The collective correlation model of the giant resonance with the surface-delta-interaction

The intermediate structure of the giant resonance of light nuclei (¹²C,¹⁶O,²⁸Si,³²S,⁴⁰Ca) has been investigated in the model of collective correlations by means of the surface-delta-interaction (SDI). The SDI introduces also a coupling of 1p-1h excitations to the surface vibrations. Despite the simplicity of this model the gross features of the absorption cross sections are quite well resembled. Furthermore, this model predicts a considerable inelastic photon scattering into the first excited 2⁺ level.     

A Semi-empirical tight-binding theory of the electronic structure of semiconductors2

A nearest-neighbor semi-empirical tight-binding theory of energy bands in zincblende and diamond structure materials is developed and applied to the following sp³-bonded semiconductors: C, Si, Ge, Sn, SiC, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, ZnSe, and ZnTe. For each of these materials the theory uses only thirteen parameters to reproduce the major features of conduction and valence bands. The matrix elements exhibit chemical trends: the differences in diagonal matrix elements are proportional to differences in free-atom orbital energies and the off-diagonal matrix elements obey the d^?2 rule of Harrison et al. The lowest energy conduction bands are well described as a result of the introduction of an excited s state, s¹. on each atom. Examination of the chemical trends in this sp³s¹ model yields a crude but “universal” sp³s¹ model whose parameters do not depend explicitly on band gaps, but rather are functions of atomic energies and bond lengths alone. The “universal” model, although cruder than the sp³s¹ model for any single semiconductor, can be employed to study relationships between the band structures of different semiconductors; we use it to predict band edge discontinuities of heterojunctions.     

Torsion of the nitro group in nitroethylene

Eight NO₂-torsional transition frequencies obtained from interferometric far infrared measurements are reported. These data provide accurate information on the potential function for torsional angles up to 50°. The potential parameters are V₂ = 1642.7 ± 3.9 cm^?1 and V₄ = ?88.0 ± 1.7 cm^?1 for a rigid frame/rigid top model and V₂ = 1690.6 ± 4.2 cm^?1 and V₄ = ?90.8 ± 1.8 cm^?1 for a refined model allowing for distortions of the NO₂-group upon torsion. V₆ and V₈ terms are not significant.     

Fragmentation of the high spin discrete neutron and proton states of209Pb and209Bi

The distribution of the discrete 1h _9/2, 2f _7/2, 1i _13/2 and 2f _5/2 proton states of²⁰⁹Bi and 2g _9/2, 1i _11/2, 1j _15/2 and 2g_7/2 neutron states of²⁰⁹Pb have been obtained within the particle-vibration coupling model calculation and compared with the experimental datas baising on the most recent high resolution stripping reaction on²⁰⁸Pb using 480 MeV¹²C projectile. The optimised shell model energies arising from the core-polarisation effect have profound influence for both the study of the structures of the high spin continuum shell model states of²⁰⁸Pb and stability of superheavy nuclei.     

2n-point correlation functions of the thirring model and the associated Wess-Zumino-Witten model

We calculate the correlation functions of the U(N) Thirring model and the associated Wess-Zumino-Witten model in terms of bosons on the torus T^N×T^N. The correlation functions are the solutions for the Knizhnik and Zamolodchikov equations of the U(1) current algebras.     

The effect of expansion of the shell model space on the structure of the mass-15 nuclei

The structure of the natural and unnatural parity states of the¹⁵N-¹⁵O mirror pair, as well as theT=3/2 analogue states of¹⁵C, is discussed in terms of shell model calculations with a modified surface delta two-body interaction. The inert core is recomposed from⁴He to¹²C and the configuration space is systematically expanded to allow for an increasing number of particle excitations from the 1p into the 2s-1d shell. The relative importance of the 2s 1/2, 1d 5/2 and 1d 3/2 orbitals are evaluated. Some electromagnetic properties of levels are also calculated.     

A comment on the common one-dimensional derivation of the van der Waals forces

In many physical text-books a simple one-dimensional model is used to derive the characteristic 1/R ⁷-dependence of the attractive van der Waals forces. We show that this calculation is wrong. The long range forces in this simple model are not attractive but repulsive proportional to 1/R ⁶. Only a three-dimensional calculation yields the correct behavior.     

Calculations of the energy spectra of Zn,Ga, and Ge isotopes by the shell model

The effective Hamiltonian which was determined empirically by Koops and Glaudemans is tested in shell model calculations for the^65–68Zn,^67–69Ga, and^68–70Ge nuclei in the full (1p _3/2,0f _5/2,1p _1/2) ⁿ space. The resulting energy spectra are compared with the experimental spectra and results of previous calculations. The overall agreement with experiment is as satisfactory for these nuclei as for the Ni and Cu isotopes, by which the Hamiltonian was determined. It is noticed that the spectra of⁶⁷Zn and^67,69Ga calculated in this work are similar to those provided by the Alaga model.     

Temperature dependence of the fine structure of the C and E absorption bands in RbMnF3 below the Néel temperature

The variation in the parameters (width, position, intensity) of the fine structure lines in the C[⁶ A _1g → ⁴ A _1g , ⁴ E _g(⁴ G)] and E[⁶ A _1g → ⁴ E _g(⁴ D)] bands in RbMnF₃ with temperature is studied in the temperature range 10–70 K. In the C band, two narrow (<6 cm^?1) lines are are distinguished at distances of 77 and 80 cm^?1 from the exciton line at T = 10 K. The other lines in the C band and all lines in the E band are more than 20 cm^?1 wide. It is demonstrated that the narrow lines become allowed because of the spin-exchange interaction within a long-range magnetic order model and originate from the excitation of exciton-magnon bound states and that the other lines are made allowed by the exchange-vibronic mechanism within a short-range magnetic order model and originate from the excitation of bound states composed of an exciton, magnon, and oddparity phonon. The vibrational replicas of the main exciton-magnon-phonon lines are due to the quadratic vibronic interaction with odd-parity vibrations. Variations of the intensities and widths of the absorption lines with temperature indicate that these parameters are affected by relaxation and delocalization of the bound states.     

The F-spin symmetric limits of the neutron-proton interacting boson model

The F-spin symmetric limits U(5), SU(3), and O(6) of the neutron-proton interacting boson model are studied. The conditions for and consequences of F-spin symmetry are investigated. In each of the three limits closed expressions for the following properties are given: the excitation energies; the M1, E2, and M3 excitation strengths from the ground state to all 1⁺, 2⁺, and 3⁺ states; the M1 and E2 decay of the nonsymmetric 1⁺ and 2⁺ states; and the dipole and quadrupole moments of maximal F-spin states and of the nonsymmetric 1⁺ and 2⁺ states. The predictions for these properties are compared with the experimental data.     

Effects of six-quark bags on the1 D 2 NN partial wave and the question of dibaryon resonances

The coupled¹ D ₂(pp)?⁵ S ₂ (ΔN) channels are studied in a relativized version of the Quark Compound Bag (QCB) model. The QCB short-range force is shown to reproduce an, energy dependence of the¹ D ₂ phase shift and inelasticity atT?200MeV predicted by the energy-independent solution of the VPISU phase-shift analysis. At lower energy the effect of the long-range meson force is essential. The values of the QCB parameters found from the fit to the data are in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the MIT bag model.     

Oxygen vacancy model for the E1′ center in SiO2

An (oxygen)^- vacancy model of the E₁^≈ center in alpha quartz, featuring an asymmetric relaxation of the two silicons adjacent to the oxygen vacancy, is presented and analyzed. This model is shown to be consistent with both theoretical calculations and experimental hyperfine data, in contrast with any model previously proposed for the E₁^≈ center.     

Rotational variation of predissociation linewidth in the Schumann-Runge bands of 16O2

Extensive high resolution photoabsorption measurements have been performed on most of the experimentally accessible rotational lines in the Schumann-Runge band system of ¹⁶O₂. Predissociation linewidths are inferred from these measurements for as many lines as possible from the (1-0) to (19-0) bands. A model of the predissociation is developed, which includes the interactions of the B³Σ^-_u state with repulsive ⁵Π_u, ³Π_u, ¹Π_u and ³Σ⁺_u states, and molecular parameters for these interactions are determined by least-squares fitting the model to the experimental vibrational widths for the (1-0) to (18-0) bands. These parameters are then used, in conjunction with the model, to predict the variation of predissociation linewidth with rotation for each Schumann-Runge band. The experimental linewidths are found to exhibit systematic variation with rotation for most of the bands studied, and agreement with the model predictions of rotational variation is excellent. Polynomial fits to the model rotational linewidths are also presented in order to facilitate atmospheric modelling applications.     

s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy. Xe. Intermediate structure in 90Y and the generalized R-matrix theory

The resonance structure observed in the ⁸⁹Y(n, n)⁸⁹Y total cross section measurements in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 MeV incident energy was investigated using the generalized R-matrix theory of nuclear reactions and the doorway interpretation of intermediate structure. The energies and wave functions of the doorway resonances were calculated in a 2-particle and 3p-1h basis of the shell model. The model space and the parameters of the model calculation chosen were consistent with other shell model calculations in the mass-90 region. Several strong p-wave doorways with J^π = 0⁺, 1⁺, and 2⁺ were predicted by the model in the energy range studied. This is due to proximity of p-wave giant resonance. The escape widths Γ^↑ and the spreading widths Γ^↓ for these states were evaluated using the model wave functions and the R-matrix formalism. The calculated energy dependence of the total cross section shows that most of the predicted doorways are in general agreement with the observed anamolies with similar relative strength. More significantly, the underlying p-wave gross structure representing a grand average is of very similar shape in both theory and experiment. As expected in the mass 90-region, the s- and d-wave doorways contribute less significantly to the calculated resonance structure.     

Conditions for the weak energy dependency of effective interactions

We discuss the possibilities for the existence of effective interactions depending weakly on the energy in a given interval. These interactions may be used in computing matrixelements of the Greenoperator in a modelspace. To show that the interval in which the model is valid may principally be chosen at random, we introduce effective interactions with poles at the eigenvalues of the operatorH+λV ¹ and consider the necessary properties ofV ¹. The operatorV ¹ determines the modelspace, and there-fore the matrixelements of the Greenoperator which can be computed within the model.     

Diffraction dissociation,the deck mechanism and diffractive resonance production

We have constructed a model amplitude for the diffractive production of resonant states in the presence of Deck amplitudes: rescattering corrections to the Deck amplitudes are included. We have found that gross distortion of the resonance may occur and also that the phase of the diffractively produced system may vary very slowly, despite the existence of resonances: the only requirement is that the phase of the Deck amplitude leads the production phase of the resonance by ≈40°. Our model simultaneously accommodates the well established lack of phase variation in the diffractively produced 1⁺ s-wave (A1) ?π system and the details of the variation of intensity with mass, with resonance parameters M_A1 ≈ 1.3 GeV/c² and Γ_A1 ≈ 240 MeV/c². The analogous Kππ (Q) diffractive enhancement fits satisfactorily into the same framework. Our model also accounts for a number of features of diffractive N¹ production.     

Damping of the giant spin-flip dipole and spin-flip quadrupole charge exchange modes in 90Zr

The damping of the giant spin-flip dipole (L=1, S=1, T=1, J^π=0⁻, 1⁻, 2⁻) and spin-flip quadrupole (L=2, S=1, T=1, J^π=1⁺, 2⁺, 3⁺) charge exchange resonances in ⁹⁰Zr is calculated in a microscopic nuclear structure model which includes both one-particle-one-hole (1p1h) and two-particle-two-hole (2p2h) configurations in a systematic way. It is shown that the coupling to 2p2h configurations gives rise to a strongly energy dependent spreading width which shifts a large fraction of transition strength to high excitation energies. The implications for the analysis of intermediate energy ⁹⁰Zr(p,n) data is discussed.     

Comments on the calculation of the extended state electron mobility in amorphous silicon

In a recent paper Silver and his collaborators concluded that the extended state electron mobility micro_c in amorphous silicon was about 500 cm²V^-1s^-1. The calculations leading to this value were based on the multi-trapping transport model, the experimental drift mobility value of μ_e = 1 cm²V^-1s^-1, the tail state distribution suggested by field effect data and an assumed thermalisation depth of the electrons of 0.29eV. In the following it will be shown from experimental results that the above thermalisation depth is fundamentally inconsistent with the observations and, when used with the measured micro_e, leads to unrealistically high calculated micro_c -values. We also show that with a thermalisation depth appropriate to the conditions under which micro_e is determined, the experimental results and the computed micro_c-values (10 - 20 cm²V^-1s^-1) form a consistent picture.     

Anisotropy of the lower critical field and meissner effect in (TMTSF)2ClO4 in the basal plane

The concept of a macroscopically large London-penetration depth due to weak interstack interaction in the c¹-direction is well suited to explain the different low field magnetization behavior for magnetic fields along the b¹ and c¹ directions. In a Ginzburg Landau model with anisotropic effective masses the angular dependence of the lower critical field H_c1 can be accounted for.     

Instanton effects on the interaction potential between light quarks and the isomultiplet mass splitting of baryons

On the basis of current assumptions of instanton theory we derive strictly the explicit dependence on the masses and spins of the instanton induced potential between a pair of light quarks in baryons, namelyV ₁₂=γ+β(m _* ^1+α )(m _* ^2+α )η(1-σ ₁ησ ₁), wherem _i ^* andσ _i (i=1.2) are respectively the mass and Pauli spin of theith quark. On the additional basis of the MIT bag model, we obtain γ=c/R ³ and β=b/R ³>0, and α>0 is independent of the radiusR of the baryon. The magnitudes of the parametersb and α are also estimated. The MIT bag model is improved by taking into account this potential. Isomultiplet mass splitting formulas are derived in good agreement with experiment.