可降解自固化类骨磷灰石支架的研究

0引言一直以来,钙磷生物材料如羟基磷灰石(hy-droxyapatite,HA)由于其成份与骨的无机成份相似,具有良好的生物相容性,作为骨修复材料引起了人们广泛的兴趣。磷酸钙骨水泥是一类可在生理条件下自固化的非陶瓷型类HA人工骨材料,这种由磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement,CPC)转变而成的HA,与天然骨磷灰石有类似的组成结构,植入人体后可参与新陈代谢,促进骨组织生长[1,2]。一些研究显示,CPC具有成骨活性和生物降解性,在体内被吸收的同时可引导新骨的生成,从而可克服自体骨、磷酸三钙陶瓷因吸收降解过快造成的局部缺陷以及陶瓷型HA长…     

电化学沉积制备羟基磷灰石涂层及机理研究

控制电沉积溶液中钙 /磷离子的浓度 ,在钛合金表面直接沉积羟基磷灰石 (HAP)陶瓷涂层 .XRD、SEM实验证实 ,制备的HAP晶粒完整 ,粒度均匀 .热力学计算表明HAP比TCP更易于生成 .文中讨论了羟基磷灰石 (HAP)涂层电沉积的机理 ,指出电沉积是一个二步过程 ,HAP的形成是从溶液中离子到固体的直接过程 ,没有前驱体的生成     

明胶溶液中沉淀法制备纯相β-磷酸三钙

本文以明胶、硝酸钙Ca(NO₃)₂和磷酸氢二铵(NH₄)₂HPO₄为前驱体,初始Ca/P为1.5,制备了纯相的β-磷酸三钙.红外谱图和X射线晶体衍射结果表明,溶液中直接沉淀得到的产物为缺钙磷灰石,该产物在明胶浓度≥0.22 %(质量分数)时热转化为纯相的β-磷酸三钙.通过晶体尺寸计算和比表面积测定,缺钙磷灰石的晶体大小随着明胶用量的增加而变小.透射电镜结果显示溶液中直接沉淀的缺钙磷灰石呈针状形貌,经过高温煅烧后,针状的缺钙磷灰石将相互融合形成葡萄状的β-磷酸三钙.差热/热重结果表明,明胶与生成的缺钙磷灰石形成了化学键合,这将有助于吸附较多的水分子,随后水分子与缺钙磷灰石发生化学反应生成羟基磷灰石,羟基磷灰石继续与沉淀中的偏磷酸钙反应生成β-磷酸三钙.本文还研究了明胶对纯相β-磷酸三钙的生成机理.     

磷酸根和Nafion修饰TiO_2表面腐植酸调控的可见光催化降解苯酚性能(英文)

光催化水处理技术有望成为一种有效去除水中难降解有机污染物的方法.尽管人们已经研制了大量的新型光催化剂,但在环境应用中纳米TiO_2仍是最受欢迎的催化剂.由于光催化反应在表面发生,反应动力学主要取决于TiO_2的表面性质,因此,表面修饰是调控TiO_2光催化反应的重要手段,其中Nafion和磷酸根表面修饰TiO_2简单可行.Nafion修饰可以通过离子交换吸附富集阳离子底物提高光催化降解效率;而磷酸根修饰则可以增强对弱吸附底物的降解活性.另一方面,水中共存的天然有机物(NOM)例如腐植酸(HA)将抑制TiO_2光催化降解目标污染物的活性,同时又将通过光敏化诱导可见光催化性能.因此,研究如何调控NOM对光催化反应的影响将有助于光催化水处理技术的工程应用.本文以HA作为代表性的NOM,研究了磷酸根和Nafion两种不同修饰方法对HA敏化TiO_2性能的影响规律.可见光降解苯酚的实验结果表明,HA的敏化可以提高TiO_2可见光降解苯酚的效率.磷酸根修饰TiO_2抑制了HA的敏化作用,而Nafion修饰则增强了HA的敏化作用并提高可见光降解苯酚的活性.当HA浓度为20 mg/L时,Nafion修饰TiO_2降解10 mg/L苯酚的反应速率常数由(0.003±0.001)min~(-1)提高至(0.025±0.003)min~(-1).表面修饰引起的反应活性差异不能归因于HA的吸附容量的变化,因为吸附实验表明在光催化反应条件下,两种表面修饰的TiO_2对HA的吸附容量并无显著差异.添加不同的自由基捕获剂发现,HA敏化TiO_2及Nafion修饰TiO_2降解苯酚的主要活性物质为超氧自由基,而磷酸根修饰TiO_2的光催化反应中并没有超氧自由基.通过检测超氧自由基的电子自旋共振信号进一步证实了这一点.测试发现,光催化反应中Nafion修饰TiO_2产生的H_2O2增加,而磷酸根修饰的几乎不产生H_2O2,说明可能发生了四电子的氧还原反应.莫特-肖特基曲线(Mott–Schottky)的测试结果表明,Nafion修饰TiO_2的平带电位从-0.54 V负移到-0.85 V,多数载流子电子的密度提高了62%.电化学阻抗结果显示,Nafion修饰TiO_2具有较小的界面电子迁移阻抗.这些变化有利于提高电子迁移速率,抑制复合并增加超氧自由基的生成,从而提高光催化性能.因此对TiO_2进行恰当的表面修饰,将有助于强化HA的敏化作用,并提高可见光催化降解目标有机污染物的活性.     

成骨肿瘤细胞在纳米氧化钛陶瓷表面的生物活性研究

以羟基磷灰石和氧化镁为晶粒生长抑制剂制备的纳米氧化钛陶瓷为研究对象, 采用体外成骨细胞Ros17/28与材料复合培养的方法, 通过MTT法、荧光染色法和SEM细胞形貌观察等手段综合判断细胞在材料表面的活性, 以此评价纳米氧化钛陶瓷的生物活性. 结果表明, 以羟基磷灰石为晶粒生长抑制剂的氧化钛陶瓷晶体颗粒尺寸达到纳米级, 其生物活性超出了以氧化镁为晶粒生长抑制剂的氧化钛陶瓷和纯羟基磷灰石陶瓷, 具有优异的生物相容性, 是生物活性陶瓷.     

氟、铈对磷酸三钙水解过程及其产物抗酸性的影响

研究了不同浓度的F- 和Ce3 +对磷酸三钙 (Ca3 (PO4) 2 ,TCP)的水解过程和水解产物的影响。XRD及IR实验结果表明 ,TCP在NaF溶液中的水解产物为羟基磷灰石 (Ca1 0 (PO4) 6(OH) 2 ,HAP)和氟基磷灰石 (Ca1 0 (PO4) 6F2 ,FAP)的混合物。氟离子浓度越高 ,FAP的含量越多。TCP水解过程的pH值变化随氟离子的起始浓度不同而不同。氟离子浓度越高 ,pH值越低。TCP在CeCl3 溶液中的水解产物为铈取代的羟基磷灰石 (CexCa1 0 -y(PO4) 6-z(OH) 2 ,Ce HAP)。溶解实验表明 ,氟处理比铈处理更有效地增强了TCP水解产物的抗酸性。当F -浓度为 0 1%或Ce3 +浓度为 5× 10 - 2 %时 ,TCP水解产物的抗酸性最强     

羟基磷灰石／胶原／植物多酚复合材料的研究

以原花色素、茶多酚等植物多酚为交联剂,采用低温原位合成法制备羟基磷灰石/胶原/植物多酚(HA/COL/PP)复合材料。对材料的形貌、热稳定性、溶胀性质进行了表征。结果表明,植物多酚的加入使复合材料中各成分结合更紧密,增加了复合材料的热稳定性,降低了复合材料的溶胀度。比较研究表明,添加原花色素对上述性能的改善更有效。为了考察加入植物多酚后复合材料的生物活性,分别对羟基磷灰石/胶原/原花色素(HA/COL/PA)、羟基磷灰石/胶原/茶多酚(HA/COL/TP)复合材料进行了体外矿化能力研究,观察到两种材料的表面都形成了新的矿化沉积层,说明加入了植物多酚不影响复合材料的体外矿化能力。因而,羟基磷灰石/胶原/植物多酚复合材料是一种有潜力的骨替代材料。     

含硅磷酸钙骨水泥的理化性质及体外细胞毒性

用共沉淀反应法制备硅酸三钙(C3S),将所制备的硅酸三钙(C3S)加入到磷酸钙系骨水泥(CPC)中,制备了一种新型的硅磷酸钙骨水泥(CPSC).研究了该复合骨水泥的理化性质和体外细胞毒性.与CPC骨水泥相比,硅磷酸钙骨水泥(CPSC)的固化时间延长,添加适量的C3S可提高CPC的抗压强度;在模拟体液(SBF)浸泡设定时间后,硅磷酸钙骨水泥(CPSC)降解率增加,并且在浸泡初期,SBF的pH增加.体外细胞毒性实验结果显示:复合C3S骨水泥浸提液能促进成纤维细胞的增殖,表明硅磷酸钙骨水泥有良好的生物相容性.含C3S的磷酸钙骨水泥可作为骨组织再生的生物材料使用.     

具有可见光响应的C、N共掺杂TiO2纳米管光催化剂的制备

为了提高二氧化钛对可见光的利用效率,采用等离子体电解方法对二氧化钛实现了C、N共掺杂.掺杂通过等离子体电解HCONH2、NaNO2、(NH2)2CO产生活性N、C实现.XPS结果表明,C、N掺杂进入了氧化钛晶格.紫外漫反射光谱分析表明,氧化钛对可见光(＞400 nm)的响应增强,其光催化降解能力也大大增强.C、N共掺杂TiO2是一种利用太阳能的理想的光催化剂.     

具有可见光响应的C、N共掺杂TiO2纳米管光催化剂的制备

为了提高二氧化钛对可见光的利用效率, 采用等离子体电解方法对二氧化钛实现了C、N共掺杂. 掺杂通过等离子体电解HCONH2、NaNO2、(NH2)2CO产生活性N、C实现. XPS结果表明, C、N掺杂进入了氧化钛晶格. 紫外漫反射光谱分析表明, 氧化钛对可见光(>400 nm)的响应增强, 其光催化降解能力也大大增强. C、N共掺杂TiO2是一种利用太阳能的理想的光催化剂.     

Characterisation of the surface structure and bioactivity of glass and glass ceramics using surface topography

The present paper reports the results of the relationship between the surface topography, microstructure and the in vitro bioactivity of samples with and without fluorapatite content in simulated body fluid. Glasses and glass ceramics belonging to the Li₂O-SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅-CaF₂ system were prepared by using conventional melting technique following by heat treatment to obtain glass ceramics. This current study demonstrates the benefits of combining two microscopic methods for better investigation of the surface structure. The formation of apatite layer on the surface and the increase in surface roughness proved that the glasses and glass ceramics with bioactive fluorapatite content could satisfy to the requirements for biomaterial applications. The results also showed that the roughness of apatite layer formed after immersion in body fluid on the surface of glasses with fluorapatite was more pronounced than that of equivalent glass ceramic samples cured under the same conditions.      

Microstructure,stability and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite – titania nanocomposites formed by two step sintering process

In the present work, we report the characterization of TiO₂-hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposites obtained by a two-step sintering (TSS) process of a mixture of HA and titanium hydride (TiH₂) powders. The reactions underwent by TiH₂ in the presence of HA and hydrogen release, and subsequently, titanium oxidation was examined by thermal analysis. A longer holding time in the second sintering stage enabled obtaining a homogenous TiO₂-HA (36% rutile) composite with a thermal expansion coefficient of 11.46 · 10⁻⁶ C⁻¹ in the 40–1000 °C range. Unconventional TSS process hinders HA decomposition to detrimental tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Wear rate of ceramics was determined by tribological measurements and the material biocompatibility was evaluated using MTT assay. Overall, cell viability results correlated with morphological observations indicated a good biocompatibility of HA-based composites at all tested concentrations. Incorporation of the TiO₂ phase in HA by TSS process was found to be an efficient way to prepare bioceramics with improved performances.     

Sol–gel synthesis of Na2CaSiO4 and its in vitro biological behaviors

Inspired from the success of silicate-based bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, alkali or/and alkali earth-containing silicate ceramics have attracted much attention in recent years. In the present paper, pure Na₂CaSiO₄ was successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method and its in vitro biological behaviors were investigated. The results showed that Na₂CaSiO₄ could quickly induce bone-like apatite formation in simulated body fluid through a silicon-rich layer. The degradation of Na₂CaSiO₄ in phosphorus buffered saline (PBS) was controlled by two processes: dissolution and back precipitation. Na₂CaSiO₄ even had the ability to induce apatite formation in PBS, which further confirmed its high apatite-inducing ability. An erratum to this article can be found at     

生物活性复合材料在生物矿化过程中的微观形貌与离子浓度变化

采用3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯的共聚物(PHBV)与磷酸三钙(TCP)、羟基磷灰石(HA)、生物活性玻璃(BG)等进行复合,获得了性能优良的生物活性骨组织工程支架材料和骨修复材料.研究和比较了3种复合材料在体外模拟生理环境中发生的生物矿化反应,对比了反应前后因矿化物的形成导致的表面微观形貌的变化,通过检测反应液离子浓度的变化对不同材料的矿化过程和生物活性进行了定量表征.研究结果表明,3种复合材料在模拟生理溶液中发生生物矿化的过程和程度不同,其中PHBV/BG的生物活性反应最为明显.     

Preparation of Bioactive PDMS-Modified CaO–SiO2–TiO2 Hybrids by the Sol-Gel Method

Much attention has been focused on the development of a new type of bioactive material with mechanical properties analogous to those of natural bone. The present authors previously showed that some polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-modified CaO–SiO₂–TiO₂ hybrids prepared by sol-gel method show apatite-forming ability in a simulated body fluid (SBF), which is indicative of bioactivity. In the present study, effects of composition of PDMS-modified CaO–SiO₂–TiO₂ hybrids on their bioactivity and mechanical properties were investigated. The bioactivity of the hybrids increased with decreasing PDMS content and increasing TiO₂ content. Their strain at failure increased with increasing PDMS content and decreasing TiO₂ content. Some samples showed high bioactivity, as well as analogous mechanical properties to those of human cancellous bones. This type of hybrids might be useful as a bone-repairing material.     

Preparation of bioactive microspheres of organic modified calcium silicates through sol–gel processing

Bioactive ceramics show specific biological activity, a bone-bonding ability, and are used as bone-repairing materials. Particles of bioactive ceramics may be used as fillers for fabricating bioactive composites where bioactive fillers are dispersed in a polymer matrix. Chemical bonding between the filler and the organic matrix requires an effective organic modification of the bioactive filler. Previous studies have reported that inorganic glasses in the CaO–SiO₂ system act as fundamental components showing bioactivity, as they show a high potential to form bone-like apatite after exposure to a body fluid. Therefore, organically modified microspheres composed of CaO–SiO₂ gels can be useful as bioactive fillers to produce bioactive composites. In this study, the conditions for the preparation of organically modified gels composed of CaO–SiO₂ were investigated using sol–gel processing of tetraethoxysilane, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and silane coupling agents (SCAs), such as 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS), along with polyethyleneglycol (PEG). Spherical particles with diameter of 2–3 μm were obtained when adding the SCAs, except for GPS with PEG. Incorporation of the SCAs was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All the samples prepared with the SCAs formed bone-like apatite on their surfaces in a simulated body fluid within a period of 1 day. These results indicate that bioactive microspheres of organically modified CaO–SiO₂ gels can be obtained using sol–gel processing with SCAs.     

Synthesis of multifunctional macroporous-mesoporous TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-bioglasses for bone tissue engineering

Hierarchical porous TiO₂-bioglasses (TiO₂-BGs) with the macropore with the size of 30–50 μm and the mesopore with the diameter of 4.4–5.6 nm have been synthesized through the evaporation-induced self-assembly method. The corn stalks were used as the macroporous template and P123 as the mesoporous template in the process. The chemical and physical properties of the hierarchical porous TiO₂-BGs before and after immersion in simulated fluid (SBF) were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and Energy dispersive spectrometer. The effect of TiO₂ content on the formation of surface hydroxyapatite and drug release profiles of the fabricated TiO₂-BGs in SBF were investigated in detail. It was found that macroporous-mesoporous TiO₂-bioglasses (MM TiO₂-BGs) exhibited a good ability of surface hydroxyapatite formation comparing with macroporous-mesoporous bioglasses. It took only 3 h for the MM TiO₂-BGs to be covered with the hydroxyapatite layer. It can be ascribed to the present of Ti–OH which may improve the spontaneous growth of apatite by consuming the calcium and phosphate ions from SBF. Additionally, MM TiO₂-BGs also showed good drug sustained release profiles. Therefore, the multifunctional MM TiO₂-BGs reported here could be a good candidate for application in bone tissue engineering.     

含10mol%氧化硅的钙磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷的合成及其体外生物活性

采用高分子网络凝胶法合成出SiO2-CaO-P2O5生物玻璃陶瓷,该材料具有较低含硅量和高钙磷比(nCa/nP=1.57)的特点,更接近人体硬组织的成分。将材料在SBF溶液浸泡研究材料的体外生物活性,通过TG/DTA,XRD,FTIR和SEM等方法对粉体和浸泡后的样品表面进行表征,ICP-AES对SBF溶液中钙、磷、硅离子的浓度进行检测。结果表明,氧化硅的添加有利于玻璃陶瓷表面磷灰石晶相的形成;随着浸泡时间的延长,沉积在样品表面的碳酸羟基磷灰石层逐渐由球型突起变为叶片状,溶液中钙、磷离子浓度降低,而硅离子浓度增加,说明材料具有良好的生物活性,适宜作为牙齿和骨骼的替代或修复材料。     

The effect of TiO2 additives on the structural stability and thermal properties of yttria fully-stabilized zirconia

TiO₂(0–20 mol%)-8 mol% YSZ (8YSZ) ceramics were synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method. A cubic single phase was observed for 8YSZ, 4 mol% TiO₂-8YSZ and 8 mol% TiO₂-8YSZ. Tetragonal and cubic mixed phases were observed for 12–20 mol% TiO₂-8YSZ ceramics. The sintering temperature was 1,700 °C for 8YSZ and 4 mol% TiO₂-8YSZ ceramics, whereas it was 1,500 °C for 8–20 mol% TiO₂-8YSZ. The thermal conductivity at room temperature decreased in proportion to increasing TiO₂ content, from 3.0 to 2.3 W/m K. The specific heat of TiO₂-8YSZ ceramics was unaltered as the TiO₂ content changed.