Twisted-mode single-frequency Er–Yb waveguide laser at 1.5 μm

Robust single-frequency operation of an erbium–ytterbium glass waveguide laser based on the twisted-mode technique is demonstrated. A single-mode output power of 0.7 mW with relative-intensity-noise peak value of –90 dB/Hz has been obtained.     

Magnetic-Type Waves in a Tapered Waveguide of Subwavelength Cross Section

The characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a narrowing waveguide are investigated. A method for field analysis is developed based on the application of transverse modes parametrically dependent on the longitudinal coordinate. For a circular cross section waveguide, a system of equations for the wave amplitudes is obtained, the waves being coupled owing to a variable tilt of the walls. It is shown that in the adiabatic approximation, there exist independent eigenwaves whose structure reflects the field energy density variation due to the waveguide radius variation. A detailed analytical and numerical investigation of these fields has been carried out for a waveguide with a special profile of hypergeometric type. The applicability of the adiabatic approximation is studied and conversion of the fundamental mode into higher-order modes is assessed. The amplitudes of the higher-order modes are obtained using the Green function for ordinary differential equations. The region of the waveguide parameters is found where the higher-order mode amplitudes are not great and the adiabatic approximation is highly accurate. The dependence of the transmittance of a semi-infinite waveguide on the input radiation characteristics is obtained. It is established that the field amplitudes at the waveguide output strongly depend on the wavelength of the input radiation, on its transverse structure, and the waveguide profile steepness. The greatest output fields take place in the case of an abrupt dependence of the waveguide radius on the longitudinal coordinate.     

Frequency tuned carbon monoxide waveguide laser with rf pumping

The results of the investigation of a rf-discharge-excited sealed-off CO waveguide laser with a selective resonator are reported. The operation on more than 40 vibration-rotation transitions of a CO molecule has been obtained in a laser having a square section (Al/BeO) waveguide with dimensions of 1.5×1.5×180 mm. Maximum frequency tuning of 550 MHz with output power of 0.5 W at line centre has been observed on theP _10–9(17) transition at –20°C ground electrode temperature at a pressure of 180 Torr.     

Observation of intense stokes and anti-stokes lines in CH4 pumped by 355 nm of a Nd:YAG laser

The stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and four-wave mixing (FWM) processes have been studied in detail in CH₄ gas pumped by the third-harmonic of Nd:YAG laser at =355 nm. The conversion efficiency and average output energy have been measured for the various Stokes and anti-Stokes lines at different experimental conditions. The threshold input energy at various CH₄ pressures has been calculated for the unguided and capillary waveguide Raman cells. The calculated values for the capillary case have been compared with the measured values at different CH₄ pressures and the two results are in good agreement.     

Mode competition in acousto-optically Q-switched planar waveguide lasers

Multi-mode rate equations have been developed to investigate mode competition in high-power acousto-optically Q-switched planar waveguide lasers. The mode competition arises from coupling effects and temporal losses in the transform between guided modes and free-space propagation. Pulse-to-pulse instability and temporal beam distortions are enlarged by mode competition when the laser works in the multi-mode regime. The influence of parasitic oscillation is also discussed. A Nd:YAG planar waveguide laser has been established with a folded hybrid/unstable resonator. A maximum average power of 83 W with a beam propagation factor is obtained. The theoretical simulation agrees well with the experimental observation.     

The wavefront curvature of an optically pumped waveguide laser

Summary A procedure for computing the shape of the wavefronts in waveguide lasers with inhomogeneous gain has been found. Its application to an optically pumped FIR laser shows that the inhomogeneous pump beam intensity will lead to sizeable effects in the output beam geometry.The same treatment is possible for other types of waveguide lasers, too. It is probable that in most cases the first order approximation is satisfactory. If waveguide losses have to be included, this can easily be accounted for by replacing G in equation (4) by (G-).     

Study of RF Excited CO 2 Waveguide Laser Array

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Study of RF Excited CO2 Waveguide Laser Array

RF excited CO2 waveguide laser arrays with three different structures (one-dimension and two-dimension) are reported in this paper. The output character of far-field and near-field of those lasers have studies and the phase locking between the waveguide elements has discussed. The cavity length of waveguide laser array is 380 mm and the resonator is formed by placing a plane germanium coated gold mirror and a plane ZnSe output coupler. The laser is operated with filling static gas of He∶N2∶CO2∶Xe=3∶1∶1∶0.1 mixture at 1.06×104 Pa total pressure. High output power density is achieved and the output power is 30-w with an efficiency η=10%. The output power is limited by the maximum power of RF transmitter.     

Waveguide laser modelling of Erbium/Ytterbium activated monoclinic double tungstates

Using the overlapping integral method, a rib waveguide laser of monoclinic potassium double tungstate, KRE $(\text{ WO}_{4})_{2}$ , co-doped with Erbium and Ytterbium has been modelled. The laser operation at 1.5 $\upmu $ m is based on an efficient pump scheme via the energy transfer from Yb $^{3+}$ to Er $^{3+}$ ions. The numerical simulation requires spectroscopic parameters of the ions involved and the waveguide geometry and index profiles. This model allows determining the laser power as a function of controllable parameters such as ions doping level, pump power, cavity length or reflectance of the input/output mirrors. It has been found that, for the standard doping level used in this matrix, the optimum cavity length is only few millimeters. Overall, using simulation tools is possible to optimize fabrication parameters, and thus saving effort in the development of experimental prototypes.     

Metal-clad ridge waveguide structure InGaP/InGaAIP visible laser diodes

InGaP/InGaAIP visible-light laser diodes with a metal-clad ridge waveguide structure have been fabricated. Compressively strained SCH-MQW structures were grown by low-pressure MOCVD and the lasing wavelength was 690 nm. The threshold current was 28 mA at 25°C for a 400 m cavity and 5 m stripe width. CW operation was obtained as the cleaved device by employing thick gold layer as a heat spreader. The light-output power versus CW current was linear up to a maximum light output power of 38 mW. Stable operation of the fundamental transverse optical mode was maintained up to 30 mW. These results show that this metal-clad ridge waveguide structure provides sufficient current confinement even under high light output power operation.     

Studies on widely tunable ultra-short laser pulses using energy transfer distributed feedback dye laser

This paper presents both theoretical and experimental study of the characteristics of Nd: YAG laser pumped energy transfer distributed feedback dye laser (ETDFDL). Using theoretical model proposed, the behavior of ETDFDL such as the characteristics of donor DFDL, the acceptor DFDL, the dependence of their pulse width and output power on donor-acceptor concentrations and pump power are studied for dye mixture Rhodamine 6G and Cresyl Violet in detail. Experimentally using prism-dye cell configuration, the ETDFDL output is obtained and the output energy of DFDL is measured at the emission peaks of donor and acceptor dyes for different pump powers and donor-acceptor concentrations. In addition, the DFDL linewidth measurement has been carried out at the lasing wavelengths of the donor and acceptor dyes using Fabry-Perot etalon and the tunability of DFDL is measured to be in the wavelength range of 545-.     

Experimental analysis of a continuously pumped,repetitively Q-switched Nd/YAG laser

The threshold operation and performance of a high pulse repetition frequency Nd/YAG laser are discussed. A rotating mirror Q-switch was used, and detailed studies of the variation of Q-switched threshold with motor frequency, and of the pulse build-up time with input power have been carried out. The results indicate that the switching angle varies with mirror reflectivity but is practically independent of resonator length. The latter is attributed to thermal lens action in the laser rod modifying the nominally plane parallel resonator configuration thereby leading to a spherical configuration. Under these conditions, the switching angle becomes independent of resonator length, but depends strongly on the induced focal length of the lens (laser rod). The degrading effect on the Q-switched laser performance of the mis-match at the laser rod surfaces is then discussed and finally the conditions for achieving maximum energy output in a single pulse are derived and experimentally verified.     

Diode-pumped cw and Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 laser operating at 1.34 μm

A diode-pumped 1.34 m Nd:GdVO₄ laser operating in cw and active Q-switching modes has been demonstrated. 4.15 W of cw output power was obtained at the highest attainable pump power of 12.3 W, resulting in an optical conversion efficiency of 33.7%, the slope efficiency was determined to be 37.6%. In Q-switching operation, a maximum average output power of 2.7 W was generated at pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 50 kHz, with an optical conversion efficiency of 22% and a slope efficiency of 29.2%. The laser pulses with shortest duration, highest energy and peak power were achieved at PRF of 10 kHz, the parameters being 15 ns, 160 J, and 10.7 kW, respectively. By intracavity frequency-doubling with a type II phased-matched KTP crystal, 0.62 W average power at 0.67 m was produced at a PRF of 15 kHz, the resulting pulse energy, peak power, and pulse width being 41.3 J, 2.2 kW, and 19 ns, respectively. A group of analytical formulae, based on rate equations, are presented to evaluate the operational parameters of an actively Q-switched laser. Calculated results were found to be in close consistency with the experimental data.     

射频激励层叠式波导CO2激光器

提出一种射频激励层叠式波导ＣＯ２激光器技术，在两个波导空间尺寸均为１×１４．５×２００ｍｍ３、射频电源频率为９９ＭＨｚ的条件下，获得最大输出功率为７５Ｗ、最大电光转换效率为１０．８％的实验结果，并在远场得到单峰分布的一维压窄光斑     

Q-switched Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide laser

Q-switched operation of a Ti:Er:LiNbO3 waveguide laser has been achieved with up to 2.4 W pulse peak power (0.18J) at 2kHz repetition frequency with an intracavity Mach–Zehnder-type amplitude modulator. A theoretical model has been developed to describe the laser operation. Good agreement between numerical and experimental results has been achieved. Significant potential for improvement is predicted.     

Gas-discharge XeF* (B→X) laser with high specific output energy

The discharge characteristics of the XeF* (BX) laser are investigated. The NF₃ and Xe partial pressure of the laser gas mixture and the total gas pressure have been varied. A highest specific output energy of 4.7 J/l with an efficiency of 0.5% was obtained from a X-ray preionized Ne/Xe/NF₃ gas mixture at 6 bar with single-pulse excitation through a multichannel spark gap.     

Similarity in growth of output power of cw far infrared lasers

By means of intracavity Stark-pulse technique, growth of output power of an optically pumped cw CH₃OH 119-m laser has been observed for various pressures of the active medium and for various input optical powers. Comparison of the results obtained in this work with those of a previous report on a HCOOH laser suggests that there is similarity relation in growth of output power. The similarity relation in a two-level laser is discussed.     

射频激励扩散型冷却层叠式板条波导千瓦CO2激光器

提出了一种射频激励扩散型冷却层叠式板条波导ＣＯ２激光器结构，利用这种结构，从电极长度为５００ｍｍ的激光器件中警告了１０２０Ｗ输出，其光电效率为１０％。     

双通道电光调Q射频激励波导CO2激光器研究

报道了双通道可调谐电光调Q射频激励波导CO2激光器,其中一通道是光栅选支电调Q的脉冲激光输出,调Q脉冲重复频率1Hz-10kHz可调,,脉冲峰值功率为150W,脉冲宽度为180ns,另一通道是光栅选支连续激光输出,可用压电陶瓷调节激光频率,同时分析了激光外差频率调谐范围,实验上获得最大脉冲激光外差频率调谐范围为150MHz。