小晶粒ZSM-5沸石的绿色、经济性合成（英文）

通过添加少量silicalite-1做为活性晶种在较宽的SiO_2/Al_2O_3比范围内制备得到了小晶粒ZSM-5沸石,对所得样品进行X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),N_2吸附-脱附,氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)以及吡啶吸附红外(Py-IR)表征。研究结果表明活性晶种能有效导向生成ZSM-5沸石,避免杂晶形成并可减小所得沸石的晶粒尺寸;所得ZSM-5在低硅铝比(SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio=30)时呈纳米颗粒聚集体形貌,具有多级孔道结构性质;在较高硅铝比时(SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio=60–120)呈小晶粒形貌,颗粒尺寸大约200 nm。值得注意的是由胶态晶种引入的少量TPAOH不完全堵塞沸石的微孔孔道,因此所得所有沸石均无需提前焙烧除去模板剂即可进行离子交换得到具有酸性的H型ZSM-5沸石,所得酸性H型ZSM-5沸石具有和常规方法得到的相同SiO_2/Al_2O_3比的ZSM-5相似的酸类型、强度和酸量,在催化甲醇转化制备烯烃时呈现出相似的甲醇转化率和烯烃选择性。与常规ZSM-5制备方法比较,该方法能够大大减少模板剂的使用量,避免了样品离子交换前的焙烧,方法绿色清洁、成本低廉,具有很好的潜在的工业应用前景。     

无有机胺体系中高硅ZSM-5沸石的一步合成

在无有机胺模板剂和不加晶种体系中,采用较低晶化温度(130℃),在水热体系中一步合成了形貌均一的板块状高硅ZSM-5沸石(n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_390)。系统地考察了合成体系中原料的物质的量之比对合成ZSM-5沸石的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD),傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR),扫描电镜(SEM),低温氮气吸附/脱附和固体核磁共振(~(29)Si MAS NMR)等技术手段对合成的ZSM-5沸石进行了物化表征。结果表明,当原料的物质的量之比n_(C_2H_5OH)/n_(SiO_2)=2.8、n_(Na_2O)/n_(SiO_2)=0.14和n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_3)=150时,可合成具有高结晶度的ZSM-5纯相沸石。比表面积和微孔孔容分别为409 m~2·g~(-1)和0.14 cm~3·g~(-1),其骨架n_(SiO_2)/n_(Al_2O_3)达到96.4。     

合成气在铁锰/沸石催化剂上合成低碳烯烃的研究——Ⅰ.不同沸石分子筛担载Fe-MnO催化剂反应性能的考察

通过对各种沸石分子筛,Al_2O_3及SiO_2担载的Fe-MnO催化剂上CO加氢反应性能的考察,发现pentasil型沸石担载的Fe-MnO催化剂有良好的低碳烯烃选择性,而其它沸石、SiO_2及Al_2O_3担载的Fe-MnO催化剂则不刊于低碳烯烃的产生。这可能一方面是由于pentasil型沸石担载的Fe-MnO催化剂本身存在着金属与载体间的强相互作用(SMSI)使催化剂有利于烯烃生成,另一方面是由于pentasil型沸石独特的孔道有利于低碳烯烃的及时扩散离去,抑制了低碳烯烃在金属活性中心上的二次反应。研究还表明,催化剂活性与α-Fe°及反应过程中生成的∑-Fe2.2C和∑′-Fe2.2C含量存在对应关系。     

合成高硅铝比的ZSM-5沸石的新过程

ZSM-5沸石是美国Mobil公司最早在(TAA)__2O—Na_2—Al_2O_3—SiO_2—H_2O体系中合成的,其SiO_2/Al_2O_3比可在相当大的范围内变化。1977年美国联合碳化物公司从上述体系不加铝合成了纯硅沸石,称做“Silicalite”,具有与ZSM-5沸石相同的骨架结构,被认为是ZSM-5沸石系列的最后一个成员.由于它基本上不含铝和基本上没有阳离子位置,所以显示有高度的亲有机物和疏水特征,能够将有机物从水中分离出来.     

ZSM-5分子筛生成中的模板效应——Ⅴ.反应混合物中铝含量对ZSM-5和ZSM-11分子筛生成的影响

以TBA~+为模板剂在六种不同的体系中合成了ZSM-5和ZSM-11分子筛。考察了反应混合物中Al_2O_3含量对产物中ZSM-5和ZSM-11分子筛的相对含量及其晶化速度的影响。在此基础上,提出了ZSM-5和ZSM-11分子筛三维骨架的形成步骤,较好地解释了实验现象。     

双矿化剂对合成ZSM-5分子筛酸性和织构特征及其甲醇转化制丙烯催化性能的影响（英文）

采用静态水热法在F~--OH~-体系中,以四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂、偏铝酸钠为铝源、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,合成了纳米SiO_2-ZSM-5分子筛,考察了F-/Al_2O_3物质的量比对所合成的ZSM-5分子筛织构性质和甲醇转化制丙烯催化性能的影响。结果发现,随着初始溶胶F~-/Al_2O_3物质的量比的增大,产物中SiO_2的含量增大,ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度有所降低;同时,分子筛的比表面积和孔容减小、酸强度降低、酸量减少。对于甲醇转化制丙烯,最佳F-/Al_2O_3物质的量比为12;此时,丙烯选择性高于45%,丙烯/乙烯(P/E)比值大于10。反应机理分析表明,过渡态择形选择性是控制烯烃选择性的重要因素。     

一步法合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛（英文）

多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛的合成过程复杂。利用双模板剂,通过优化晶化条件(如晶化时间与晶化温度)和Si/Al物质的量比等一步水热晶化合成了具有多级孔结构的ZSM-5分子筛,并采用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、吡啶红外吸脱附、SEM和TEM等方法对样品的晶体结构、孔道结构、表面酸性和形貌等进行了表征。结果表明,一步法合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛的适宜条件是:晶化温度160-180℃,晶化时间24-96 h,反应物组成为SiO_2/Al_2O_3/Na_2O/CTAB/TPABr/H_2O=1/x/0.4/0.05/0.12/280,(x:50-240)。其中,晶化温度160℃、晶化时间48 h和以Si/Al物质的量比50的凝胶合成的样品具有有序的介孔(平均尺寸3.60 nm)结构、较高的结晶度和较强的酸性。     

非水ZSM-48负载铁钾催化剂在CO+H_2反应中的性能研究

本文将非水体系合成的ZSM-48沸石负载铁钾催化剂用于由合成气制备低碳烯烃的反应中。分别用XRD,SEM、TPR对ZSM-48沸石和K-Fe/ZSM-48催化剂进行了表征。程序升温还原(TPR)技术表明,钾加入改变了ZSM-48催化剂的还原性质。ZSM-48硅铝比、晶体形貌和铁、钾含量对催化反应具有不同程度的影响。适当选择沸石形貌等因素,合成产品中C_2—C_4烯烃选择性可达54%,烯烷比为5.O。     

(M,Na)ZSM-5沸石合成中的阳离子效应 Ⅰ.沸石成胶、成核及晶化过程的阳离子效应

研究了ZSM-5沸石合成过程中(类)碱金属阳离子对沸石成胶、成核及晶化过程的影响。修正了高硅晶化平衡模型;探讨了M~+离子对此配料胶体的胶粒组成和结构的影响。发现M~+离子通过沸石配料表观pH值及本身物化性质控制沸石成核。实验结果表明,因Na~+,NH_4~+离子的竞争作用,在ZSM-5与沸石合成中发生二次成核。K~+离子的存在促进了ZSM-5沸石向α-SiO_2的转变,它是水溶液结构、ZSM-5沸石结构破坏阳离子     

沸石分子筛的生成机理与晶体生长 Ⅷ.Ω型沸石的晶化

本文系统地研究了Ω型沸石的晶化问题:在(TMA)_2O-Na_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O体系中140℃下的晶化区域与纯相的生成条件;非自发晶化体系中的晶体生长动力学与自发成核体系中的晶化动力学.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.