首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 812 毫秒
1.
Population densities of transient oxygen plasmas have been calculated solving a system of differential equations, which describes the temporal evolution of the considered quantum levels. The results, which refer to a temperature of 1 eV and to electron number densities ranging from 108 to 1014 cm-3, show the strong importance of the metastable 3s5S state in determining the evolution of these plasmas. The present results are then applied to the calculation of relaxation times of selected quantum levels and to the definition of quasistationary conditions of plasmas having low lying excited states (i.e. states belonging to the same principal quantum number as the ground state).  相似文献   

2.
《Nuclear Physics B》1995,441(3):609-626
We address the problem of how to incorporate quantum effects into the calculation of finite-temperature decay rates for a metastable state of a quantum field theory. To do this, we consider the Gross-Neveu model with an explicit chiral symmetry breaking term, which allows for a metastable state. This theory can be shown to have a “critical bubble” which is a solution to the exact equations of motions (i.e. to all orders in perturbation theory, including all higher derivative, quantum and thermal corrections). This configuration mediates the thermal activation of the metastable vacuum to the true ground state, with a decay rate Γ∞ exp(−Fc/T), where Fc is the free energy of the critical bubble. We then compare this exact calculation to various approximations that have been used in previous work. We find that these approximations all overestimate the activation rate. Furthermore, we study the effect of finite baryon number upon the bubble profile and the activation barriers. We find that beyond a critical baryon number the activation barriers disappear altogether.  相似文献   

3.
In this paper, we studied the nonlinear optical properties of a negative donor center (D) in a disk-like quantum dot (QD) with a Gaussian confining potential. Calculations are carried out by using the method of numerical diagonalization of Hamiltonian matrix within the effective-mass approximation. A detailed investigation of the linear, third-order nonlinear, total optical absorptions and refractive index changes has been carried out for the D QD and the D0 QD. The linear, third-order nonlinear, total optical absorptions and refractive indices have been examined for a double-electron QD with and without impurity. Our results show that the optical absorption coefficients and refractive indices in a disk-like QD are much larger than their values for quantum wells and spherical QDs and the nonlinear optical properties of QDs are strongly affected not only with the confinement barrier height, dot radius, the number of electrons but also the electron-impurity interaction.  相似文献   

4.
We establish global W 1, p(·)-estimates for second order elliptic equations in divergence form under the natural assumption that p(·) is log-Hölder continuous. To this end, we assume that the coefficients are measurable in one variable and have small BMO semi-norms in the other variables and the boundary of the domain is Reifenberg flat. Our work is an optimal and natural extension of W 1,p -regularity for such equations with merely measurable coefficients beyond Lipschitz domains.  相似文献   

5.
Room temperature values for self-broadened and hydrogen-broadened Lorentz halfwidth coefficients, and self and hydrogen pressure-induced shift coefficients have been measured for transitions with rotational quantum number m ranging between −24 and 24 in the 2 ← 0 band of 12C16O. The spectra were recorded with the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. The analysis was performed using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique. We have compared our results with similar measurements published recently.  相似文献   

6.
The quantum efficiency for mid-wavelength InSb infrared focal plane arrays has been numerically studied by two dimensional simulators. Effects of thickness of p-type layer on the quantum efficiency under front-side illumination have been obtained. The calculated results can be used to extract the optimal thickness of the p-type layer for different absorption and diffusion lengths. It is indicated that the optimal thickness of the p-type layer strongly depends on the absorption coefficient and the minority carrier lifetimes. The empirical formulas are also obtained to describe the correlation between the optimal thickness of the p-type layer, and the absorption and diffusion lengths.  相似文献   

7.
The density of states of the valence band of a p-GaAs layer formed on an n-GaAs surface owing to the bombardment by 2500-eV Ar+ ions has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. A number of peaks have been detected in the spectrum of the edge of the valence band in the binding energy range EV < 1.2eV. Their number and energy positions correspond to the quantum confinement levels calculated for a hole quantum well on the surface with the width about the ion penetration depth Rp = 3.6nm. Electronic transitions from these levels to the bottom of the conduction band have been revealed in the spectrum of characteristic energy losses of electrons reflected from the surface. Thus, it has been shown that the action of the argon ion beam on n-GaAs results in the formation of a quantum well on the surface.  相似文献   

8.
We write down a set of coupled hydrodynamic equations of the Navier-Stokes type which describe the motion of two compressible, viscous nuclear fluids. The solutions of these equations give rise to giant resonances of both isoscalar and isovector type. The viscosity terms in the equations are responsible for the damping of these resonances. Within this framework we obtain expressions for the width of the resonances as a function of the mass number A, and relations between the widths and the excitation energies for various multipolarities (J = 0+, 1?, 2+, 3?, 4+), and isospins (T = 0,1). The A dependence of the calculated widths exhibit the experimental trends of the giant dipole and isoscalar quadrupole widths. Also, as a result of the calculation we obtain estimates of the values of viscosity coefficients in nuclei.  相似文献   

9.
This paper describes a semi-empirical calculation of the air-broadened half-widths and the air pressure-induced frequency shifts for the H216O isotopologue. This semi-empirical calculation is based on fits of several recent high-quality measurements and theoretical calculations to the first-order terms in the expansion of the complex Robert-Bonamy (CRB) equations, which yields a second- and first-order polynomial function of the differences in the upper- and lower-state vibrational quantum numbers for the half-width and line shift, respectively. The aim of this work was to obtain a complete set of air-broadened half-widths and air pressure-induced frequency shifts for transitions of H216O present in the HITRAN database from microwave to the visible in order to supplement the observed and calculated values. For around 700 sets of rotational quantum numbers (), semi-empirical coefficients describing the vibrational dependence of the air-broadened half-widths and the air pressure-induced frequency shifts have been obtained directly from the fit of experimental and/or theoretical data. The accuracy of the parameters deduced from this calculation is estimated to be between 5% and 10% for the air-broadened half-widths and between 0.001 and for the air pressure-induced frequency shifts. For sets of rotational quantum numbers for which either none or insufficient experimental/theoretical data were available to deduce a vibrational dependence, further approximations have been used to obtain a complete set of semi-empirical coefficients.  相似文献   

10.
11.
An investigation of an exciton bound in a parabolic two dimensional quantum dot by a donor impurity has been carried out by using the matrix diagonalization method and the compact density-matrix approach. The linear, third-order nonlinear, total optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes have been calculated for the s-p, p-d, and d-f transitions. The results show that the parabolic potential has a great effect on the optical absorptions. The calculated results also reveal that as the angular momentum quantum numbers of transitions increase, the optical absorption and refractive index peaks shift towards lower energies and the absorption and refractive index intensities increase.  相似文献   

12.
In this paper we define a new type of decoherent quantum random walk with parameter 0≤p≤1, which becomes a unitary quantum random walk (UQRW) when p=0 and an open quantum random walk (OQRW) when p=1, respectively. We call this process a partially open quantum random walk (POQRW). We study the limiting distribution of a POQRW on Z 1 subject to decoherence on coins with n degrees of freedom. The limiting distribution of the POQRW converges to a convex combination of normal distributions, under an eigenvalue condition. A Perron-Frobenius type of theorem is established to determine whether or not a POQRW satisfies the eigenvalue condition. Moreover, we explicitly compute the limiting distributions of characteristic equations of the position probability functions when n=2 and 3.  相似文献   

13.
Self broadening (van der Waals and resonance) and shift of Ne emission lines and van der Waals broadening and shift of He emission lines have been measured using a high pressure (0.5–3.0 atom), low current discharge. These results are compared with previous measurements in Ar and He to obtain a complete comparison of self broadening and shift of He, Ne and Ar emission lines. Oscillator strengths for the resonance transitions are obtained from the resonance broadening coefficients. The trend of the van der Waals broadening coefficients for the three noble gases is correctly predicted by a theory due to HINDMARSHet al.(4) in which a Lennard-Jones potential is used in the impact theory formalism. The measured line shifts cannot be accounted for by this theory and reflect the need for more accurate quantum mechanical calculations.  相似文献   

14.
X-ray and Auger transition rates, X-ray wavelengths, and fluorescence yields are calculated for variously ionized silicon atoms with configurations 1s2sm2pn, m=0-2, n=1-6. The calculation has been performed using the Hartree-Fock atomic model. Intermediate coupling and configuration interaction have been taken into account. The energies and widths are found to be strongly affected by configuration mixing. The results from the present calculation have been compared with those available in the literature. The theoretical Kα hypersatellite and satellite spectra fall into several well-separated regions, corresponding to each of the possible number of spectator electrons in the 2s and 2p shells. The dependence of radiative rates and fluorescence yields on the number of spectator electrons is also investigated.  相似文献   

15.
The linear and the third-order nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes in a modulation-doped asymmetric double quantum well are studied theoretically. The electron energy levels and the envelope wave functions in this structure are calculated by the Schrödinger and Poisson equations self-consistently in the effective mass approximation. The analytical expressions of optical properties are obtained by using the compact density-matrix approach. In this regard, the linear, nonlinear and total intersubband absorption coefficients and refractive index changes are investigated as a function of right-well width (Lw2) of asymmetric double quantum well. Our results show that the total absorption coefficients and refractive index changes shift toward higher energies as the right-well width decreases. In addition, the total optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes is strongly dependent on the incident optical intensity.  相似文献   

16.
This paper exploits the connection between the quantum many-particle density of states and the partitioning of an integer in number theory. For N bosons in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential, it is well known that the asymptotic (N→∞) density of states is identical to the Hardy-Ramanujan formula for the partitions p(n), of a number n into a sum of integers. We show that the same statistical mechanics technique for the density of states of bosons in a power-law spectrum yields the partitioning formula for ps(n), the latter being the number of partitions of n into a sum of sth powers of a set of integers. By making an appropriate modification of the statistical technique, we are also able to obtain ds(n) for distinct partitions. We find that the distinct square partitions d2(n) show pronounced oscillations as a function of n about the smooth curve derived by us. The origin of these oscillations from the quantum point of view is discussed. After deriving the Erdos-Lehner formula for restricted partitions for the s=1 case, we use the modified technique to obtain a new formula for distinct restricted partitions.  相似文献   

17.
《Nuclear Physics B》1999,542(3):659-693
We construct new non-diagonal solutions to the boundary Yang-Baxter equation corresponding to a two-dimensional field theory with Uq(a2(1)) quantum affine symmetry on a half-line. The requirements of boundary unitarity and boundary crossing symmetry are then used to find overall scalar factors which lead to consistent reflection matrices. Using the boundary bootstrap equations we also compute the reflection factors for scalar bound states (breathers). These breathers are expected to be identified with the fundamental quantum particles in a2(1) affine Toda field theory and we therefore obtain a conjecture for the affine Toda reflection factors. We compare these factors with known classical results and discuss their duality properties and their connections with particular boundary conditions.  相似文献   

18.
Both a quantum molecular dynamic method and high level ab initio calculations (MP2, CCSD(T)) have been used to investigate the mechanism of the C3 + H3+ reaction, which is part of the ion chemistry in interstellar clouds. Furthermore statistic initial orientations in collision simulations have been set up in order to determinate reaction cross-sections and rate coefficients of all occurring reaction channels. Our analysis shows that the revealed mechanism is strongly determined by dynamic effects.  相似文献   

19.
We report results from detailed state selective photo-recombination study along with the doubly excited autoionizing resonances in Be-like C2+ and Al9+ ions. In the present investigation, the primary focus is on detailed energy profiles of the individual photo-recombination cross sections. The calculation was carried out for the excited Rydberg states of type 1s 22sns(1Se) which interact with the odd-parity continua up to the C3+ and Al10+ 2p threshold limit. The numerical evaluation has been performed at a fine energy mesh across all the autoionizing Rydberg series of resonances 1s 22pns(1P0) converging to Li-like ion 2p threshold. The method of calculation keeps the essential ingredients of the Feshbach projection operator approximation. The photo-ionization cross sections have been evaluated with and without relativistic effects included into the R-matrix numerical procedures, while the allowance for both quantum interference between dielectronic and radiative recombination, and overlapping resonances has been done utilizing results from the earlier R-matrix Floquet calculation. We discuss all these results with respect to the effect of quantum interference term on the energy dependence profile of photo-recombination cross section for studied transitions.  相似文献   

20.
We calculate the atomic structure, energy levels, oscillator strengths, transition probabilities, and collision strengths for Kr XXVII. The data refer to the 157 fine-structure levels belonging to the configurations (1s2) 2s2 2p6, 2s22p53l, 2s12p63l, 2s22p54l, 2s12p64l, 2s22p55l, and 2s12p65l, where l?=?s, p, d, f, and the calculations are performed using the fully relativistic atomic structure program FAC. We use the obtained data to calculate the level populations and gain coefficients employing the MATLAB R2012a computer program for solving simultaneously the coupled rate equations. Finally, we determine the 157 fine-structure population levels and gain coefficients for those transitions with a positive inversion factor and plot the electron density in wide range from 1019 to 1023.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号