光谱分析中干扰物对空白、检出限影响的研究

本文以大量实验数据为依据，用理论和实验结合的方式，归纳、论证了干扰物对空白、检出限的影响。     

浊度计快速测定苯乙烯单体中聚合物的研究

建立了用浊度计快速测定苯乙烯单体中聚合物的方法，样品用甲醇溶解后，以样品／正己烷溶液为空白，通过测定其浊度，确定聚合物的含量。消除了GB／T 12688．3-1990用光度法测定聚合物过程中空白基体的影响。在0-50mg／kg范围内线性关系良好，相关系数r=0．9991，检出限达到0．01mg／kg，方法简便、快速，完全能达到实际检测要求。     

水样中氨氮测定时试剂空白值偏高的原因分析

用纳氏试剂测定水体中氨氮时常常出现试剂空白偏高的现象,本文对氨氮分析过程进行检查,发现氨氮空白偏高的主要原因是分析的精密度不够高和校准曲线的应用存在误区所致。     

用多波长K系数校正光谱试剂空白

试剂空白校正是光谱分析中亟待解决的问题之一，提出采用一种新的以零吸收波长试剂的空白吸光度为分母的光谱多波长Ｋ系数校正空白影响的新方法，首先通过模拟实验数据并应用模拟纯光谱与校正光谱间的误差确定选择零波长，继而运用各波长Ｋ系数从实验混合光谱中通过△Ａ＝Ａ－Ｋ．Ａ校正试剂空白得到真实光谱，最后以Ｚｎ－ＰＡＲ，Ｃｕ－ＴＡＰＰ及Ｈｇ－Ｈ２Ｄｚ３个典型体系空白校正为例说明本法的初步应用。     

光电直读光谱分析中的空白校正法及应用

运用空白校正校正在光电直读光谱分析中因试样类型，组织结构，成分含量，仪器波动和基体效应等因素造成的系统误差，本文对空白校正的方法原理，操作要点，实现过程及应用也作了介绍。     

异构网络动态配置空白子帧干扰协调算法

为了解决LTE-A系统下两层异构网络中的小区间干扰协调问题,提出了在增强小区中调度几乎空白子帧的干扰方案。为了降低干扰和进一步提高信道利用率,设计了一种动态分配几乎空白子帧的算法。该算法基于小区增强覆盖技术,指出由增强小区用户与总用户的比例来动态的调整几乎空白子帧比例。仿真结果对比了固定比例的几乎空白子帧和动态设定几乎空白子帧的算法,表明动态配置几乎空白子帧的算法,提高了系统容量,改善了信道利用率。     

一个计算百分含量的公式

本文提出一个计算被测元素百分含量的公式。它确切、直观地反映了被测元素的浓度在标准系列浓度范围,超过甚至大大超过高、低标浓度时试液与空白的关系。我们引入关系常数n使三种关系在公式中直观地体现出来。     

碱性过硫酸钾法测定水质总氮的影响因素

碱性过硫酸钾氧化法测定总氮时经常出现空白值异常高的现象,本文通过实验研究发现:实验室环境、过硫酸钾的纯度、碱性过硫酸钾溶液存放时间、消解时间、消解温度等因素对测定均有影响.本文对这些因素进行了实验分析并提出了改进意见,对鄱阳湖水样进行了加标回收实验,结果令人满意.     

X射线荧光光谱分析方法的检出限测量方法研究

X荧光光谱仪器发展迅速,应用领域广泛,由于其能够快速、准确分析样品,不需要繁琐的前处理和耗材,已能替代部分传统AAS, ICP和ICP-MS等分析仪器。如何准确地评价其应用性能,以更便捷地使用,常用检出限作为评价方法的重要指标。检出限计算方法和形式较多,一般等于空白样品的3倍标准偏差,在实际样品分析时,小于检出限的含量,不可检出;大于检出限、小于定量限的含量,可定性分析;大于定量限的含量,可准确分析。XRF计算方法和分析领域中常用的检出限计算方法不同,传统分析方法测量值符合正态分布,是连续分布;XRF测量值属于泊松分布,是离散分布,只有在计数足够大的时候才能接近正态分布。在实际分析中,往往不会耗时去积累足够大的计数。介绍了7种检出限的计算方法：X荧光泊松分布法、 K倍标准偏差法、线性校准法、 RSD法、 SD直线外推法、环境监测分析法、海洋监测规范法。以X荧光重金属检测仪的检测数据为例,测试6个大米粉参考样品中Pb, As和Cd元素含量,详细对比了各方法的计算过程和考虑因素。由于实际样品中很难找到绝对不含被测元素的空白,以近似空白样品替代。泊松分布方法测试次数最少,测2次即可快速准确计...     

测定总氮时影响空白吸光值的因素

针对GB 11894-89测定污水中总氮空白值偏高的情况,分析了碱性过硫酸钾本身以及纯度的影响、消解量、消解温度和时间、去离子水纯度、玻璃器皿的洁净度、碱性过硫酸钾存储时间、环境因素等影响因素,找出了实验出现问题的原因,并进行了校正.     

Microcombustion of ng Amounts of Carbon in Non-Volatile Materials for isotope Ratio Evaluation

Abstract

A novel microcombustion technique for carbon isotopic analysis of nanogram amounts of carbon in non-volatile materials based on isotope ratio monitoring (irm) mass spectrometry is described. Liquid or solid samples placed in a quartz sleeve are combusted at 1000°C in a continuous stream of helium and oxygen. CO₂ removed from the carrier gas stream by cryogenic trapping is transferred onto a GC column. Following GC separation, the CO₂ is transferred via an open split to the ion source of a gas isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Reproducibility for samples >25 nmol carbon is <1‰. Problems associated with blanks from various sources and with reproducible deposition of small sample amounts led to variable accuracy, which was dependent on the compound class being analysed. Minimum sample size was in the range from 5 to 10 nmol carbon. Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of groundwater from Germany yielded consistent values of δ¹³C = -28.8‰.     

The Features of Hydroabrasive Cutting of Honeycomb Panels of Space Vehicles

We substantiate the recommendations for improving the efficiency of hydro- and hydroabrasive cutting of the honeycomb structures that are widely used in aircraft and rockets, obtained by numerical solving of the spatial dynamic problem with allowance for the physico-mechanical and kinematic parameters of a high-speed jet, the physico-mechanical and structural parameters of the treated honeycomb structure, and the parameters of the technological treatment (feeding and the impact angle of the jet with the face surface of the blanks). A physico-mathematical model and a method of numerical analysis of the process have been developed. The influence of the above parameters on the quality of the surfaces of the treated blanks is illustrated. The results of the calculations are compared with the experimental data.     

Measurement of weak transmittances by stochastic resonance

We use stochastic resonance to measure weak transmittance amplitudes that are below the instrumental detection limit. Gaussian noise is added to the subthreshold (chopped) transmittance signal T(t) before detection by a crossing detector that uses a dc reference signal B>0. Without noise, no measurement is possible because T(t)相似文献   

Photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection with cryogenic and room-temperature continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers

The main characteristics that a sensor must possess for trace gas detection and pollution monitoring are high sensitivity, high selectivity and the capability to perform in situ measurements. The photacoustic Helmholtz sensor developed in Reims, used in conjunction with powerful Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs), fulfils all these requirements. The best cell response is # 1200 V W⁻¹ cm and the corresponding ultimate sensitivity is j 3.3 × 10⁻¹⁰ W cm⁻¹¹ Hz^−11/2. This efficient sensor is used with mid-infrared QCLs from Alpes Lasers to reach the strong fundamental absorption bands of some atmospheric gases. A first cryogenic QCL emitting at 7.9 μm demonstrates the detection of methane in air with a detection limit of 3 ppb. A detection limit of 20 ppb of NO in air is demonstrated using another cryogenic QCL emitting in the 5.4 μm region. Real in-situ measurements can be achieved only with room-temperature QCLs. A room-temperature QCL emitting in the 7.9 μm region demonstrates the simultaneous detection of methane and nitrous oxide in air (17 and 7 ppb detection limit, respectively). All these reliable measurements allow the estimated detection limit for various atmospheric gases using quantum cascade lasers to be obtained. Each gas absorbing in the infrared may be detected at a detection limit in the ppb or low-ppb range.     

Detection Limit of Glucose Concentration with Near-InfraredAbsorption and Scattering Spectroscopy

Theoretical analyses and Monte Carlo simulation are performed to investigate the detection limit of glucose concentration with near-infrared spectroscopy. The relation between detection limitation of glucose concentration and source-detector separation is derived. Monte Carlo simulation performed with a skin-layered model shows that the ratio of effective photons from the target layer could excess 50% by selecting proper source-detector separation, and that the detection limit of glucose concentration approaches to 0.28mM, which satisfies the requirement of food and drug administration for noninvasive glucose sensing.     

干涉型光纤水听器数字化外差检测方法动态范围上限研究

阐述了干涉型光纤水听器外差检测的基本原理,对干涉型光纤水听器数字化外差检测方法动态范围上限进行了研究.理论分析了由外差频率决定的动态范围上限以及反正切、微分-交叉相乘(DCM)两种正交解调算法决定的动态范围上限,并进行了综合对比.分析结果表明,不同的外差频率所能达到的动态范围上限不同;相同的外差频率结合不同的正交解调算...     

UEW-99智能型简谐振动合成实验仪在实验中的应用

UEW-99智能型简谐振动合成实验仪能同时发生出两个频率、幅值和相位可调的简谐振动．在国内高校实验仪器中率先实现了千赫兹级简谐振动的相位调整。该实验仪填补了大学物理实验中有关简谐振动合成的空白，成功地解决了简谐振动实验中的定量和定性研究。