XST-环和Morita-Like等价

XST-环的概念于1999年由García和Marín[1]引进.本文主要研究XST-环的Morita-Like等价.证明了在环R中,由两个右q-稠密的XST-环确定的两个完全可加的范畴是同构的.通过描述生成元AM的自同态环End(AM)的q-稠密右理想和稠密右理想的关系,得到了,对于有单位元的环A而言,位于FMг(A)和FCг(A)间的中间矩阵环上的所有完全可加范畴是同构的.如此,扩张了中间矩阵环的Morita-Like等价链[2].再则,改进了文[1]中的主要结果,刻画了一个右XST-环Morita-Like等价于一个有单位元的环的条件.     

矩阵环的单边理想

设R是有单位元1的环,(R)_n表示R上全体n阶方阵关于矩阵加法与乘法作成的环,则(R)_n的所有理想作成的格(见[1]P217)与R的所有理想作成的格同构(见[2]P178)。本文讨论(R)_n的左理想,得出如下结论: 1) (R)_n的左理想格同构于左R-模的子模格。     

环的中心幂等元与Boolean代数的表示

本文拟给出Boolean代数另一完全不同于Stone表示[1]的表示。文中所讨论的环均指结合环。 设A是一个有单位元1的半素环(即A不含非零幂零理想)。令E(A)是A的所有中心幂等元的集合。在E(A)中定义 则易知是E(A)上一个代数运算。又     

右自内射环中右本质理想极大,极小条件的等价性

环论中一个熟知的结果是:当环R有单位元时,由右理想极小条件可推出右理想极大条件,但反之不然.Faith在[2]中证明在R是右自内射时,右理想极大和极小条件等价.本文中,我们研究另一类减弱的极大、极小条件:右本质理想极大和极小条件.证明了在R是右自内射的情形,它们是等价的.然后利用E.P.Armendariz的结果, 给出了QF环的一个特征,推广了Faith的相应结果. 本文中,环R均指有单位元的结合环,J记R的Jacobson根,Z_r(R)记R的右奇异(singular)理想,正则环指YOn Neumann regular,模永远指右模,若M是R-模,则     

环Z[X]不是中华环

设R是具有单位元1的交换环;A是R中的理想而a,b则是R中的任意元.定义a≡b(A)若Ra+A=Rb+A.称环R是中华环若a≡b(A+B),则存在c∈R使c≡a(A)及c≡b(B).环是中华环的充要条件是由K.Aubert与A.Beck二人于1980年找出的.显然,整数环Z必是中华环.Aubert与Beck二人亦证明了Z[x,y]不是中华环.但他们二人无法证明Z[X]是否中华环.本文用不同的手法处理,证明了Z[X]不可能是中华环.同时,我们进一步证明,对任意代数数a,环Z[a]均是中华环.因此,Aubert与Beck在1980年所提出的问题,在本文中得到圆满的解答.     

关于Von Neumann正则环的一个问题

设A是结合环,如果α∈αAα,(?)α∈A,则称A是Von Neumann正则环,以下简称正则环.环A的理想ι称为A的正则理想,如果ι作为环是正则环.结合环A的元素α叫做双正则元素,如果α在A中生成的主理想(α)有单位元.所有元都是双正则元的环叫做双正则环.如果环A的理想ι是双正则环,测称ι是A的双正则理想.我们知道,对任意结合环A,存在最大的正则理想(?)(A)和最大的双正则理想B(A).正则环全体之类(?)是Amitsur—Kurosh意义下的一个根环类,而且是一个遗传类.关于最大的双正则理想,Szasz在[1]的定理44.9中给出了如下结论:     

φ-满射环上线性群间的同构

设R是有l的交换环,{M。}:。,二Max(R),使得Max(R)表示R的极大谱,U(R)表示R的单位元素乘群若存在 功:x曰(几声)‘。:是R到完全武积环nR/河‘的满射,且对于尺的其理想A,个币一满射环*,其中元:为R到R/M‘的自然环同态。易见,射环。 (一r)‘ 功(A)也是其理想,则称R是一半局部环与域的道积环都是必一满 当R与R:都是域时,由〔3〕,若”,”1)3,则A:SL。(R)、SL。:(Ri)为同构嘴二净爪二,,1,且存在R到R,的同构a,p任GL。:(凡),使得 A￥二尸户介‘或Ax=尸(￥‘一‘).尸~,,丫xeSL。(R):.:. 本文将此结果推广到功一满射环上线性群间的同构,…     

矩阵环F[A]中元素的可逆性

研究了矩阵环F[A]中元素可逆的条件,讨论了矩阵环F[A]上的矩阵的初等变换与初等矩阵的性质,给出了求F[A]中可逆元的逆元的一个简便方法.     

算子代数上(m,n)-Jordan导子的刻画

设R是一个环,M是一个R-双边模,m和n是两个非负整数满足m+n≠0,如果δ是一个从R到M的可加映射满足对任意A∈R,(m+n)δ(A~2)=2mAδ(A)+2nδ(A)A,则称δ是一个(m,n)-Jordan导子.本文证明了,如果R是一个单位环,M是一个单位R-双边模含有一个由R中幂等元代数生成的左(右)分离集,那么,当m,n0且m≠n时,每一个从R到M的(m,n)-Jordan导子恒等于零.还证明了,如果A和B是两个单位环,M是一个忠实的单位(A,B)-双边模(N是一个忠实的单位(B,A)-双边模),m,n0且m≠n,U=[A N M B]是一个|mn(m-n)(m+n)|-无挠的广义矩阵环,那么每一个从U到自身的(m,n)-Jordan导子恒等于零.     

关于Hadamard不等式的再改进

本文提出并改进了文[1]中所给出的几个关于可除环上矩阵行列式的不等式,利用这些不等式我们给出了可除环上任意非奇异矩阵的经典Hadamard不等式的一个再改进. 定义1 设A=(a_(ij))_(n×n)是四元数除环Ω上的矩阵,A=(a_(ij))_(n×n)是A的共轭矩阵,如果A=A,则称A为自共轭矩阵,如果A的各阶主子式均为正实数,则称A为正定自共轭矩阵(文[2]定理4).     

分次单环的结构

A characterization of gr-simple rings is given by using the notion of componentwise-dense subrings of a full matrix ring over a division ring. As a consequence, any G-graded full matrix ring over a division ring is isomorphic to a dense subring of a full matrix ring with a good G-grading. Some conditions for a grading of a full matrix ring to be isomorphic to a good one are given, which generalize some results in: Dascascu, S., Lon, B., Nastasescu, C. and Montes, J. R., Group gradings on full matrix rings, J. Algebra, 220(1999), 709-728.     

与线性变换的完全环同构的环理论(Ⅰ)

<正> 熟知地,满足极小条件的单纯环只与一个有限维向量空间的线性变换的完全环同构.并且此向量空间如取为左向量空间的话,那末R的任一极小右理想均可取为此左向量空间.在没有有限条件情况下,Jacobsoo用本原环来取代这种单纯环.接着Wolfson研     

与线性变换的完全环同构的环理论(Ⅱ)

<正> 为了进一步对本原环结构的研究,本文引进规范环的概念,我们说环R是规范的,若R是一个线性变换完全环并且及的基座对于任一对应基{E_i}皆有=∑RE_i=∑E_iR.容易知道,满足单侧理想极小条件的单纯环必是规范的.     

On ideals of triangular matrix rings

We provide a formula for the number of ideals of complete block-triangular matrix rings over any ring R such that the lattice of ideals of R is isomorphic to a finite product of finite chains, as well as for the number of ideals of (not necessarily complete) block-triangular matrix rings over any such ring R with three blocks on the diagonal.     

Ideal-Symmetric and Semiprime Rings

Lambek extended the usual commutative ideal theory to ideals in noncommutative rings, calling an ideal A of a ring R symmetric if rst ∈ A implies rts ∈ A for r, s, t ∈ R. R is usually called symmetric if 0 is a symmetric ideal. This naturally gives rise to extending the study of symmetric ring property to the lattice of ideals. In the process, we introduce the concept of an ideal-symmetric ring. We first characterize the class of ideal-symmetric rings and show that this ideal-symmetric property is Morita invariant. We provide a method of constructing an ideal-symmetric ring (but not semiprime) from any given semiprime ring, noting that semiprime rings are ideal-symmetric. We investigate the structure of minimal ideal-symmetric rings completely, finding two kinds of basic forms of finite ideal-symmetric rings. It is also shown that the ideal-symmetric property can go up to right quotient rings in relation with regular elements. The polynomial ring R[x] over an ideal-symmetric ring R need not be ideal-symmetric, but it is shown that the factor ring R[x]/xⁿR[x] is ideal-symmetric over a semiprime ring R.     

GOOD IDEALS IN MATRIX RINGS OVER COMMUTATIVE PIR's

Abstract

An ideal A of a ring R is called a good ideal if the coset product r ₁ r ₂ + A of any two cosets r ₁ + A and r ₂ + A of A in the factor ring R/A equals their set product (r ₁ + A) º (r ₂ + A): = {(r ₁ + a)(r ₂ + a ₂): a ₁, a ₂ ε A}. Good ideals were introduced in [3] to give a characterization of regular right duo rings. We characterize the good ideals of blocked triangular matrix rings over commutative principal ideal rings and show that the condition A º A = A is sufficient for A to be a good ideal in this class of matrix rings, none of which are right duo. It is not known whether good ideals in a base ring carries over to good ideals in complete matrix rings over the base ring. Our characterization shows that this phenomenon occurs indeed for complete matrix rings of certain sizes if the base ring is a blocked triangular matrix ring over a commutative principal ideal ring.     

Coquasitriangular Hopf Group Algebras and Drinfel'd Co-Doubles

A ring R is called “semicommutative” if any right annihilator over R is an ideal of R. We show that special subrings of upper triangular matrix rings over a reduced ring are maximal semicommutative. Consequently, new families of semicommutative rings are presented.     

A generalization of right pci rings

By a well-known result of Osofsky [6, Theorem] a ring R is semisimple (i.e. R is right artinian and the Jacobson radical of R is zero) if and only if every cyclic right R-module is injective. Starting from this, a larger class of rings has been introduced and investigated, namely the class of right PCI rings. A ring R is called right PCI if every proper cyclic right R- module is injective (proper here means not being isomorphic to RR). By [l] and [Z], a right PCI ring is either semisimple or it is a right noetherian, right hereditary simple ring. The latter ring is usually called a right PCI domain. In this paper we consider the similar question in studying rings whose cyclic right modules satisfy some decomposition property. The starting point is a theorem recently proved in 13, Theorem 1.1): A ring R is right artinian if and only if every cyclic right R- module is a direct sum of an injective module and a finitely cogenerated module.     

Local rings whose modules are almost serial

The present paper is a sequel to our previous work on almost uniserial rings and modules, which appeared in the Journal of Algebra in 2016; it studies rings over which every (left and right) module is almost serial. A module is almost uniserial if any two of its submodules are either comparable in inclusion or isomorphic. And a module is almost serial if it is a direct sum of almost uniserial modules. The results of the paper are inspired by a characterization of Artinian serial rings as rings having all left (or right) modules serial. We prove that if R is a local ring and all left R-modules are almost serial then R is an Artinian ring which is uniserial either on the left or on the right. We also produce a connection between local rings having all left and right modules almost serial, local balanced rings studied by Dlab and Ringel and local Köthe rings. Finally we prove Morita invariance of the almost serial property and list some consequences.     

Remarks on Centers of Rings

It is proved that for matrices A,B in the n by n upper triangular matrix ring Tn(R) over a domain R,if AB is nonzero and central in Tn(R) then AB =BA.The n by n full matrix rings over right Noetherian domains are also shown to have this property.In this article we treat a ring property that is a generalization of this result,and a ring with such a property is said to be weakly reversible-over-center.The class of weakly reversible-over-center rings contains both full matrix rings over right Noetherian domains and upper triangular matrix rings over domains.The structure of various sorts of weakly reversible-over-center rings is studied in relation to the questions raised in the process naturally.We also consider the connection between the property of being weakly reversible-over-center and the related ring properties.