BrO-3-SO32--H+-KMnO4 pH Oscillation Reaction

在BrO-3-SO23-H+-KMnO4振荡体系的基础上,通过改变反应参数,研究了对体系振荡现象的影响,发现了一些新的现象,如颜色的振荡,无沉淀的高pH值稳态及沉淀的生成等,并结合我们的实验对现象进行了解释,对前人提出的机理进行了改进,在此基础上绘制了KMnO4的浓度对CSTR的总流量的相图([KMnO4]-Kf).     

BrO_3~--SO_3~(2-)-H~ -KMnO_4系pH振荡反应

在ＢｒＯ 3~－-ＳＯ_３~（２－）-Ｈ~＋-ＫＭｎＯ_４振荡体系的基础上,通过改变反应参数,研究了对体系振荡现象的影响,发现了一些新的现象,如颜色的振荡,无沉淀的高ｐＨ值稳态及沉淀的生成等,并结合我们的实验对现象进行了解释,对前人提出的机理进行了改进,在此基础上绘制了ＫＭｎＯ４的浓度对ＣＳＴＲ的总流量的相图（［ＫＭｎＯ４］－Ｋｆ）     

间二苯酚-KBrO3-H2SO4体系化学振荡的研究

用电位法研究了间苯二酚-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4(体系A)及间苯二酚-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4-MnSO_4(体系B)的化学振荡现象. 得出了两振荡体系的诱导期及振荡周期与反应物起始浓度及温度关系的经验方程.间苯二酚在诱导期结束时全被氧化, 它不是参与振荡的物质. 体系B在低Mn~(2+)浓度下可呈现双振荡现象, 即第一类振荡结束后, 经一段非振荡时间再产生第二类振荡. 两类振荡的特征不同. 第一类振荡与体系A的振荡行为基本相似. 第二类振荡的各个周期随c_M 减小而缩短,最后趋于相同; 随c_K、c_H增大而减小, 最后各自趋于一致. 但周期与c_R基本无关. 第二类振荡出现周期双单调变化现象, 它补充与支持了文献[1]中的提法. 当Mn~(2+)浓度增高到一定程度后, 双振荡现象消失, 仅产生一种振荡. 体系B是产生双振荡现象的典型事例之一.     

酪氨酸-KBrO3-H2SO4体系化学振荡反应的研究

本文首次报道酪氨酸-KBrO3-H2SO4体系的非催化化学振荡反应及在Ce^36+等金属离子催化下的振荡反应, 研究了振荡反应产物及许多因素对振荡反应的影响,讨论了非催化振荡反应的控制机理。根据实验结果以及振荡反应的一般机理,对上述体系非催化振荡反应的机理作了初步的探索, 并用以对实验现象作了定性说明。     

酪氨酸-KBrO3-H2SO4体系化学振荡反应的研究

本文首次报道酪氨酸-KBrO_3-H_2SO_4体系的非催化化学振荡反应及在Ce~(3+)等金属离子催化下的振荡反应,研究了振荡反应产物及许多因素对振荡反应的影响,讨论了非催化振荡反应的控制机理。根据实验结果以及振荡反应的一般机理,对上述体系非催化振荡反应的机理作了初步的探索,并用以对实验现象作了定性说明。     

反应NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7的非线性化学动力学1: 固相振 荡燃烧的实验现 象

在外界环境条件恒定的情况下,反应体系NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7的燃烧过程是不均匀的,燃烧和光强呈周期性的强弱变化,给出了典型的化学振荡现象。本文介绍了NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7体系的固相振荡燃烧配方,对新配方进行了实验,研究了这个体系的固相振荡燃烧现象的非线性特性,分析了固相化学振荡的非线性化学反应动力学机理。     

反应NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7的非线性化学动力学1: 固相振 荡燃烧的实验现 象

在外界环境条件恒定的情况下,反应体系NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7的燃烧过程是不均匀的,燃烧和光强呈周期性的强弱变化,给出了典型的化学振荡现象。本文介绍了NH~4ClO~4+Mg+K~2Cr~2O~7体系的固相振荡燃烧配方,对新配方进行了实验,研究了这个体系的固相振荡燃烧现象的非线性特性,分析了固相化学振荡的非线性化学反应动力学机理。     

反应NH4ClO4+Mg+K2Cr2O7的非线性化学动力学Ⅰ.固相振荡燃烧的实验现象

在外界环境条件恒定的情况下,反应体系NH4ClO4+Mg+K2Cr2O7的燃烧过程是不均匀的,燃烧和光强呈周期性的强弱变化,给出了典型的化学振荡现象.本文介绍了NH4ClO4+Mg+K2Cr2O7体系的固相振荡燃烧配方,对新配方进行了实验,研究了这个体系的固相振荡燃烧现象的非线性特性,分析了固相化学振荡的非线性化学反应动力学机理.     

KIO_3-KSCN-H~+反应体系的非线性动力学研究

研究了 KIO3-KSCN-H+反应体系在连续搅拌流动反应器 ( CSTR)中的非线性动力学行为 .在 CSTR中 ,该反应体系的 Pt电极电位显示出持续振荡现象 ,振荡的浓度范围非常宽 .通过酸度及各种金属离子对体系振荡行为影响的研究发现 ,对振荡体系具有催化作用的可能物种是 H+ 离子而不是金属离子     

间歇釜中BZ类均相无机振荡反应的研究

在间歇釜中, 以BrO3^--H2PO2^--Mn^2^+-Fe(phen)3^2^+-H2SO4为体系, 本文首次设计了一个纯无机均相BZ类化学振荡体系, 采用溴离子选择性电极和紫外可见分光光度计可分别观察到[Br^-],[Mn^3^+]和[Fe(phen)3^3^+]的振荡现象。对振荡反应产物及总反应计量关系进行了分析, 考察了反应物浓度和反应温度对体系振荡反应的影响, 并由此计算得到振荡反应的表观活化能, 研究了Cl^-,Br^-, Br2, 丙烯腈等因素对振荡反应的影响, 并由此对振荡反应的控制机理作了探索。对体系中两种金属离子的作用进行了分析。在此基础上提出了一种在间歇釜中设计均相BZ类振荡反应的新方法。利用这一方法, 不仅可以设计无机振荡反应, 而且还可以设计一系列由氨基酸、多肽、糖类等具有生物功能的物质参与的化学振荡, 有助于理解生物体内普遍存在的周期性现象。     

低浓度甲烷甲醇深度氧化Ag/La0.6Sr0.4MnO3催化剂

Ag-modified La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 catalysts were prepared and their catalytic performance for deep oxidation of CH4 and CH3OH at low concentrations were investigated. The results showed that the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 host catalyst with the perovskite-type nano-crystallite structure displayed considerably high catalytic activity for deep oxidation of CH4 and CH3OH at low concentrations. Ag modification to the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 host catalyst resulted in significant enhancement of the catalyst activity, making the T95 (the reaction temperature needed for conversion of 95%of CH4 or CH3OH) lowered down to 735K (for CH4) and 421K (for CH3OH) from 813 and 465 K over the Ag-free system under the reaction conditions:0.1MPa,CH4/O2/N2=2/12/86(molar ratio),GHSV=45000 h-1 and CH3OH/O2/N2= 0.2/1.0/98.8 (molar ratio),GHSV=58000 h-1,respectively.The carbon containing product was almost CO2 and the contents of HCHO and CO in the reaction exit gas were both under GC detectable limit in both cases.
The results of spectroscopic characterization indicated that modification by proper amount of Ag-dopant did not change the perovskite structure of the La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 host catalyst as a whole. Interaction of Ag-dopant with the surface of the host catalyst,La0.6Sr0.4MnO3,was in favor of high dispersion of the Ag component at the catalyst surface and led to the oxidation of part of the Mn3+species to Mn4+,resulting in an increase of amounts of the reducible Mnn+ species and a decrease of their reduction temperature. On the other hand, this interaction led also to enhancement of adsorption ability of the catalyst toward O2 at relatively low temperature. High activity of the Ag modified La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 catalyst for CH4 and CH3OH complete oxidation was closely related to high redox-activity of the catalyst and its prominent adsorption-activation ability to O2 at relatively low temperatures.     

氨基酸-BrO-3-Mn2+-H2SO4-丙酮体系的振荡反应

This paper, Using potentiometric method, first reports the oscillating behavior of five amino acids (L-methionine, L-cystine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-tyrosine) in a new oscillating system of amino acid-BrO_3~--Mn~(2+)-H_2SO_4-acetone. The effect of many factors on oscillation have been investigated. According to Arrhenius equation, the apparent activation energy of the oscillatary induction period and oscillation period of five oscillating systems are obtained within temperature range of 20～37 ℃.     

CH2(X 3B1)与NO的基元化学反应研究

The reaction of methylene radicals in their 3 B1 electronic ground state with molecular NO was studied. Pure CH2(X 3 B1 ) radicals were produced by UV photolysis of ketene at 351 nm. The products were measured by Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared (TR-FTIR) spectrometer. CO.OH .NH2 and HOCN or its isomer HNCO were found as primary products and several possible channels of this reaction were suggested.     

均分散超微细α-Fe2O3水溶胶的制备

均分散微米、亚微米或纳米级α-Fe_2O_3的制备包括静态水解法［1－3］、沸腾回流水解法[4]以及微乳液反应法[5]．随着粒子尺寸的减少,则体系具有明显的表面和体积效应[6]以及光电化学性质[7]．预计均分散超微细α-Fe_2O_3将会在催化、材料等许多新技术领域获得重要的应用．但以FeCl3为原料的水解法,Fb3十浓度一般在0．02－0．04mol·L－1很窄的浓度范围之内,超出该浓度范围将得到足β-FeOOH而不是α-Fe_2O_3[8]．以Fe（NO3）3为原料,虽然Fe3十浓度可增至0．2mol·L－1,但随之而来的不利因素：（1）水解时间增加几倍;（2）产率…     

Pr3＋或La3＋与克拉红霉素对大肠杆菌的协同作用

用LKB-2277生物活性检测系统采用停流法于37 ℃测定了克拉红霉素及克拉红霉素分别与Pr(NO3)3和La(NO3)3混合后,对大肠杆菌生长抑制作用的热效应变化.根据热动力学模型进行了定量解析,得到了各体系的克拉红霉素浓度c与大肠杆菌生长速率常数k之间关系式及其半抑制浓度Ic50. 克拉红霉素:　　 k=0.03106－1.273×10－3c　Ic50=8.81 μg•mL－1　　(0.5～20 μg•mL－1) 克拉红霉素＋Pr3＋: k=0.02967－1.332×10－3c Ic50=7.38 μg•mL－1　　 (1～15 μg•mL－1) 克拉红霉素＋La3＋: k=0.02741－1.194×10－3c　Ic50=6.34 μg•mL－1　 (1～15 μg•mL－1) 微量热结果不仅表征了克拉红霉素的抗菌活性强于红霉素,Pr3＋或La3＋与克拉红霉素协同作用也使抗菌活性增强,而且反映了不同药物作用下细菌的生理、生化和代谢过程热动力学特征的变化.     

α-Fe2O3掺杂对In2O3电导和气敏性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了α Fe2O3掺杂的In2O3纳米晶微粉,研究了α Fe2O3掺杂对In2O3电导和气敏性能的影响. 结果表明, α Fe2O3和In2O3间可形成有限固溶体In2－xFexO3(0≤x≤0.40); Fe3＋对In2O3晶格中In3＋格位的部分取代,大大增强了阴阳离子间的结合力,导致材料中氧空位VO×数骤降、 自由电子的浓度变稀和电导下降. n(Fe3＋):n(In3＋)=5 :5的共沉淀粉于800 ℃下灼烧4 h所得的α Fe2O3掺杂In2O3传感器元件,对45 μmol•L－1 C2H5OH的灵敏度达54.0,为相同浓度干扰气体汽油的8倍多.     

制备方法对WO3/ZrO2结构的影响

WO3/ZrO2 catalysts prepared from Zr(OH)4 and crystallized ZrO2 have been characterized by means of XRD, LRS (qualitative and quantitative), and the specific sufrace area has been measured. The influence of the preparation method, the contents of WO3 in the samples and the calcination tempearture on the specific surface areas of the samples, the phase of support and the structural states of active component has been studied. The results show: (1) WO3 can disperse on ZrO2 as a monolayer; (2) WO3 dispersed on Zr(OH)4 as a monolayer retards the crystalline growth of the support on calcination, makes it crystallizing into a metastable tetragonal modification, and prevents the inter- crystalline sintering between the crystallites of ZrO2. These factors would result in an increase in the specific surface area of WO3／ZrO2 prepared from Zr(OH)4. As the content of WO3 in the sample comes up to its monolayer capacity, this effect is displayed most fully. A chemical reaction can occur between WO3 and Zr(OH)4 (or the tetragonal ZrO2) at a high temperature(800℃),producing some superacid sites on the surface. By these views, the main experimental facts published in the literatures can been interpreted satisfactotily.     

两体扰动势和H2O通道反应的三原子体系解析势

提出了两体扰动势的概念.通过两体扰动势构造多原子相互作用体系解析势的理论方法,获得了非线性三原子H2O相互作用体系的解析势函数.用势能面正确描述了O（1D）＋H2→H2O→OH＋H通道反应的性质.理论分析和实验结果非常符合.该方法比较容易推广构造多原子相互作用体系解析势.     

稀土脯氨酸配合物[RE2(L-Pro)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6的标准生成焓测定

合成了两种稀土高氯酸盐与L 脯氨酸配合物的晶体.经热重、差热、化学分析及对比有关文献,知其组成是[Pr2(L Pro)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6和[Er2(L Pro)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6,质量分数为99.24％和98.20％.选用RE(NO3)3•6H2O(RE=Pr,Er)、L Pro、NaClO4•H2O和NaNO3作辅助物,使用具有恒温环境的反应热量计,以2 mol•L－1 HCl作溶剂,分别测定了[2RE(NO3)3•6H2O＋6L Pro＋6NaClO4•H2O]和{[RE2(L PrO)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6＋6NaNO3}在298.15 K时的溶解热.设计一热化学循环求得化学反应的反应焓ΔrHm分别是：63.904 kJ•mol－1和91.017 kJ•mol－1,经计算得配合物[RE2(L Pro)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6(s)在298.15 K时的标准生成焓ΔfHm(298.15 K)分别是－6 594.78 kJ•mol－1和－6 532.87 kJ•mol－1.     

MoO3电致变色薄膜的XPS研究

Molybdenum oxide films were fabricated successfully by spin coating from Li＋ doped peroxo polymolybdate solution via sol gel technique.Their electrochemical and electrochromic properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in situ UV transmittance measurements.The results showed that the films possessed excellent electrochemical stability and reversibility.The electrochromic mechanism of the MoO3 was discussed by using results obtained from X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results showed that the most part of the Mo6＋ in MoO3 film was reduced to Mo5＋ and Mo4＋ ions during the Li＋ intercalation process,Mo4＋ was oxidized to Mo5＋ and part of Mo5＋ was oxidized to Mo6＋ again during the Li＋ deintercalation process.So it was considered that Mo4＋ ions existed in the colored MoO3 films.