钙钛矿型LaCoO3的光催化活性

对钙钛矿型ＡＢＯ３复合氧化物的物理化学性质已有许多研究,但对其光催化活性很少报道．我们曾报道ＳｒＴｉＯ３［１］、ＰｂＴｉＯ３［２］等的制备及其对水溶性染料的光催化降解．本文报道ＬａＣｏＯ３的制备及其光催化活性．ＬａＣｏＯ３用柠檬酸络合法制取,所用试剂...     

醇盐水解法制备钛酸铅微粉的机理研究

采用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ等手段研究了醇盐水解法制备的钛酸铅微粉的晶化行为，并用化学分析方法对微粉中可溶铅含量做了研究。结果表明，未昌化微粉中Ｐｂ以无定形ＰｂＴｉＯ３和无定形ＰｂＯ两种形式存在，当热处理温度达到晶化温度区间（４３０￣４７０℃）时，无定形ＰｂＴｉＯ３向结晶型ＰｂＴｉＯ３的转化和无定形ＰｂＯ与ＴｉＯ２间的反应同时发生。     

共沉法制备PbTiO3微粉控制晶粒大小方法的研究

研究了超声分散作用和共沉物陈化条件对共沉法制备ＰｂＴｉＯ３微粉晶粒大小的影响，结果表明，在超声分散作用下进行共沉反应可使晶粒明显减小，并可降低ＰｂＴｉＯ３的晶化温度，共沉物在不同类型的表面活性剂水溶液中陈化效果不同，非离子型表面活性剂及其混合物可使陈化物粒子及ＰｂＴｉＯ３晶粒明显减小。     

水溶性染料在PbTiO3体系中的光催化降解

以ＰｂＴｉＯ３为光催化剂，对多种水溶性染料的光催化降解反应进行了研究，结果表明：光降解脱色效率与染料溶液匠ＰＨ值、光照时间、光源种类及催化剂用量等因素有关，染料浓度为１０ｍｇ／ＬＰＨ＝６，催化剂用量为１００ｍｇ／５０ｍｌ，直接以太阳光作光源，光照１ｈ以后，脱色率达９０５以上，有机染料中硫和氮元素转化为ＳＯ４＾２－和ＮＯ３的生成率分别为８５％和６５％。     

Nd2O3改性PbTiO3陶瓷性能的研究

通过添加少量的Ｎｄ２Ｏ３可以改善ＰｂＴｉＯ３陶瓷的性能。这种性能的改善是与用Ｎｄ２Ｏ３改性的ＰｂＴｉＯ３陶瓷的显微结构物导电机制密切相关的。本文研究了Ｎｄ２Ｏ３改性的ＰｂＴｉＯ３陶瓷的性能参数。     

掺杂对PbTiO3光催化活性的影响

掺杂对ＰｂＴｉＯ_３光催化活性的影响傅希贤，单志兴，肖坤林，曾淑兰（天津大学化学系天津３０００７２）关键词ＰｂＴｉＯ_３，掺杂，光催化活性，光降解利用半导体材料光催化降解水中污染物是近年发展起来的重要课题之一［１］，一般多采用半导体氧化物为光催化剂，文...     

制备方法对超细Cu／ZnO／Al2O3催化剂上CO2＋H2合成甲醇的影响

制备方法对超细Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂上ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２合成甲醇的影响张玉龙，王欢，邓景发（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词超细粒子，合成甲醇，Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂，ＣＯ_２＋Ｈ_２ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２合成甲醇是目前的热门课题［１～...     

在活性炭孔隙中形成微粉粒子

在活性炭孔隙中形成微粉粒子赵振国，程虎民，马季铭，齐利民（北京大学物理化学研究所，北京，１００８７１）关键词ＰｂＴｉＯ_３，活性炭，微粉粒子制备近年来，在泡沸石的均匀孔介质中形成ＣｄＳ和ＰｂＳ簇已有报道［１，２］。但在沸石笼中形成超微粒子受到一定的限?..     

LaVO3和NdVO3的合成

以Ｖ２Ｏ３为起始原料，在氩气中合成了ＡＢＯ３型稀土钒化合物，对加热前通氩气的时间，Ｖ２Ｏ３∶Ｌａ２Ｏ３的配比等进行了探讨，得到了适宜的制备条件。首次报道了ＬｎＶＯ３（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｎｄ）的热学性质，发现ＬａＶＯ３具有吸附二氧化碳的特性。     

钙钛矿型SrFeO3-λ对部分染料的光催化活性

本文用柠檬酸法合成钙钛矿型ＳｒＦｅＯ３－λ,并用水溶性染料在ＳｒＦｅＯ３－λ悬浮体系中进行光催化降解实验。实验发现了在ＳｒＦｅＯ３－λ化合物中,由于Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾４＋、Ｆｅ＾５＋离子的共存使ＳｒＦｅＯ３－λ具有优异的光催化染料降解活性。     

钛酸铅和钛酸钡振动性质及铁电相变的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函赝势的方法, 研究了不同晶相的钛酸铅和钛酸钡的振动模式. 没有发现钛酸铅存在低温相变的证据, 而钛酸钡则存在四方-正交和正交-三角铁电相变. 振动频率随四方应变的变化关系表明, 随着四方应变的增大, 软模的频率增大, 在某一个临界点, 不稳定的软模转变为稳定的振模. 由于钛酸铅具有较大的四方应变, 使得其能够在四方相稳定下来, 而钛酸钡较小的四方应变是其仍能够发生低温铁电相变的一个重要原因.     

Effect of Ag on the Grain Growth and Dielectric Properties of PbTiO3

A series of Ag-PbTiO3 composites were synthesized, and the effects of silver on the morphological development of hydrothermal synthesized PbTiO3 particles and dielectric properties of PbTiO3 ceramic were investigated. Results show that the introduction of Ag benefits the crystal growth of PbTiO3. The diffusion of Ag+ into the perovskite accelerates the crystal growth of PbTiO3 and leads to large fine PbTiO3 crystal. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of PbTiO3-based ceramic was enhanced greatly by the percolation effect of inner Ag clusters.     

Structure and Shape Control of Hydrothermally Synthesized PbTiO3--Effects of pH and Complexing Agents

Tabular PE-PbTiO3,spherical PY-PbTiO3,and acicular PX-PbTiO3 powders were hydrothermally synthesized from triethanolamine(TEA)-complexed precurso;clubbed PE-PbTiO3 powders were obtained from diethanolamine(DEA)-complexed precursor,The effects of pH of the hydrolyzation as well as complexing agents including TEA,DEA,and MEA(monoethanolamine) on the structure and the morphology of PbTiO3 powders are discussed.The optimal conditions for hydrothermal Synthese of acicular and clubbed PbTiO3 powders have been established.The products were characterized by means of XRD.TEM and other techniques.     

The role of spontaneous polarization in the negative thermal expansion of tetragonal PbTiO3-based compounds

PbTiO(3)-based compounds are well-known ferroelectrics that exhibit a negative thermal expansion more or less in the tetragonal phase. The mechanism of negative thermal expansion has been studied by high-temperature neutron powder diffraction performed on two representative compounds, 0.7PbTiO(3)-0.3BiFeO(3) and 0.7PbTiO(3)-0.3Bi(Zn(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3), whose negative thermal expansion is contrarily enhanced and weakened, respectively. With increasing temperature up to the Curie temperature, the spontaneous polarization displacement of Pb/Bi (δz(Pb/Bi)) is weakened in 0.7PbTiO(3)-0.3BiFeO(3) but well-maintained in 0.7PbTiO(3)-0.3Bi(Zn(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3). There is an apparent correlation between tetragonality (c/a) and spontaneous polarization. Direct experimental evidence indicates that the spontaneous polarization originating from Pb/Bi-O hybridization is strongly associated with the negative thermal expansion. This mechanism can be used as a guide for the future design of negative thermal expansion of phase-transforming oxides.     

Pressure-induced phase transitions in PbTiO3: a query for the polarization rotation theory

Our first-principles computations show that the ground state of PbTiO3 under hydrostatic pressure transforms discontinuously from P4mm to R3c at 9 GPa. Spontaneous polarization decreases with increasing pressure so that the R3c phase transforms to the centrosymmetric Rc phase at around 27 GPa. The first-order phase transition between the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases is exceptional since there is no evidence for a bridging phase. The essential feature of the R3c and Rc phases is that they allow the oxygen octahedron to increase its volume VB at the expense of the cuboctahedral volume VA around a Pb ion. This is further supported by the fact that neither the R3m nor Cm phase, which keep the VA/VB ratio constant, is a ground state within the pressure range between 0 and 40 GPa. Thus, tetragonal strain is dominant up to 9 GPa, whereas at higher pressures, efficient compression through oxygen octahedra tilting plays the central role for PbTiO3. Previously predicted pressure induced colossal enhancement of piezoelectricity in PbTiO3 corresponds to unstable Cm and R3m phases. This suggests that the phase instability, in contrast to the polarization rotation, is responsible for the large piezoelectric properties observed in systems like Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary.     

Morphology-controlled synthesis of lead titanate powders

A simple and high-yield synthetic route was developed to synthesize the different-shaped PbTiO3 powders. Spherical, rod, and cubic shapes of PbTiO3 were achieved from the precursors of spherical and rod TiO2/K2Ti4O9 compounds with PbO in the NaCl-KCl melts at the temperatures from 700 to 900 degrees C, respectively. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and morphology. Moreover, the formation mechanism of PbTiO3 with controlled morphologies was analyzed. PbO diffused to the TiO2 surface in the molten salts, followed with the nucleation and growth of PbTiO3; thus, morphology control of PbTiO3 was realized through controlling the shapes of the titanium source. Raman spectra of the as-synthesized PbTiO3 showed mode-softening behaviors of E(1TO) related to the weakening in ferroelectricity.     

Self-templated synthesis of single-crystal and single-domain ferroelectric nanoplates

Free-standing single-crystal PbTiO(3) nanoplates were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. A "self-templated" crystal growth is presumed to lead to the formation of the PbTiO(3) nanoplates, which have ferroelectric single-domain structures, whose polarization areas can be manipulated by writing and reading. The nanoplates are also effective catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide.