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1.
Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a Banach space E, T:K→K a continuous pseudo-contractive mapping. Suppose that {αn} is a real sequence in [0,1] satisfying appropriate conditions; then for arbitrary x0∈K, the Mann type implicit iteration process {xn} given by xn=αnxn−1+(1−αn)Txn,n≥0, strongly and weakly converges to a fixed point of T, respectively. 相似文献
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Let C be a closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H and assume that T is an asymptotically κ-strict pseudo-contraction on C with a fixed point, for some 0≤κ<1. Given an initial guess x0∈C and given also a real sequence {αn} in (0, 1), the modified Mann’s algorithm generates a sequence {xn} via the formula: xn+1=αnxn+(1−αn)Tnxn, n≥0. It is proved that if the control sequence {αn} is chosen so that κ+δ<αn<1−δ for some δ∈(0,1), then {xn} converges weakly to a fixed point of T. We also modify this iteration method by applying projections onto suitably constructed closed convex sets to get an algorithm which generates a strongly convergent sequence. 相似文献
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Let E be a reflexive Banach space with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm, let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of E, and let T:K?E be a continuous pseudocontraction which satisfies the weakly inward condition. For f:K?K any contraction map on K, and every nonempty closed convex and bounded subset of K having the fixed point property for nonexpansive self-mappings, it is shown that the path x→xt,t∈[0,1), in K, defined by xt=tTxt+(1−t)f(xt) is continuous and strongly converges to the fixed point of T, which is the unique solution of some co-variational inequality. If, in particular, T is a Lipschitz pseudocontractive self-mapping of K, it is also shown, under appropriate conditions on the sequences of real numbers {αn},{μn}, that the iteration process: z1∈K, zn+1=μn(αnTzn+(1−αn)zn)+(1−μn)f(zn),n∈N, strongly converges to the fixed point of T, which is the unique solution of the same co-variational inequality. Our results propose viscosity approximation methods for Lipschitz pseudocontractions. 相似文献
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We consider a multidimensional diffusion X with drift coefficient b(Xt,α) and diffusion coefficient εa(Xt,β) where α and β are two unknown parameters, while ε is known. For a high frequency sample of observations of the diffusion at the time points k/n, k=1,…,n, we propose a class of contrast functions and thus obtain estimators of (α,β). The estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal when n→∞ and ε→0 in such a way that ε−1n−ρ remains bounded for some ρ>0. The main focus is on the construction of explicit contrast functions, but it is noted that the theory covers quadratic martingale estimating functions as a special case. In a simulation study we consider the finite sample behaviour and the applicability to a financial model of an estimator obtained from a simple explicit contrast function. 相似文献
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We consider a multidimensional diffusion X with drift coefficient b(α,Xt) and diffusion coefficient ?σ(β,Xt). The diffusion sample path is discretely observed at times tk=kΔ for k=1…n on a fixed interval [0,T]. We study minimum contrast estimators derived from the Gaussian process approximating X for small ?. We obtain consistent and asymptotically normal estimators of α for fixed Δ and ?→0 and of (α,β) for Δ→0 and ?→0 without any condition linking ? and Δ. We compare the estimators obtained with various methods and for various magnitudes of Δ and ? based on simulation studies. Finally, we investigate the interest of using such methods in an epidemiological framework. 相似文献
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Let K be a compact convex subset of a real Hilbert space H; T:K→K a hemicontractive map. Let {αn} be a real sequence in [0,1] satisfying appropriate conditions; then for arbitrary x0∈K, the sequence {xn} defined iteratively by xn=αnxn−1+(1−αn)Txn, n≥1 converges strongly to a fixed point of T. 相似文献
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Let FFv be the set of faulty nodes in an n-dimensional folded hypercube FQn with |FFv|≤n−2. In this paper, we show that if n≥3, then every edge of FQn−FFv lies on a fault-free cycle of every even length from 4 to 2n−2|FFv|, and if n≥2 and n is even, then every edge of FQn−FFv lies on a fault-free cycle of every odd length from n+1 to 2n−2|FFv|−1. 相似文献
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In a rapidly growing population one expects that two individuals chosen at random from the nth generation are unlikely to be closely related if n is large. In this paper it is shown that for a broad class of rapidly growing populations this is not the case. For a Galton–Watson branching process with an offspring distribution {pj} such that p0=0 and ψ(x)=∑jpjI{j≥x} is asymptotic to x−αL(x) as x→∞ where L(⋅) is slowly varying at ∞ and 0<α<1 (and hence the mean m=∑jpj=∞) it is shown that if Xn is the generation number of the coalescence of the lines of descent backwards in time of two randomly chosen individuals from the nth generation then n−Xn converges in distribution to a proper distribution supported by N={1,2,3,…}. That is, in such a rapidly growing population coalescence occurs in the recent past rather than the remote past. We do show that if the offspring mean m satisfies 1<m≡∑jpj<∞ and p0=0 then coalescence time Xn does converge to a proper distribution as n→∞, i.e., coalescence does take place in the remote past. 相似文献
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Based on the classical Hermite spline interpolant H2n−1, which is the piecewise interpolation polynomial of class Cn−1 and degree 2n−1, a piecewise interpolation polynomial H2n of degree 2n is given. The formulas for computing H2n by H2n−1 and computing H2n+1 by H2n are shown. Thus a simple recursive method for the construction of the piecewise interpolation polynomial set {Hj} is presented. The piecewise interpolation polynomial H2n satisfies the same interpolation conditions as the interpolant H2n−1, and is an optimal approximation of the interpolant H2n+1. Some interesting properties are also proved. 相似文献
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Mehmet Özer Yasar Polatoglu Gürsel Hacibekiroglou Antonios Valaristos Amalia N. Miliou Antonios N. Anagnostopoulos Antanas Čenys 《Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications》2008
The dynamic behaviour of the one-dimensional family of maps f(x)=c2[(a−1)x+c1]−λ/(α−1) is examined, for representative values of the control parameters a,c1, c2 and λ. The maps under consideration are of special interest, since they are solutions of the relaxed Newton method derivative being equal to a constant a. The maps f(x) are also proved to be solutions of a non-linear differential equation with outstanding applications in the field of power electronics. The recurrent form of these maps, after excessive iterations, shows, in an xn versus λ plot, an initial exponential decay followed by a bifurcation. The value of λ at which this bifurcation takes place depends on the values of the parameters a,c1 and c2. This corresponds to a switch to an oscillatory behaviour with amplitudes of f(x) undergoing a period doubling. For values of a higher than 1 and at higher values of λ a reverse bifurcation occurs. The corresponding branches converge and a bleb is formed for values of the parameter c1 between 1 and 1.20. This behaviour is confirmed by calculating the corresponding Lyapunov exponents. 相似文献
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Jean-Stéphane Dhersin Fabian Freund Arno Siri-Jégousse Linglong Yuan 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》2013
In this paper, we consider Beta(2−α,α) (with 1<α<2) and related Λ-coalescents. If T(n) denotes the length of a randomly chosen external branch of the n-coalescent, we prove the convergence of nα−1T(n) when n tends to ∞, and give the limit. To this aim, we give asymptotics for the number σ(n) of collisions which occur in the n-coalescent until the end of the chosen external branch, and for the block counting process associated with the n-coalescent. 相似文献
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Suppose X is a real q-uniformly smooth Banach space and F,K:X→X are Lipschitz ?-strongly accretive maps with D(K)=F(X)=X. Let u∗ denote the unique solution of the Hammerstein equation u+KFu=0. An iteration process recently introduced by Chidume and Zegeye is shown to converge strongly to u∗. No invertibility assumption is imposed on K and the operators K and F need not be defined on compact subsets of X. Furthermore, our new technique of proof is of independent interest. Finally, some interesting open questions are included. 相似文献
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Let K(n,1) denote the minimal cardinality of a binary code of length n and covering radius one. Fundamental for the theory of lower bounds for K(n,1) is the covering excess method introduced by Johnson and van Wee. Let δi denote the covering excess on a sphere of radius i, 0≤i≤n. Generalizing an earlier result of van Wee, Habsieger and Honkala showed δp−1≥p−1 whenever n≡−1 (mod p) for an odd prime p and δ0=δ1=?=δp−2=0 holds. In the present paper we give the new estimation δp−1≥(p−2)p−1 instead. This answers a question of Habsieger and yields a “general improvement of the general excess bound” for binary codes with covering radius one. The proof uses a classification theorem for certain subset systems as well as new congruence properties for the δ-function, which were conjectured by Habsieger. 相似文献
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We prove that if G is a finite simple group which is the unit group of a ring, then G is isomorphic to: (a) a cyclic group of order 2; or (b) a cyclic group of prime order 2k−1 for some k; or (c) a projective special linear group PSLn(F2) for some n≥3. Moreover, these groups do all occur as unit groups. We deduce this classification from a more general result, which holds for groups G with no non-trivial normal 2-subgroup. 相似文献
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Let X be a uniformly smooth Banach space, C be a closed convex subset of X, and A an m-accretive operator with a zero. Consider the iterative method that generates the sequence {xn} by the algorithm
where αn and γn are two sequences satisfying certain conditions, Jr denotes the resolvent (I+rA)−1 for r>0, and f:C→C be a fixed contractive mapping. Then as n→∞, the sequence {xn} strongly converges to a point in F(A). The results presented extends and improves the corresponding results of Hong-Kun Xu [Strong convergence of an iterative method for nonexpansive and accretive operators, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 314 (2006) 631–643]. 相似文献
xn+1=αnf(xn)+(1−αn)Jrnxn,
20.
This paper considers the short- and long-memory linear processes with GARCH (1,1) noises. The functional limit distributions of the partial sum and the sample autocovariances are derived when the tail index α is in (0,2), equal to 2, and in (2,∞), respectively. The partial sum weakly converges to a functional of α-stable process when α<2 and converges to a functional of Brownian motion when α≥2. When the process is of short-memory and α<4, the autocovariances converge to functionals of α/2-stable processes; and if α≥4, they converge to functionals of Brownian motions. In contrast, when the process is of long-memory, depending on α and β (the parameter that characterizes the long-memory), the autocovariances converge to either (i) functionals of α/2-stable processes; (ii) Rosenblatt processes (indexed by β, 1/2<β<3/4); or (iii) functionals of Brownian motions. The rates of convergence in these limits depend on both the tail index α and whether or not the linear process is short- or long-memory. Our weak convergence is established on the space of càdlàg functions on [0,1] with either (i) the J1 or the M1 topology (Skorokhod, 1956); or (ii) the weaker form S topology (Jakubowski, 1997). Some statistical applications are also discussed. 相似文献