旋转钻柱环空动力学问题的研究

本文分析了环空状态下的工作钻柱与井壁的接触机理,建立了钻柱与井壁动态摩擦接触的一般模型,提出了解决待定边界问题及钻柱动态分析的计算方法。计算说明不同工况下,钻柱与井壁具有不同的接触形式。     

水平井钻柱接触问题的间隙元法

长中半径水平井钻柱与井壁的接触问题是大面积接触的几何非线性问题。本文通过构造“多向接触间隙元”把钻柱与井壁结合起来研究,能方便正确地反映这种接触状态的变化规律,也能解决一般有限元法会遇到的总刚奇异性问题。运用本文方法,可以对整体钻柱或下部钻柱进行接触有限元分析。采用欧拉-修正的牛顿迭代法进行运算,给出钻头受力变形值,为井眼轨道控制提供了重要依据。 现场实验证明,在井眼轨道跟踪预测和钻具组合性能评价方面,本文计算结果与实测结果符合很好,对提高钻进速度,保证钻井质量有较大的实用意义。     

长中半径水平井钻柱接触摩擦阻力分析

用整体钻柱静力模型和间隙元法,分析了长中半径水平井钻柱的接触非线性问题,算出了钻柱与井壁接触摩擦阻力的分布,为水平井井眼轨道设计和施工提供了重要参数。     

环空钻柱三维二重非线性动力学问题的研究

通过对大挠度钻柱受力变形特点及其环空旋转状态下与井壁接触机理的分析，根据动力学原理，建立和进一步完善钻柱与井壁动态摩擦接触模型．根据有限元理论，提出了Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ法与Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ－Ｒａｐｈｓｏｎ法相结合的模式，解决钻柱二重非线性动力学问题．计算分析结果说明，文中理论模型是可行的，不仅更完善，而且更简便；动态非线性效应分析得到了与静态分析相似的结论；钻柱与井壁各种接触形式或并存或交替都有可能；转速较高时动态影响不容忽视．     

间隙元在钻柱接触非线性力学分析中的应用

为了描述钻柱与井壁的接触摩擦非线性问题，构造了多向接触摩擦间隙元，并进行了理论公式推导，把多向接触摩擦间隙元与梁单元相结合，建立了钻柱接触和几何非线性有限元分析方法。经大庆油田GPl水平井应用表明，该方法能够求出钻柱在不同井深处的接触摩阻力，其井口悬重计算误差低于10％，为钻柱设计和现场施工提供了可靠的理论依据。     

间隙元在钻柱瞬态动力学分析中的应用

为了描述钻柱与井壁的随机碰撞接触状态，本文构造了动力间隙元，并推导了动力间隙元的相对压缩量和迭代求解格式。把动力间隙元与梁单元相结合，采用Newmark直接积分法和冲量定理，进行了钻柱碰撞接触非线性瞬态动力学分析。经工程应用表明，构造的动力间隙元能够描述钻柱的碰撞接触状态，所设计的偏心防斜钻具已在大庆油田得到应用，取得了明显的经济和社会效益。     

结构力学分析方法在南海水平井钻进预测中的应用

本文探讨了结构力学分析方法-非线性有限元性在预测水平井钻进中的工程应用,在钻探水平井尤其是大位移水平井中,事先较准确地预测出钻柱的钻进扭矩及钻头前进的方向,是取得水平井成功的关键条件之一。利用非线性有限元理论,着重分析了水平井实际钻进中的钻柱大变形非线性及钻柱与井壁的接触非线性问题,并导出了一套非线性有限元钻柱力学模式,在此基础上编制了一套非线性力学计算程序软件,并在海洋石油南海西部石油公司一个钻井平台水平井钻井进行了五口井的实际验证,获得了一些有启迪性的结论。     

气体钻井钻柱的静动力学特性研究

针对气体钻井钻具振动剧烈及频繁失效的实际问题,建立了全井段钻柱系统静力学模型和三向耦合振动的力学模型,研究了循环介质阻尼作用的计算公式。以川东某实钻井气体钻进段为例,利用考虑泥浆作用的振动模型与美国埃索公司现场数据和规律进行了对比,验证了全井段钻柱系统三向耦合振动力学模型的可行性与结果的可靠性;量化研究了全井钻柱的静力学特性与动力学特性,并与同工况参数下泥浆钻井钻柱的静力学特性和振动规律进行了对比。研究发现,气体钻井各钻具轴向力和轴向应力均高于泥浆钻井,且纵振、横振、扭振及涡动的幅频均强于泥浆钻井;工作过程中,气体钻井钻柱承受更大幅值的交变应力,这是导致钻具频繁失效的根源之一。     

环空大挠度钻柱力学分析的动坐标迭代法及其简化应用

应用动坐标迭代法分析环空钻柱的边界待定问题与几何非线性受力变形问题。将摩擦引入平衡计算中，导出了三维分析模型。计算说明该方法和模型简便可靠，实际应用可以简化计算。     

环空大挠度钻柱力学分析的动坐标迭代法及其简化应用

应用动坐标迭代法分析环空钻柱的边界待定问题与几何非线性受力变形问题。将摩擦引入平衡计算中，导出了三维分析模型。计算说明该方法和模型简便可靠，实际应用可以简化计算。     

Method of equilibrium differential equation for analysis of strength of large deflection drill string

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｒｉｌｌｓｔｒｉｎｇｉｓｍｏｒｅｅａｓｉｌｙｄａｍａｇｅｄｓｏｔｈａｔａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔｉｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｃｃｕｒｓｍｏｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｉｎｌａｔｅｒａｌｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌｗｅｌｌｔｈａｎｉｎｇｅｎｅｒａｌｗｅｌｌｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆｄｒｉｌｌｓｔｒｉｎｇｉｓｓｍａｌｌａｎｄｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙｄｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｌｏａｄｓｏｎｄｒｉｌｌｓｔｒｉｎｇａｒｉｓｅｓｂｙｔｈｅｗｅｌｌｂｏｒｅｏｆｖｅｒｙｌａｒｇｅｃｕｒｖａｔｕ…     

复合材料结构力学分析CAE软件现状

复合材料结构分析软件是用以分析、设计复合材料结构的重要工具,常用的复合材料结构分析软件包括基于CAD软件发展而来的复合材料分析工具、通用有限元软件自带复合材料分析工具和以Digimat等为代表的专业化复合材料结构分析软件。本文对常用的复合材料分析软件进行了综述,介绍其主要功能,从学术、应用等多方面探讨相关产品的优点及不足;论述了专业化复合材料结构分析软件的特点及功能;分析了复合材料结构分析软件的现状和发展趋势;探讨了复合材料结构力学分析CAE软件在国产化方面所需进一步解决的问题。     

隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动影响的计算与分析

海洋油气资源钻探中隔水管的弯曲对钻柱振动以及钻进特性有特别的影响。为得到隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动的影响规律,对南海已钻深水井使用非线性有限元软件建立全井钻井数值计算模型,研究获得了不同垂深时隔水管弯曲对钻柱振动特性的影响规律。研究表明:隔水管弯曲会加剧钻柱的振动,钻柱振动加剧会导致钻井能耗上升、钻头切削能力下降并且会加快钻柱疲劳;当隔水管的弯曲达到某临界值,钻柱与隔水管间的接触力会陡增;井口的钩载越大,隔水管弯曲带来的井口钩载波动量越大;井越深,隔水管弯曲对全井钻柱最大弯矩和钻头切削能力的影响越小。     

有限差分法模拟单位冲激函数声波在钻柱中传播

为实现声波为载波,钻柱为信道传输井下信息的目的,了解声波在钻柱中的传输规律是必要的. 将钻柱简化为理想周期性管结构,利用有限差分方法,对单位冲激函数声信号在钻柱中传播进行了模拟,分析接收信号时域及频域分布得出：响应信号持续时间较长,信号随时间增长衰减,且最大幅值较输入信号小;钻柱结构的信道为梳状滤波器结构;通带存在谐振尖峰,尖峰数量与钻杆及接头数量有关. 模拟结果与同类研究成果有较好的一致性.     

Critical states of drill strings in the channels of inclined boreholes

The problem of determining the critical states and the postbuckling deformation of drill strings in the cavities of curvilinear boreholes is posed. The process of elastic bending of the drill string is associated with the motion of its axial line along the corresponding channel surface. On the basis of the theory of flexible curvilinear rods, a specially chosen moving system of axes is used to construct nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing the contact interaction between the drill string tube and the borehole wall. Themoving reference system allows us to separate the desired variables and decrease the order of the resolving equations. As an example, we solve the problem of stability of drill strings lying at the bottom of a cylindrical cavity in a rectilinear inclined borehole. The critical values of the axial forces are determined and the buckling modes are constructed. It is also shown that they have the form of edge effects typical of singularly perturbed equations. The developedmethods can be used in design of a curvilinear borehole and its possible driving conditions to determine the admissible values of the axial force and the torque at the point of the drill string suspension so as to prevent its bifurcation buckling.     

Dynamics of rotating conveying mud drill string subjected to torque and longitudinal thrust

In the view of fluid-structure interactions and rotor dynamics, this paper models the lateral vibration of a vertical downward rotating elastic drill string conveying mud subjected to supporting stabilizers, bit torque and longitudinal thrust. The dynamic model involves the rotational inertia of the drill string tube cross section, the gyroscopic effect caused by rotation, the damping due to friction with the surrounding fluid, the gravity force and mud buoyancy. Damped natural frequency, stability and resonance of the drill string system are determined by quadratic eigenvalue problem and investigated at influences of the stabilizer, rotational angular speed, mud flowing velocity, bit torque and thrust. As a result, the drill string can lose stability both at simultaneous and separate influences of the mud conveying, bit torque and thrust, whereas the rotation, stabilizer and gravity of the drill string can improve system stability; the rotational angular speed causing system resonance decreases with the increase of the mud flowing velocity, bit torque and thrust.     

钻柱卡点预测实验

卡点预测是处理卡钻事故的关键。利用管柱扭转变形的特性,设计了无钻杆接头的单一管柱和有钻杆接头的组合管柱,并分别建立了卡点预测计算公式。利用管柱力学实验平台、四分量传感器、数据无线传输系统、HP数据采集系统和相关数据处理软件,对两种管柱进行了扭转实验。本次实验结果为:对于单一管柱,相对误差为-1.88%;对于组合管柱,当不考虑钻柱接头的影响时,相对误差为-3.8%,考虑钻柱接头的影响时,相对误差为-1.02%。实验结果表明:扭转法可用于直井中钻柱卡点预测,钻杆接头和钻柱加厚部分对卡点计算的影响较大,用带有修正系数的计算公式预测精度较高。     

钻柱振动信息测量技术研究进展

随着深井、超深井数量的快速增加, 钻柱振动导致的钻具失效问题更加突出. 针对钻柱振动的研究可分为理论与数值模拟、测量分析两种方法. 由于钻柱振动具有复杂的非线性特征, 使得理论与数值模拟研究受到了很大限制, 因此井下振动测量技术的研究显得尤为重要. 本文比较全面和系统地介绍了国内外钻柱振动测量技术研究现状和进展情况, 并对几个应用较为成熟的国外测量系统的工作原理、分析方法及应用技术进行了详细的综述. 所得结论可为我国井下振动测量技术的发展提供重要参考.     

Controlling torsional vibrations of drill strings via decomposition of traveling waves

Torsional vibrations in drill strings, especially stick-slip vibrations, are detrimental to the drilling process as they slow down the rate of penetration and may lead to failure of the drilling equipment. We present a method for controlling these vibrations by exactly decomposing the drill string dynamics into two traveling waves traveling in the direction of the top drive and in the direction of the drill bit. The decomposition is derived from the wave equation governing the string vibrations and is achieved with only two sensors that can be placed directly at the top drive and at a short distance below the top drive (e.g., 5 m). Therefore, downhole measurements along the string and at the bit are not necessary, which is a major advantage compared to other control concepts for drill string dynamics. The velocity of the top drive is then controlled in order to absorb the wave traveling in the direction of the top drive, thus achieving a reflection coefficient of zero for the frequency range of the undesired torsional vibrations. The proposed algorithm is implemented for both a numerical example and an experimental setup; results show that the control concept works very effectively.     

Quantized attractors in wave models of torsion vibrations of deep-hole drill strings

We pose the problem of self-excitation of elastic wave torsional vibrations of a rotating drill string, which arise as a result of frictional interaction of the drill bit with the rock at the bottom of the deep hole. We use d’Alembert’s solution of the wave equation to construct a mathematical model of the wave torsion pendulum in the form of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation with retarded argument. We show that there exists a range of variation in the angular velocity of the drill string rotation, where, along with the unstable stationary solution characterized by the absence of vibrations, there are oscillatory solutions in the form of a stable limit cycle (attractor). The self-excitation of these vibrations is soft, and the self-oscillations themselves belong to the class of relaxation vibrations, because their period can be divided into several separated intervals corresponding to slow and fast variations in the state of the system. The velocities of the drill bit elastic motions on each of these time intervals remain constant, and the durations of all of them are the same and equal to the time interval (quantum) of the twist mode propagation from the drill bit to the drill string top and conversely.