On the maximum of r-Stirling numbers

Determining the location of the maximum of Stirling numbers is a well-developed area. In this paper we give the same results for the so-called r-Stirling numbers which are natural generalizations of Stirling numbers.     

The Legendre–Stirling numbers

The Legendre–Stirling numbers are the coefficients in the integral Lagrangian symmetric powers of the classical Legendre second-order differential expression. In many ways, these numbers mimic the classical Stirling numbers of the second kind which play a similar role in the integral powers of the classical second-order Laguerre differential expression. In a recent paper, Andrews and Littlejohn gave a combinatorial interpretation of the Legendre–Stirling numbers. In this paper, we establish several properties of the Legendre–Stirling numbers; as with the Stirling numbers of the second kind, they have interesting generating functions and recurrence relations. Moreover, there are some surprising and intriguing results relating these numbers to some classical results in algebraic number theory.     

New convolutions for complete and elementary symmetric functions

In this paper, we give new relationships between complete and elementary symmetric functions. These results can be used to discover and prove some identities involving r-Whitney numbers, Jacobi–Stirling numbers, Bernoulli numbers and other numbers that are specializations of complete and elementary symmetric functions.     

Fuzzy n-cell numbers and the differential of fuzzy n-cell number value mappings

In this paper, we give the definition of a special kind of n-dimension fuzzy numbers, fuzzy n-cell numbers, discuss their operations and representation theorems, define a complete metric on the fuzzy n-cell number space and prove that the metric is equivalent to the supremum metric derived by the Hausdorff metric between the level sets of the n-dimension fuzzy numbers, and obtain an embedding theorem of the fuzzy n-cell number space (isometrically embeds it into a concrete Banach space). We also consider the differential of the fuzzy mappings from an interval into the fuzzy n-cell number space by using the embedding theorem.     

Applications of an Explicit Formula for the Generalized Euler Numbers

The authors establish an explicit formula for the generalized Euler NumbersE2n^（x）, and obtain some identities and congruences involving the higher＇order Euler numbers, Stirling numbers, the central factorial numbers and the values of the Riemann zeta-function.     

Peters type polynomials and numbers and their generating functions: Approach with p‐adic integral method

The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate some of the primary generalizations and unifications of the Peters polynomials and numbers by means of convenient generating functions and p‐adic integrals method. Various fundamental properties of these polynomials and numbers involving some explicit series and integral representations in terms of the generalized Stirling numbers, generalized harmonic sums, and some well‐known special numbers and polynomials are presented. By using p‐adic integrals, we construct generating functions for Peters type polynomials and numbers (Apostol‐type Peters numbers and polynomials). By using these functions with their partial derivative eqautions and functional equations, we derive many properties, relations, explicit formulas, and identities including the Apostol‐Bernoulli polynomials, the Apostol‐Euler polynomials, the Boole polynomials, the Bernoulli polynomials, and numbers of the second kind, generalized harmonic sums. A brief revealing and historical information for the Peters type polynomials are given. Some of the formulas given in this article are given critiques and comments between previously well‐known formulas. Finally, two open problems for interpolation functions for Apostol‐type Peters numbers and polynomials are revealed.     

q‐Bernstein polynomials related to q‐Frobenius–Euler polynomials,l‐functions,and q‐Stirling numbers

The aim of this paper was to derive new identities and relations associated with the q‐Bernstein polynomials, q‐Frobenius–Euler polynomials, l‐functions, and q‐Stirling numbers of the second kind. We also give some applications related to theses polynomials and numbers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sums of products of Cauchy numbers

In this paper, we consider a kind of sums involving Cauchy numbers, which have not been studied in the literature. By means of the method of coefficients, we give some properties of the sums. We further derive some recurrence relations and establish a series of identities involving the sums, Stirling numbers, generalized Bernoulli numbers, generalized Euler numbers, Lah numbers, and harmonic numbers. In particular, we generalize some relations between two kinds of Cauchy numbers and some identities for Cauchy numbers and Stirling numbers.     

Rook-by-rook rook theory: Bijective proofs of rook and hit equivalences

Suppose μ and ν are integer partitions of n, and N>n. It is well known that the Ferrers boards associated to μ and ν are rook-equivalent iff the multisets [μ_i+i:1iN] and [ν_i+i:1iN] are equal. We use the Garsia–Milne involution principle to produce a bijective proof of this theorem in which non-attacking rook placements for μ are explicitly matched with corresponding placements for ν. One byproduct is a direct combinatorial proof that the matrix of Stirling numbers of the first kind is the inverse of the matrix of Stirling numbers of the second kind. We also prove q-analogues and p,q-analogues of these results. We also use the Garsia–Milne involution principle to show that for any two rook boards B and B^′, if B and B^′ are bijectively rook-equivalent, then B and B^′ are bijectively hit-equivalent.     

Euler-Seidel method for certain combinatorial numbers and a new characterization of Fibonacci sequence

In this paper we use the Euler-Seidel method for deriving new identities for hyperharmonic and r-Stirling numbers. The exponential generating function is determined for hyperharmonic numbers, which result is a generalization of Gosper’s identity. A classification of second order recurrence sequences is also given with the help of this method.      

两类Stirling数的行列式表示

通过计算两个广义的范德蒙(Vandermonde)行列式,得到了第一类无符号Stirling数和第二类Stirling数的一种新的表示方法:用行列式来表示.     

On Poly(ana)logs I

We investigate a connection between the differential of polylogarithms (as considered by Cathelineau) and a finite variant of them. This allows to answer a question raised by Kontsevich concerning the construction of functional equations for the finite analogs, using in part the p-adic version of polylogarithms and recent work of Besser. Kontsevich's original unpublished note is supplied (with his kind permission) in an Appendix at the end of the paper.     

Riordan arrays and r-Stirling number identities

By using the theory of Riordan arrays, we establish four pairs of general r-Stirling number identities, which reduce to various identities on harmonic numbers, hyperharmonic numbers, the Stirling numbers of the first and second kind, the r-Stirling numbers of the first and second kind, and the r-Lah numbers. We further discuss briefly the connections between the r-Stirling numbers and the Cauchy numbers, the generalized hyperharmonic numbers, and the poly-Bernoulli polynomials. Many known identities are shown to be special cases of our results, and the combinatorial interpretations of several particular identities are also presented as supplements.     

关于广义Stirling数偶的同余性

本文证明了广义Ｓｔｉｒｌｉｎｇ数偶的一些同余性质，从而回答了文［５］中的一个猜测．这些结果做为特例推广了已知的关于两类Ｓｔｉｒｌｉｎｇ数的同余性质．     

‐differential equations for ‐classical polynomials and ‐Jacobi–Stirling numbers

We introduce, characterise and provide a combinatorial interpretation for the so‐called q‐Jacobi–Stirling numbers. This study is motivated by their key role in the (reciprocal) expansion of any power of a second order q‐differential operator having the q‐classical polynomials as eigenfunctions in terms of other even order operators, which we explicitly construct in this work. The results here obtained can be viewed as the q‐version of those given by Everitt et al. and by the first author, whilst the combinatorics of this new set of numbers is a q‐version of the Jacobi–Stirling numbers given by Gelineau and the second author.     

On a conjecture of Wilf

Let n and k be natural numbers and let S(n,k) denote the Stirling numbers of the second kind. It is a conjecture of Wilf that the alternating sum

     

Product of Uniform Distribution and Stirling Numbers of the First Kind

Let Vk=u1u2……uk, ui＇s be i.i.d - U（0, 1）, the p.d.f of 1 - Vk＋l be the GF of the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind s（n, k）. This paper discusses the applications of uniform distribution to combinatorial analysis and Riemann zeta function; several identities of Stifling series are established, and the Euler＇s result for ∑ Hn/n^k-l, k ≥ 3 is given a new probabilistic proof.     

Codimension Growth of Strong Lie Nilpotent Associative Algebras

We study Lie nilpotent varieties of associative algebras. We explicitly compute the codimension growth for the variety of strong Lie nilpotent associative algebras. The codimension growth is polynomial and found in terms of Stirling numbers of the first kind. To achieve the result we take the free Lie algebra of countable rank L(X), consider its filtration by the lower central series and shift it. Next we apply generating functions of special type to the induced filtration of the universal enveloping algebra U(L(X)) = A(X).     

On the analytic extension of Stirling numbers of the first kind

We present an analytic extension of the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind that is in a certain sense unique in its coincidence with the Stirling polynomials. We examine and compare our extension to previous extensions of (signed) Stirling numbers of the first kind given by Butzer et al. (2007, J. Difference Equ. Appl., 13) and of the unsigned numbers given by Adamchik (1997, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 79). We also see a connection to the Riemann zeta function.