X α–DV calculations. The chemical composition and electronic structure of surface layers for platinum(IV) oxide catalysts modified under percompound electrosynthesis were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic, quantum chemical, and electrochemical data. The main regularities in electronic structure change under the transition from solid pure oxide PtO₂ to its, in part, N-substituted PtO_2–xN_x were analyzed. Then, we looked for perspective catalysts, calculating the electronic structure for analogous compounds of Ir(III), Ir(IV), Rh(III), and Pd(II). We found that the changes in electronic structure of rhodium oxide under O—N-substitution allowed us to predict the excellent properties of its compound as a catalyst for percompound electrosynthesis reactions. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Copper hydroxide catalysts for selective oxidation: Quantum chemical study of active sites

The Cluster models of the copper hydroxide structure were constructed to investigate the oxidation of organic substrates containing unsaturated C-C bonds in the Cu(OH)₂/Н₂О₂ catalytic system. The B3LYP density functional calculations of the activation barriers for ethylene epoxidation by the mono- and binuclear Cu^II hydroperoxo complexes corroborated the possibility of non-radical oxygen transfer from the terminal CuOOH hydroperoxo group. The activation barriers presented are relatively high compared to the barriers in the range of 12-15 kcal/mol calculated at the same computational level for Ti^IV hydroperoxo intermediates and Re^VII bisperoxo complexes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A density functional study of the chemical differences between Type I and Type II MoS2-based structures in hydrotreating catalysts

Density functional theory is used to investigate the origin of the activity differences between Type I and Type II MoS2-based structures in hydrotreating catalysts. It is well known that the Type II structures, where only weak interactions with the support exist, have a higher catalytic activity than Type I structures, where Mo-O linkages to the alumina are present. The present results show that the differences in activities for MoS2 and Co-Mo-S structures can be attributed to the electronic and bonding differences introduced by the bridging O bonds. We find that the Mo-O linkages are most probably located on the (1010) S edge. The presence of oxygen linkages increases the energy required to form sulfur vacancies significantly so that almost no vacancies can be formed at these and neighboring sites. In this way, the reactivity of the S edge is reduced. In addition, the studies also show that the linkages introduce changes in the one-dimensional metallic-like brim states. Furthermore, the presence of oxygen linkages also changes the energetics of hydrogen adsorption, which becomes less exothermic on sulfur sites directly above linkages and more exothermic on sulfur sites adjacent to linkages. The present results explain previously observed differences in Type I-Type II transition temperatures for Co-Mo-S structures with different Co contents.     

Quantum chemical study of the inhibitive properties of 2-pyridyl-azoles

Four molecules that have been proven to act as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in acidic media are studied. The inhibitive efficiency of these molecules is explained by means of electronic structure calculations of the protonated species that seem to represent better the actual situation of the experimental conditions. By assuming that the interaction between the inhibitor and the metallic surface occurs through donation and back-donation, it is shown, with a simple charge transfer model, that the interaction energy is favored when hardness increases, in agreement with the experimentally observed inhibition efficiencies. A local analysis with Hirshfeld condensed Fukui functions, and local Fukui functions, provides further support to the donation and back-donation mechanism.     

Quantum chemical study of cyclic dipeptides

The preferred conformations of cyclic dipeptides were first studied systemically using the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method at the 6‐31G(d) level. The structural characteristics of cyclic dipeptides were revealed, most of which have not been confirmed until now. Our studies showed that the six‐member main circles of cyclic dipeptides composed of natural L ‐amino acid residues appeared as boat conformations. The important factors that influence conformations of cyclic dipeptides, such as molecular total energy, nuclear repulsion energy, molecular orbit, spatial effects, and reactive mechanism, are discussed in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007     

斑蝥素衍生物的量子化学研究

在112种合成的斑蝥素衍生物中,N-羟基斑蝥胺(2)、N-甲基斑蝥胺(3)、N-乙基斑蝥胺(4)、N-烯丙基斑蝥胺(5)具有抗肝癌活性,且毒副作用很小。其中N-羟基斑蝥胺和N-甲基斑蝥胺已用于临床试验,疗效较好。关于斑蝥素衍生物化学结构与抗肝癌活性之间的关系,已有报道,但尚未从电子结构方面系统考察构效因素。本文用CNDO/2法对五个活性和三个非活性斑蝥素衍生物分子,进行了量子化学计算,以探讨药物的构效关系。     

Quantum chemical study of allyl halides

Using the MNDO method we have shown that the bathochromic shift of the longwavelength region of absorption in the electronic spectrum of allyl bromide and allyl iodide on going to nonplanar conformers is due to the fact that, in this case, the transition ^* to the low-lying ^* orbital appears, which is forbidden in planar forms. In allyl fluoride and allyl chloride, , and the transition ^*, which depends little on conformation, is long-wavelength. In the gauche conformers of allyl halides, the frontier MOs are appreciably delocalized as a result of - interaction; in the s-trans conformer, the unshared pair of the heteroatom makes an insignificant contribution to the orbital only in allyl iodide.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2552–2557, November, 1989.     

Quantum chemical study of carbohydrate-phospholipid interactions

Carbohydrates on host membranes are fundamental to many important biological processes. Here, we seek a basic understanding of the nature of the interactions between carbohydrates and phospholipids to dissect their roles in molecular recognition. A hybrid quantum mechanics/quantum mechanics (QM/QM) scheme with two different levels of treatment was used to explore the conformations and energetics of carbohydrate-phospholipid complexes. We investigate the interactions of two phospholipids (POPC and DOPC) with mannose using density functional theory. Carbohydrate-phospholipid interactions are probed with respect to competing interactions with water. Our hybrid QM/QM approach demonstrates that mannose interactions with phospholipids can result in alterations in charge distributions and conformations of phospholipids. The results clearly reveal the interplay between conventional and nonconventional hydrogen bonding; moreover, nonpolar interactions are shown to be crucial in the recognition and further stabilization of carbohydrate-phospholipid complexes. The influence of the acyl chain on phospholipid headgroup orientation is clearly evident in our investigation. The significance of the conventional OH···O and nonconventional CH···O and CH···C interactions in the stabilization of the intermolecular complexes is deduced from the molecular electron density topology using Bader's atoms-in-molecules theory. Finally, we have compared the QM energies with molecular mechanics energies for the same interactions to aid in the refinement of the all-atom lipid-carbohydrate force fields.     

Quantum chemical study of the tautomerism of 2-acetylcyclopentane-1,3-dione

An AM-1 LCAO MO calculation showed than the isomer with an enolized C=O bond in the sidechain stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding is the thermodynamically most favorable among the three tautomers of 2-acetylcyclopentane-1,3-dione. The energy of the intramolecular hydrogen bond is about 8 kcal/mole.¹³ C NMR spectroscopy was used to show that 2-acetylcyclopentane-1,3-dione exists in the exocyclic enol form. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 2377–2381, October, 1989.     

平面五元水分子簇的量子化学研究

选用Gaussian03的B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)、DMol3的BLYP/DNP和deMon的BLYP/TZVP等方法计算了甲烷水合物(结构-1)中平面五元水分子簇的结合能和氢键能,作了基组重叠误差(BSSE)和色散能(dispersion)的修正,估算了次级相互作用的贡献.在DMol3程序中使用了大型数值基组DNP,将基组重叠误差降至最低.在Gaussi-an03的B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)计算中,采用平衡法(Counterpoise)校正基组重叠误差.两种计算方法给出了一致的结果,证实了在使用6-31G(d,p)基组时,一对水分子在平衡距离的基组重叠误差高达8 kJ/mol.为估算色散能的贡献,使用了新近发展的包含色散能的密度泛函的DFT程序deMon计算了五元水分子簇.用多种方法计算出了经基组重叠误差和色散能修正的五元水分子簇的分子间结合能和氢键能的较为精确的势能超曲面,为甲烷和其他气体水合物的分子动力学模拟提供了依据.     

Quantum chemical study of model fluorozirconate clusters

A number of fluorozirconate clusters having the general formula {fx41-01} were investigated by the DV-X_α quantum chemical method. The results of calculations are used to explain the existence of polyhedm with coordination numbers of the central atom 6, 7, and 8 in crystalline fluomzirconates. In the title series of clusters, the [ZrF₆]^2- octahedron and the dimer of edge-sharing seven-vertex polyhedm [Zr₂F₁₂]^4-s are highly stable. Translated from Zhumal Struktumoi Khimii, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 49-57, January–February, 2000.     

Quantum chemical study of allyl mercury compounds

Conclusions The appearance of a long-wavelength absorption band in nonplanar allyl mercury compounds is due to the , -conjugation effect. In planar compounds, this electronic transition lies in the far UV region.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2493–2496, November, 1987.     

Quantum chemical study of self-organized water fractals

The energetically possible ways of water condensation at the molecular level were considered. The quantum chemical calculations of the relative stability of elementary modules of the fractal structure without external fields using AM 1, CNDO /2, and MNDO methods were done. It was shown that CNDO /2 gives the most adequate results for simple water clusters. Condensation energy per molecule was chosen as a criterion of the cluster stability. It was shown that the twisted modules are the stable structures with respect to the water dissociation. In comparing the energies of the icelike and twisted structures, we conclude that the latter may exist under certain conditions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Quantum chemical study of ferrocene derivatives 2. Arylation reactions with aminophenols

Russian Chemical Bulletin - Using the Hartree–Fock approximation and within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional in the 3-21G basis we carried out...     

HNO2异构体及其相互转化反应机理的量子化学研究

NO在对流层和平流层的光化学过程起重要作用。HO自由基在清除大气污染物和生成臭氧过程中起着关键作用。HO自由基与NO反应生成非常活泼的自由基HONO,这在气相化学中具有重要地位。Cleaner等发现HNO2存在多种异构体,这些异构体间怎样转化以及其能否稳定存在的问题非常重要。     

配合物1,3-二甲基-2-二茂铁基甲基苯并咪唑的量子化学DFT研究

苯并咪唑及其衍生物具有良好的生物活性和荧光性质[1,2],在DNA拓扑酶抑制剂、HIV逆转录酶的抑制剂、分子探针等领域已有广泛应用,一直以来都是广大学者研究的热点[3]。苯并咪唑类化合物是一类活性很强的内吸型杀菌剂,它的主要作用方式是植物病原的R-微管蛋白结合,破坏R-微管蛋白的功能,抑制真菌的有丝分裂和形态建构。然而,随着使用时间的增加,病菌的抗生越来越强,导致在部分地区失效,给农业生产带来巨大损失。所以迫切需要寻找高效、新型的杀菌剂。近些年来,二茂铁衍生物因其广泛的生物活性,如抗癌、杀菌、杀虫、抗炎及调节植物生长等…     

Quantum chemical study of the autoxidation of ascorbate

Reactions involved in the autoxidation of ascorbate have been investigated with quantum chemical first‐principles and ab initio methods. Reaction energies and Gibbs energies of the reactions were calculated at the density functional theory level applying the gradient‐corrected BP86 and the hybrid B3LYP functionals together with def2‐TZVP basis sets. Results of single‐point CC2, CCSD, and CCSD(T) calculations were used for calibration of the density functional theory data and show excellent agreement with the B3LYP values. Based on the Gibbs energy ascorbic acid AscH₂ is found to be the energetically lowest species in aqueous solution, whereas the monoanion ascorbate AscH is the most abundant one near pH = 7. Asc was found to be the preferred reducing agent for autoxidation and oxidation processes. The results also support a metal‐catalyzed synthesis of the reactive oxygen species H₂O₂ according to a redox cycling mechanism proposed in literature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.