有机共晶光电功能材料与器件

在双组分或多组分有机共晶中,特殊的分子堆积方式和聚集态结构以及不同组分之间的协同和集合效应,使得有机共晶不仅保留了单一组分的固有属性,而且展现出更多新颖的宏观光电性质,在电导、铁电、双极性电荷传输、光响应、发光和给受体组分间电荷转移过程等方面具有重要的研究价值和应用前景,为有机单晶器件的高性能化和多功能化发展提供了新途径。因此,有机共晶的制备和性能研究逐渐成为近年来的热点。在本文中我们首先详细地介绍了有机共晶的分类情况,根据形成晶体的作用力分为电荷转移晶体、通过π-π相互作用形成的晶体和以分子间氢键、卤键相互作用为主的晶体;其次,以经典的7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷（TCNQ）、1,2,4,5-苯四甲腈（TCNB）和富勒烯（C₆₀）三种典型的受体分子为例,列举了常见的有机给受体材料;再次,介绍了8种制备有机共晶的常用方法,讨论了有机共晶中分子排布方式对性能的影响;最后,介绍了有机共晶在光电器件中的应用。我们相信有机共晶的理论和应用研究会进一步丰富和推动有机晶体材料和光电子学领域的发展。     

有机光伏材料与器件研究的新进展

近几年有机光伏电池应用研究发展迅猛。本文综述了有机光伏薄膜电池在材料(包括有机小分子材料与聚合物材料)、器件构造方面的最新进展，分析了有机聚合物光伏电池目前效率低的主要原因，并探讨了该领域进一步研究的方向和前景。     

二维半导体材料与器件——从传统二维光电材料到石墨炔

近年来,二维半导体材料由于其独特的材料结构和电子输运特性得到了科学界的广泛关注,被应用于光电器件、催化和生物传感器等领域。本文系统概述了传统二维材料以及新兴二维材料石墨炔的发现和发展历程。重点聚焦在二维材料在光探测器领域中的应用,探讨了不同二维材料体系及器件结构对光探测器性能的影响;并详细介绍了新兴二维材料——石墨炔,及其合成和应用。展望了传统二维材料及石墨炔在光电转换器件的应用中所面临的机遇和挑战。     

二维半导体材料与器件——从传统二维光电材料到石墨炔

近年来,二维半导体材料由于其独特的材料结构和电子输运特性得到了科学界的广泛关注,被应用于光电器件、催化和生物传感器等领域。本文系统概述了传统二维材料以及新兴二维材料石墨炔的发现和发展历程。重点聚焦在二维材料在光探测器领域中的应用,探讨了不同二维材料体系及器件结构对光探测器性能的影响;并详细介绍了新兴二维材料——石墨炔,及其合成和应用。展望了传统二维材料及石墨炔在光电转换器件应用中所面临的机遇和挑战。     

以碱金属盐为阴极界面层的有机光电器件的制备及性能

以碱金属盐Li F,Na F,Cs F和Cs2CO3作为阴极界面材料,制备了高效率有机小分子电致发光二极管(SMOLEDs)、聚合物电致发光二极管(PLEDs)及聚合物太阳能电池(PSCs).在SMOLEDs和PLEDs中,Cs F作为阴极界面层的器件流明效率和功率效率最高.在以聚对苯乙烯撑(P-PPV)为发光层的PLEDs中,Cs F作为阴极界面层的器件最大流明效率可达17.85 cd/A,比Li F作为阴极界面层的器件流明效率提高近300%.在以聚(3-己基噻吩)(P3HT)∶[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(PC61BM)为活性层的PSCs中,当Li F为阴极界面层时,器件功率转换效率(PCE)可达4.12%.而以Na F,Cs2CO3和Cs F为阴极界面层时,PCE分别为3.72%,3.55%和3.2%.这是因为从上述碱金属盐中分解出来的碱金属原子扩散进入器件的有机层并对有机层进行了n型掺杂,影响了器件的电流密度和效率.     

含硼有机发光二极管材料与器件

硼元素因其独特的价层电子结构——价电子数少于价轨道数,而拥有一个空的p轨道,其三配位化合物既可以和邻近的π体系产生有效共轭,又可以容易地与路易斯碱发生络合,形成四配位化合物。将硼元素引入传统的光电功能分子当中,往往能给整个体系带来独特的光电性质,这已成为新型有机光电功能分子设计的重要思路。本文围绕硼元素的三配位化合物和四配位化合物,从分子设计理念、化合物光电性质、相关器件的结构与效率等方面对含硼有机光电功能分子及其器件的研究进展进行综述,并对其未来发展做出展望。     

水/醇溶共轭聚合物界面材料及其在光电器件中的应用

相对于传统的无机半导体器件,以有机半导体(特别是聚合物半导体)材料为基础的有机光电器件,可采用与传统印刷技术(例如喷墨打印、卷对卷印刷等)相结合的溶液加工方式制备低成本、大面积、柔性光电器件,因而成为广泛关注的焦点,并得到了快速发展.实现溶液加工的高效有机光电器件的一个关键问题是界面问题——如何避免溶液加工时有机层间的互溶以及如何实现可印刷稳定金属电极的高效电子注入等.水/醇溶性共轭聚合物的迅速发展为解决溶液加工多层有机光电器件所面临的界面问题提供了有效手段.研究发现,水/醇溶共轭聚合物不但可以有效避免溶液加工多层器件中的界面互溶,而且还可与高功函数的稳定金属发生界面偶极相互作用而增强其电子注入,从而解决了高功函数稳定金属电子注入的难题,为实现全溶液加工的高效印刷有机光电器件提供了可行的方案.本文介绍了近年来本课题组在水/醇溶共轭聚合物阴极界面材料及器件应用方面的研究进展,并对水/醇溶共轭聚合物阴极界面材料在聚合物发光二极管和聚合物太阳电池中的工作机理进行了探讨.     

C_(60)与MoO_3混合材料做空穴注入层的单层有机电致发光器件

我们制备研究了基于结构为氧化铟锡(ITO)/C_(60)(1.2nm):MoO_3(0.4nm)/1,3,5-三(1-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)苯(TPBi):三(2-苯基吡啶)铱[Ir(ppy)_3](33%,90 nm)/LiF (0.7 nm)/Al (120 nm)的高效绿色磷光单层有机发光二极管(OLED)。分别将C_(60),MoO_3与C_(60):MoO_3混合物作为空穴注入层(HIL)作为对比。TPBi在发光层中起着主体以及电子传输材料的双重作用。在使用电子传输型主体的单层OLED中,空穴注入层性质对于调节电子/空穴注入以获得电荷载流子传输平衡起重要作用。因此,适当调节空穴注入层是实现高效单层OLED的关键因素。由于MoO_3较大的电子亲和能(6.37 eV)会诱导电子从C_(60)的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级转移至MoO_3,从而形成C_(60)阳离子,并使得Mo元素的价态从+6降至+5,C_(60):MoO_3混合就可以较好的调节空穴注入性质。最终实现最大电流效率为35.88 cd·A~(-1)的单层有机发光器件。     

Surface Modifications and Optoelectronic Characterization of TiO2‐Nanoparticles: Design of New Photo‐Electronic Materials

TiO₂ nanoparticles are of great current interest for applications in photo‐electronic materials including light‐energy conversion, artificial photosynthetic systems as well as photocatalysis. The success of these applications relies on the exciton recombination dynamics and visible‐light sensitivity of the TiO₂ nanomaterials. Thus, in order to develop the highly efficient photo‐electronic materials absorbing visible light, different low dimensional TiO₂ nanostructures such as nanodiscs, nanofibers and nanochains were synthesized, and thereafter their surfaces were modified by incorporating with Sn‐porphyrins and heteropoly acid. The optoelectronic properties of the surface‐modified nanomaterials were investigated with regard to the optical properties and the surface exciton dynamics by using both steady‐state and ultrafast time‐resolved laser spectroscopic techniques including single nanoparticle photoluminescence technique. These results were correlated with the photo‐electronic properties including photocatalytic activities and solar cell efficiencies, indicating that the electron transfer mechanism in the modified nanostructures may be similar to the “Z‐scheme” of the plant photosynthetic system so that both photocatalytic activity and solar cell efficiencies were synergistically enhanced by using two color illumination.     

Incorporation of 2,6‐Connected Azulene Units into the Backbone of Conjugated Polymers: Towards High‐Performance Organic Optoelectronic Materials

Azulene is a promising candidate for constructing optoelectronic materials. An effective strategy is presented to obtain high‐performance conjugated polymers by incorporating 2,6‐connected azulene units into the polymeric backbone, and two conjugated copolymers P(TBAzDI‐TPD) and P(TBAzDI‐TFB) were designed and synthesized based on this strategy. They are the first two examples for 2,6‐connected azulene‐based conjugated polymers and exhibit unipolar n‐type transistor performance with an electron mobility of up to 0.42 cm² V^?1 s^?1, which is among the highest values for n‐type polymeric semiconductors in bottom‐gate top‐contact organic field‐effect transistors. Preliminary all‐polymer solar cell devices with P(TBAzDI‐TPD) as the electron acceptor and PTB7‐Th as the electron donor display a power conversion efficiency of 1.82 %.     

新工科背景下新能源材料与器件专业有机化学教学改革探索

Under the background of establishing the emerging engineering education, teaching of organic chemistry in engineering specialties needs innovation. Efforts have been made to improve the teaching effect of organic chemistry, including selecting textbooks and teaching contents, reforming teaching methods, improving assessment system, and making the best of organic chemistry laboratory course.     

Metal–Organic Frameworks–Based Memristors: Materials,Devices, and Applications

Facing the explosive growth of data, a number of new micro-nano devices with simple structure, low power consumption, and size scalability have emerged in recent years, such as neuromorphic computing based on memristor. The selection of resistive switching layer materials is extremely important for fabricating of high performance memristors. As an organic-inorganic hybrid material, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of both inorganic and organic materials, which makes the memristors using it as a resistive switching layer show the characteristics of fast erasing speed, outstanding cycling stability, conspicuous mechanical flexibility, good biocompatibility, etc. Herein, the recent advances of MOFs-based memristors in materials, devices, and applications are summarized, especially the potential applications of MOFs-based memristors in data storage and neuromorphic computing. There also are discussions and analyses of the challenges of the current research to provide valuable insights for the development of MOFs-based memristors.     

Artificial Neural Network and Full Factorial Design Assisted AT-MRAM on Fe Oxides,Organic Materials,and Fe/Mn Oxides in Surficial Sediments

Artificial neural network(ANN) and full factorial design assisted atrazine(AT) multiple regression adsorption model(AT-MRAM) were developed to analyze the adsorption capability of the main components in the surficial sediments(SSs). Artificial neural network was used to build a model(the determination coefficient square r2 is 0.9977) to describe the process of atrazine adsorption onto SSs, and then to predict responses of the full factorial design. Based on the results of the full factorial design, the interactions of the main components in SSs on AT adsorption were investigated through the analysis of variance(ANOVA), F-test and t-test. The adsorption capability of the main components in SSs for AT was calculated via a multiple regression adsorption model(MRAM). The results show that the greatest contribution to the adsorption of AT on a molar basis was attributed to Fe/Mn(–1.993 μmol/mol). Organic materials(OMs) and Fe oxides in SSs are the important adsorption sites for AT, and the adsorption capabilities are 1.944 and 0.418 μmol/mol, respectively. The interaction among the non-residual components(Fe, Mn oxides and OMs) in SSs interferes in the adsorption of AT that shouldn’t be neglected, revealing the significant contribution of the interaction among non-residual components to controlling the behavior of AT in aquatic environments.     

Multi‐Channel Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensor Based on Artificial Back Propagation Neural (BPN) Network and Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis (MLR) for Organic Vapors

A six‐channel surface acoustic wave (SAW) detection system with a 315 MHz one‐port quartz resonator and a homemade computer interface for signal acquisition and data processing was developed to detect various organic vapors. The oscillating frequency of the SAW quartz crystal decreased due to the adsorption of organic molecules on the coating materials. Polyethylene glycol, 18 crown 6 (18C6), Cr³⁺/cryptand‐22, stearic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidene and triphenyl phosphine coated quartz crystals were used as sensors. An artificial back propagation neural (BPN) network was used to recognize various organic gases such as hexane, 1‐hexene, 1‐hexyne, 1‐propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid and 1‐propylamine. It showed not only the distinction of unity of organic vapors but also mixtures of gases. The learning rate and the hidden unit of a neural network system for BPN analysis were investigated. Furthermore, the concentrations of these organic vapors were computed with about 10% error by multivariate linear regression analysis (MLR). MLR analysis with a multichannel SAW sensor was applied to determine the concentration of each component in a mixture of 1‐hexene, 1‐hexyne and propionaldehyde.