不同有机分子改性羟基磷灰石用于甲醛催化氧化

分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及柠檬酸钠(SC)对羟基磷灰石(HAP)进行了有机改性.柠檬酸钠改性的羟基磷灰石对甲醛催化氧化表现出最好的催化活性,在240℃实现了甲醛完全转化.通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和热重/差重等手段对HAP结构进行了表征.结果表明,SC改性使得HAP比表面积和孔体积增加,孔径减小,更有利于吸附及传质,从而提高了其活性.此外,SC改性的HAP中羟基含量更多,更有利于甲醛与羟基之间发生相互作用,这是该样品活性提高的另一个原因.     

聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石多孔复合材料的制备及体外降解研究

采用溶剂浇铸-盐沥洗法制备了具有较高孔隙率的聚左旋乳酸/羟基磷灰石(PLLA/HA)多孔复合材料,用扫描电镜(SEM)和衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)研究了HA含量对制备样品的形貌以及体外降解行为的影响.结果表明,100/10、100/20、100/30、100/40和100/50的PLLA/HA复...     

中空羟基磷灰石的制备方法研究进展

中空结构的羟基磷灰石因具备出色的生物相容性及生物活性、大比表面积和孔体积、小尺寸、良好的机械性、热稳定性以及表面渗透性等性能优点,让其在生物、医学、材料领域产生巨大影响,具有极大的运用价值.因此,制备具有中空结构的羟基磷灰石的方法及有关性能研究成为了热点.本文对例如模板法、水热法、溶剂热法、喷雾干燥法、微波协助法、微乳...     

化学沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石纳米粒子

采用化学沉淀法以 Ca(NO3 ) 2 · 5 H2 O和 (NH4) 2 HPO4为主要原料 ,制备了短棒状或针状的羟基磷灰石纳米粒子 (HA) ,考察了各反应参数对纳米粒子性能的影响 ,并由透射电镜、X射线晶体衍射、电子衍射、红外、比表面积等手段对其进行表征。实验结果表明 ,所制备的 HA粒子粒径长约 30～5 0 nm,直径约 10～ 15 nm;通过严格控制各反应参数可以基本上实现纳米羟基磷灰石粒子粒径、形态等部分性质的可控制备     

载银羟基磷灰石抗菌粉体和陶瓷的制备及抗菌性能

采用水热法一步合成载银羟基磷灰石抗菌粉体(Ag-HA),并将其应用于抗菌陶瓷的制备。研究结果表明水热条件下HA实际载银量与AgNO₃加入量存在较好的线性关系。XRD和TEM分析结果显示Ag-HA与HA具有相同的晶体结构,水热条件下Ag⁺取代Ca²⁺在HA晶体中的位置,生成Ag_xCa_10-x(PO₄)₆(OH)₂。Ag-HA长度随Ag⁺掺入量的增加而增大,当Ag⁺掺入量增加至1.50%时,Ag-HA由棒状生长为晶须状。选择4.50% Ag-HA作为抗菌粉体,其掺入量为9wt%时,陶瓷的抗菌率>99.9%,此时釉料中Ag₃PO₄含量为0.56%,低于目前研究中釉料中Ag₃PO₄添加量(2wt%~4wt%),不但在一定程度上解决了抗菌陶瓷产品成本较高的问题,而且满足JC/T 897-2002(抗菌陶瓷制品抗菌性能)对抗菌陶瓷抗菌性能的要求。     

载银羟基磷灰石抗菌粉体和陶瓷的制备及抗菌性能

采用水热法一步合成载银羟基磷灰石抗菌粉体(Ag-HA),并将其应用于抗菌陶瓷的制备。研究结果表明水热条件下HA实际载银量与AgNO₃加入量存在较好的线性关系。XRD和TEM分析结果显示Ag-HA与HA具有相同的晶体结构,水热条件下Ag⁺取代Ca²⁺在HA晶体中的位置,生成Ag_xCa_10-x(PO₄)₆(OH)₂。Ag-HA长度随Ag⁺掺入量的增加而增大,当Ag⁺掺入量增加至1.50%时,Ag-HA由棒状生长为晶须状。选择4.50% Ag-HA作为抗菌粉体,其掺入量为9wt%时,陶瓷的抗菌率>99.9%,此时釉料中Ag₃PO₄含量为0.56%,低于目前研究中釉料中Ag₃PO₄添加量(2wt%~4wt%),不但在一定程度上解决了抗菌陶瓷产品成本较高的问题,而且满足JC/T 897-2002(抗菌陶瓷制品抗菌性能)对抗菌陶瓷抗菌性能的要求。     

水热重结晶法制备羟基磷灰石纳米棒

本文以Ca(NO₃)₂和(NH₄)₂HPO₄为原料，采用重结晶法，在水热条件下制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)纳米棒；利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)等分析测试手段，研究了pH值和晶化时间对HA组成和结构的影响。实验结果表明，室温混合pH值为7.5的沉淀物和pH值为10.5的清液，于180 ℃下水热处理10 h重结晶制得的HA纳米棒的平均长径比最长(约为28)；采用不同pH值的清液，体系的单体浓度(即化学势)改变时，得到的HA纳米棒的长径比不同；随着晶化时间延长，纳米棒的长径比先增大后减小。     

简单方法制备羟基磷灰石中空微球

无需添加任何有机物和金属离子, 以易得的中空球形碳酸钙(CaCO3)与磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)作为反应物在常压下制备出羟基磷灰石中空微球. 通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等手段对制备的羟基磷灰石中空微球的结构、组成和形貌进行了表征, 考察了不同反应温度对中空球形貌的影响. 实验结果表明, 所制备的羟基磷灰石微球是由短针状的纳米粒子组成的, 直径为2-4 μm. 对反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

模拟体液法制备纳米级羟基磷灰石

用模拟体液法制备纳米羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HAP or HA)粉体。研究了反应温度、反应浓度和反应时间对合成的影响。结果发现,制备纳米级羟基磷灰石的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度60℃,浓度为15倍的模拟体液(simulate body fluid,SBF),反应时间为10h。在此工艺条件下制备的羟基磷灰石粉体的微观形貌为球形颗粒,平均颗粒直径为30 nm。     

纳米羟基磷灰石的制备及结晶尺寸的控制

Nano particle hydroxyapatite was synthesized based on wet chemical precipitation method. The precipitated hydroxyapatite powders are characterized using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy(ICP), FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and electron diffraction(ED). Hydroxyapatite with different mean nano particle sizes in the range of 20～160 nm was prepared. Particle sizes were mainly determined by reaction temperature. Influences of degree of supersaturation, stirring intensity and reaction temperature were analyzed based on crystallization process analysis.     

多重射流燃烧反应制备的TiO2/ SiO2纳米复合颗粒的形态和结构

TiO₂-SiO₂ nanocomposite particles were prepared in premixed H₂ / Air flame, and the morphology and structure of these nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM and HRTEM. The morphology of SiO₂ / TiO₂ nanocomposites was different from that of pure TiO₂ or SiO₂ nanoparticles, and the chemical bond of Ti-O-Si was found in the nanocomposites indicating that the TiO₂ / SiO₂ nanocomposites were not merely a physical mixture of TiO₂ and SiO₂. TiO₂ nanocrystalline grains with sizes of 1～2 nm were homogeneously dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix when TiCl₄ and SiCl₄ were mixed at molecular level in the flame. The particle size and rutile content decreased with increasing of SiO₂ molar ratio.     

CO2在纳米SiO2/TiO2悬浮体系中的光催化还原

用水热法合成了氧化硅改性的具有高比表面积、高催化活性的锐钛型二氧化钛, 并在其悬浮体系中将CO₂光催化还原合成甲醇. 采用XRD, TEM, 物理吸附, UV-Vis吸收光谱和FTIR等表征手段对催化剂结构特征进行了研究. 结果表明: 添加氧化硅后, 氧化硅和二氧化钛之间形成Si—O—Ti键, 抑制了TiO₂晶粒生长, 提高了锐钛型TiO₂的比表面积, 且随着含硅量的增加, SiO₂/TiO₂的UV吸收逐步蓝移, 禁带宽度增加. 还原反应结果表明: SiO₂/TiO₂具有光催化还原活性, 且随着含硅量的增加先增加后减小, 当SiO₂质量分数为3.5%时, SiO₂/TiO₂复合催化剂反应活性最强, 5 h内甲醇产量可达到21.0 mg/L, 并有少量甲醛生成.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 /TiO2复合涂层及其在模拟生理体液中的行为

The composite films consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAP) submicron particles embedded in the gel composed of the titania nanoparticles were prepared on commercial Ti6A14V plates with titania buffer layer obtained by a spin-coating technique. The films were calcined in air at various temperatures, and the bioactivities of the films were investigated by immersing them in acellular simulated body fliud (SBF). X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis were employed to investigate the phase formation and structure of the films before and after immersion, and the variations of Ca and P contents in SBF were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy(ICP). The results show that the as-prepared films were dense, homogeneous, all well-crystallized, and there was a close interracial bond between the film and the substrate. The characterisatics of the grown layer on the surfaces of the HAP/TiO2 films after immersion in SBF for different periods of time are specially discussed.     

Ni/TiO2-SiO2上光催化重整葡萄糖以低CO选择性制H2（英文）

Nano-sized Ni particles on TiO2-SiO2 were synthesized by the two methods of photo-assisted deposition(PAD) and impregnation.H2,which is a promising energy carrier,with a low CO concentration was produced by the photocatalytic reforming of glucose(a model biomass) on the Ni/TiO2-SiO2 catalyst.The supported Ni enhanced the rate of H2 production while it suppressed CO selectivity.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray absorption fine structure,transmission electron microscope,and nitrogen adsorption analysis.Both H2 production and CO selectivity were strongly dependent on the preparation method,and PAD-Ni/TiO2-SiO2 was the better catalyst for H2 production with the lowest CO concentration.     

水解法制备的掺铁二氧化钛超微粉的热分析、晶粒生长和结构相变

研究了用四氯化钛水解制备的纯二氧化钛和分步沉淀,共沉淀方式制备的掺铁二氧化钛的热分解状况,品化过程。采用Ｘ射线衍射和Ｖｏｉｇｔ单峰分析法计算了这三种样品在各个燃烧温度下的晶体晶粒度。结果表明,四氯化钛水争方法得到的二氧化钛粉为无定形,无定形博物经钛加热晶化过程是一个持续的过程,并没有以往文献中所报道的明显的晶化温度和晶化放热峰。应用非晶物质晶化晶核生长速率方程了晶粒生长活化能并且进行了讨论。     

Nafion薄膜中单分散TiO2纳米晶体的合成

采用全氟化离子聚合物薄膜(钠型Nafion薄膜)作模板合成了平均直径为4.0nm的TiO₂晶体粒子。利用高分辨电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-VIS)，对Nafion中TiO₂的含量、粒子大小分布、相变条件、纳米晶体微观型貌及其结构、Nafion薄膜结构和TiO₂粒子形成机理等进行了研究。研究结果表明，Nafion中Ti⁴⁺含量不仅与起始原料有关，还与起始物浓度有关。TiO₂在Nafion中的形成速度主要受控于水在膜中的扩散速度，而TiO₂晶体粒子的大小与分布则取决于Nafion的孔径，与起始原料种类以及晶化条件无关。文中还探索了无定型TiO₂转变成单分散晶体的各种途径，详细讨论了TiO₂晶体粒子合成的影响因素。     

Photocatalysis of TiO2 Sheets Prepared by Templating Filter Paper

Titanium dioxide sheet photocatalysts composed of interwoven microstrips were successfully synthesized using filter paper as templates. The synthesized samples were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area analyzer, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange in an aqueous solution under UV-illumination. The results demonstrated that the paper-like TiO₂ sheets with the optimum proportion of anatase/rutile (10/1) had the highest photoactivity. And the presence of the filter paper fiber can improve the crystallinity, raise the anatase-rutile transformation temperature and contribute to the formation of being paper-like. A detailed formation mechanism for TiO₂ sheets is proposed.     

金属卟啉/异烟酸/二氧化钛复合光催化剂制备及其光催化性能研究

合成了四苯基卟啉(H2TPP)及铜卟啉(CuTPP)和锌卟啉(ZnTPP),获得了配合物[Zn(TPP)(DMF)]的晶体。制备了金属卟啉、异烟酸共修饰的二氧化钛复合光催化剂:金属卟啉/异烟酸/二氧化钛,红外光谱和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明金属卟啉和异烟酸负载于TiO2表面,未改变TiO2的晶型。在光催化降解水中污染物4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)时显示了好的催化效果。     

Recent advances in heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalysis

Current progress in the area of photocatalysis is presented, particularly regarding technological applications. Highly efficient TiO₂ films on different substrates such as tile and glass have been developed for indoor environmental clean-up. TiO₂ films coated on SiO₂-precoated soda lime glass showed about 80% transparency and high photocatalytic activity towards the decomposition of thin oil films. A novel phenomenon, superhydrophilicity, has been observed on these transparent TiO₂ coatings. In addition, we have made use of a microelectrode system to monitor oxidation and reduction products separately. The mechanistic and kinetic aspects of TiO₂ photocatalysis are discussed.     

Efficient preparation of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 and V/TiO2 thin layers using microwave drying and/or microwave calcination technique

This study has demonstrated that the synthesis of TiO₂ and V/TiO₂ thin layers may be significantly improved and extended if microwave energy is employed during the drying and/or calcination step. Thin nanoparticulate titania layers were prepared via the sol-gel method using titanium n-butoxide as a precursor. As prepared films were then analyzed by means of various characterization techniques (Raman spectroscopy, UV/Vis, AFM, XPS) in order to determine their functional properties. The photocatalytic activities of prepared layers were quantified by the decoloring rate of Rhodamine B. All thermal treatments in microwave field were done in the same manner, by using an IR pyrometer in the microwave oven and monitoring the temperature of the heating. Nevertheless the microwave and thermally prepared materials were different. This in turn may lead to differences in their functional and also photocatalytic properties.