超声辅助提取-气相分子吸收光谱法测定火腿中亚硝酸盐

建立了超声辅助提取,气相分子吸收光谱法测定火腿中亚硝酸盐含量的高效、高灵敏分析方法.采用纯水提取火腿中的亚硝酸盐,对室温提取、水浴热提法和超声辅助提取法对火腿中亚硝酸盐的提取效率进行了比较.结果 表明:超声辅助提取法对火腿中亚硝酸盐的提取效率最佳.探究了超声提取时间及提取温度对火腿中亚硝酸盐提取的影响,结果表明:采用该...     

磷钼蓝分光光度法测定肉制品中亚硝酸盐

肉制品是一类深受人们喜爱的食品,在其生产过程中多采用亚硝酸盐作为发色剂,它不仅能使其保持良好的色泽,还能抑制肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌,保证肉制品的后熟风味。但近年来由于亚硝酸盐摄入量过多引起的食物中毒时有发生,且亚硝酸盐可与胺类生成强致癌物亚硝胺,     

流动注射在线分析法测定海水中的亚硝酸盐氮

建立流动注射在线分析法测定海水中亚硝酸盐氮的含量.样品中的亚硝酸盐与N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺盐酸盐及磺胺发生重氮反应,生成可溶于水的紫红色化合物,在波长520 nm处检测.海水中的亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度在0.00～5.00 mg/L范围与吸光度线性相关,海水中亚硝酸盐氮的检出限为0.005 mg/L.样品加标回收率为90....     

离子色谱法测定水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立了离子色谱法测定水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法.试样溶液中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐在YSA-8阴离子色谱柱分离,以4 mmol.L-1碳酸钠-3 mmol.L-1碳酸氢钠为流动相,电导检测.亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.02 mg·L-1和0.11 mg·L-1,工作曲线的线性范围分别在0.2～20.0 mg·L-1和0.3～30.0 mg·L-1范围内.该方法已应用于水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定,测得回收率在93.4%～105.2%之间.     

粤东7种野菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的测定

测定了粤东产7种野菜中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和维生素C.参考蔬菜中硝酸盐分级评价标准,和我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐限量标准,考虑到各种野菜的维生素C的量,对这7种野菜评价如下：积雪草、天胡荽、南方菟丝子和假的硝酸盐量低于轻度污染水平,亚硝酸盐量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐的限量标准（4.0 mg/kg）,维生素C的含量高或较高,所以,它们属于一级野菜, 可以安全食用;蛇含委陵菜和苍耳由于亚硝酸盐量过高,不宜食用或限量食用;荷莲豆的硝酸盐量高于1440 mg/kg,属于高度污染水平,亚硝酸盐量超过我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐的限量标准,不宜食用或限量食用.     

亚硝酸盐氮溶液标准物质的研制

建立了水中亚硝酸盐氮标准物质的研制方法.采用亚硝酸钠作为原料,采用重量–容量法配制水中亚硝酸盐氮溶液标准物质,将配制值作为标准值.亚硝酸钠纯度采用氧化还原滴定法测定,扣除还原性杂质对滴定结果的影响,并进行了不确定度评定,最终得到亚硝酸钠的纯度(质量分数)为99.48％,纯度的相对标准不确定度为0.2％.制备的亚硝酸盐氮...     

反相流动注射-长光程多波长分光光度法测定饮用水中超痕量亚硝酸盐

1 引言 亚硝酸盐是致癌物质N-亚硝胺的重要前体,故国家对饮用水中亚硝酸盐的含量有严格的要求.目前通常采用重氮偶联分光光度法检测水体中亚硝酸盐但该方法检测限为1 μg/L.但是,此检测限仅略低于国标中对瓶装饮用纯净水中亚硝酸盐含量的要求(2 μg/L),该方法操作时人为误差较大.本研究将反相流动注射与LWCC相结合,建立了饮用水中超痕量亚硝酸盐的快速检测方法,并用于分析市场上常见的瓶装饮用水和自来水样品.与其他检测方法相比,本方法具有样品消耗量少(10 mL,平行测定3次);方法灵敏高,定量下限为0.09 μg/L;线性范围宽(0.09～110 μg/L);分析速度快,样品通量为45h-1;适合用于工业在线分析和实时检测等特点.     

基于CoP纳米阵列的亚硝酸根传感器的研究

亚硝酸盐对环境和人体健康有着不利的影响,人体长期食用含大量亚硝酸盐的食物有致癌的风险,对亚硝酸盐的分析和检测是非常重要的. 开发高效的电催化剂,从而实现高灵敏度和高选择性的亚硝酸盐检测具有十分重要的意义. 作者通过先水热再低温磷化获得了磷化钴纳米阵列（CoP/TM）.电化学测试结果表明,所构建的CoP/TM电极对亚硝酸盐的还原具有高效的催化作用,线性检测范围为1.0 μmol·L^-1到1.0 mmol·L^-1,检测下限为18 nmol·L^-1（S/N=3）,响应灵敏度为17781 μA·(mmol·L^-1)^-1·cm^-2,响应时间小于3 s,选择性良好.     

二氧化锆/石墨烯复合材料对亚硝酸盐的电化学传感研究

制备了一种二氧化锆/还原氧化石墨烯(ZrO2NPs/rGO)复合材料修饰电极的亚硝酸盐电化学传感器,并成功用于亚硝酸盐的检测.采用循环伏安法和电流-时间曲线考察了修饰电极的电化学行为.实验结果表明,ZrO2NPs/rGO复合材料修饰电极对亚硝酸盐具有良好的电流响应.在最优实验条件下,电流-时间曲线中的电流响应信号与亚硝酸盐浓度在3.0×10Symbolm@@_7～1.0×10Symbolm@@_6 mol/L和1.0×10Symbolm@@_6～6.0×10Symbolm@@_6 mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为1.0×10Symbolm@@_7 mol/L(S/N 3).该传感器灵敏性高、稳定性和重现性好.使用此传感器检测实际样品香肠中的亚硝酸盐的回收率为93.7％～110.4％,相对标准偏差为1.6％～2.1％.     

亚硝酸盐的光催化氧化

利用半导体光催化剂Bi₂O₃对含亚硝酸盐废水的处理进行了研究,并讨论了影响亚硝酸盐氧化率的主要因素.实验结果表明:选择活性较高的Bi₂O₃作为光催化剂,当其用量为0.050 g,试液pH＝3.70,NO₂^--N起始浓度为 400.0 mg/L,光照1 h时,亚硝酸盐的氧化率达到7.0%.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。