化学还原法向二氧化硅人工欧泊中填充Se

本文提出了一种新的调节人工欧泊晶体的光学带隙的方法.采用改进的溶剂蒸发法将单分散SiO2微球组装成在红外光区具有光子带隙的人工欧泊,采用化学还原法向欧泊中填充高折射率材料Se,改变其光学带隙特性.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射和可见-近红外光谱仪(VIS-NIR)等对Se-SiO2三维光子晶体的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试.研究结果表明Se以纳米晶粒的形式均匀地包覆在SiO2微球表面,与相同晶格周期的SiO2光子晶体相比,Se-SiO2光子晶体的带隙发生明显的红移.     

SiO2双尺寸光子晶体的自组装及稳定性探索

采用St?ber法制备不同尺寸SiO2胶体球,利用多次垂直沉积法制备SiO2双尺寸光子晶体.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对所得双尺寸光子晶体的形貌和排列方式进行表征.对双尺寸光子晶体的生长过程进行探讨,研究界面作用力及胶体球间相互作用力对制备稳定结构的影响.研究结果表明,SiO2双尺寸光子晶体具有更加有序稳定的结构.胶体球间的相互作用力随胶体球粒径增大而增大,大粒径胶体球更有利于形成稳定的结构.     

糯米浆对仿生碳酸钙形貌的影响

以糯米浆为有机调控物质,二氧化碳提供碳源仿生制备出多种形貌的碳酸钙晶体.探索了矿化时间、钙离子浓度对碳酸钙晶体形貌和晶型的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对制备的碳酸钙表观形貌及结构进行表征.扫描电镜结果表明:以糯米浆为有机调控物质,钙离子浓度和矿化时间对碳酸钙晶体的形貌有一定的影响;XRD及FT-IR图谱表明制备的碳酸钙晶型为方解石和球霰石.     

不同填充溶剂对CaTi2O4(OH)2形貌及其光催化性能的影响

利用水热法通过改变填充溶剂的种类制备了不同形貌的CaTi2 O4(OH)2粉体.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对粉体的相结构和微观形貌进行了分析,并结合粉体在紫外-可见吸收光下对罗丹明B的吸附率及光降解率进行了表征.研究了不同填充溶剂对CaTi2 O4 (OH)2的相结构、微观形貌、能带宽度以及光催化性能的影响.结果表明:乙醇和乙二醇作为填充溶剂时会抑制晶体的生长和发育,可获得纳米线状或团状CaTi2 O4 (OH)2粉体,对罗丹明B表现出较佳的吸附特性;无填充溶剂以及以水和环己烷分别作为填充溶剂可获得具有片状结构的CaTi2O4(OH)2粉体.填充环己烷能够促进CaTi2O4(OH)2相的生长和发育,结晶度最高达到了78.04;,在紫外可见光3h下对罗丹明B降解率达到91.6;.     

水溶性壳聚糖/鸡蛋清对仿生碳酸钙晶体形貌的控制

在水溶性壳聚糖/鸡蛋清的调控下,采用气相扩散法仿生制备出多种形貌的碳酸钙晶体.研究了Ca2+起始浓度、m壳聚糖∶ m鸡蛋清质量比对碳酸钙形貌和晶型的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及X射线衍射(XRD)等测试技术对获得的碳酸钙样品进行表征.XRD及FT-IR结果表明所得碳酸钙包括方解石和球霰石两种晶型,SEM观察表明Ca2+浓度及m壳聚糖∶m鸡蛋清质量比对碳酸钙形貌有重要的调控作用.     

不同膜厚对SiO2光子晶体形貌及光学性能的影响

利用改良的St6ber法制成了粒径均一的SiO2胶体颗粒,胶体微球颗粒平均粒径为200 nm.保持SiO2悬浮液体积分数相同,对双基片自组装垂直沉积进行改造,改变夹层厚度,沉积得到厚度不同的SiO2光子晶体薄膜.利用扫描电子显微镜观察了膜厚不同的SiO2光子晶体薄膜样品的表面以及断面微观形貌,测试了样品的光反射性能,此外还讨论了光子晶体薄膜厚度对样品表面的形貌以及样品光反射性能带来的影响.     

聚合物与表面活性剂混合模板调控碳酸钙结晶

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSSS)分别与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)组成混合模板,在CaCl2、Na2CO3体系中调控合成CaCO3晶体.考察了不同CTAB浓度及结晶温度对碳酸钙晶体的影响.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)及X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对晶体的形貌和结构进行了表征,并对不同形貌碳酸钙的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:在PVA和CTAB模板中,5℃为方解石椭球状聚集体,25℃时为菊花状、立方状的方解石和球霰石的混晶,90℃时得到针状文石晶簇.以PSSS和CTAB模板调控下的碳酸钙,5℃时为球状的方解石和球霰石的混晶,25℃为颗粒均匀的球形球霰石,90℃时得到了花朵状文石.不同形貌及晶型碳酸钙的生成源自聚合物与CTAB组成复合物结构的差异.     

双尺寸胶体晶体的制备及其结构表征

采用垂直沉积法制备了双尺寸胶体晶体结构,并实现多种双尺寸SiO2胶体晶体结构的自组装.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对胶体晶体的结构及排列方式进行测试分析.对双尺寸胶体晶体的生长过程进行探讨,研究大小胶体球的粒径比及体积比对结构的影响规律.研究结果表明大小球粒径比过小时,双尺寸胶体晶体排列结构有序性差.增大大胶体球的粒径时,合成相同双尺寸胶体晶体结构所对应的大小胶体球体积比增大.     

矿化剂和温度对水热法合成碳酸锶晶体形态的影响

以氯化锶、硝酸锶为原料,碳酸氢钠、苯甲酸钠等为矿化剂,利用水热法合成了束状碳酸锶晶体聚集体.采用粉末X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等仪器对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,对苯甲酸钠的作用和聚集体形成的机理进行了初步探讨.研究表明:苯甲酸钠对碳酸锶晶体束状聚集体的形成有显著作用,得到的晶体产物束状结构形态特征明显、均匀性好;同时温度的提高有利于晶形完好的碳酸锶晶粒的形成.     

溶剂热法制备InP纳米球及其生长机理研究

以氯化铟(InCl3·4H2O)和白磷(P4)为反应物,硼氢化钠(NaBH4)为还原剂,在较低的反应温度下采用溶剂热法制备出了InP纳米球.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和光致发光光谱(PL)对所制备产物的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了分析和表征.结果表明:在适当的温度下可以制备出尺寸为300 nm左右的纳米球,通过改变反应条件可以改变产物的尺寸、形貌.同时,从动力学方面对溶剂热法制备InP纳米球的反应机理进行了初步探讨.     

反蛋白石结构光子晶体制备技术

光子晶体是一种具有光子带隙的新型材料,由于其可以控制和抑制光子运动的特性,在光通讯领域具有广阔的应用前景.反蛋白石结构是光子晶体一种重要的结构,由于其制备方法简便、成本低廉而受到人们的普遍关注.本文在介绍目前常用的几种制备光子晶体技术的基础上,详细阐述了制备反蛋白石结构光子晶体的各种技术和方法、以及利用这些制备技术和方法在反蛋白石结构光子晶体上制备一维和二维缺陷的最新进展.     

Luminescent properties of europium (III) acetate monohydrate in synthetic opal pores

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic photoluminescence spectra study of the (111) growth surface of an opal photonic crystal whose pores were filled with salt Europium (III) acetate monohydrate (C₆H₉EuO₆×H₂O). Ultraviolet excitation was provided by semiconductor laser operating at wavelengths of 405?nm. Emission spectra were measured both for free-form salt samples and for salt in opal pores annealed at various temperatures up to 1000?°C. The influence of changes in the coordination environment of europium ions on the luminescence spectra in the process of dehydration and salt decomposition up to Eu₂O₃ is established. Differences in the spectra of salt in the pores of opal were revealed compared with the spectra in the free state.     

异质结构光子晶体的制备与带隙特性研究

本文采用多次垂直沉积法制备出了可见光范围的多重异质结构光子晶体,并对其形貌特征和带隙特性进行了分析.扫描电镜图像表明:所制备的异质结构光子晶体排列规整、不同结构间界面明显.光学吸收光谱分析结果表明:异质结构光子晶体与各单一结构光子晶体带隙相比,带隙明显增大,为各单一结构光子晶体带隙的叠加,且与不同结构的叠加顺序无关.     

Template effects on the morphology of ZnO via colloidal crystals with different functional groups

ZnO is an important wide bandgap compound semiconducting material and exhibits a wide range of novel structures that can be grown by tuning the growth rates along its fast growth directions. Highly ordered macroporous materials by using colloidal crystal template method are of great interest in many fields including photonic crystals and catalysts. In this study, ZnO with highly ordered porous structure was deposited by different electrochemical method. Nanomeshes, inverse opal structures, and spherical/ellipsoidal particles with pore arrays are fabricated by the colloidal crystals with different functional groups. The template effects on the morphology of the macroporous structures for different surface groups are studied. All the nanomeshes grows along the {111} plane family by colloidal crystals without functional groups. Disordered arrangements of the nanomeshes are induced by colloidal crystals with hydroxyl groups. The inverse opal structures fabricated by template with carboxyl groups are smoother in surface.     

Fabrication and optical properties of two‐dimensional photonic crystal of ZnO pillars

Two‐dimensional (2D) photonic crystal of ZnO pillars was synthesized on silicon substrate by the combination of template method and vapor‐phase transport method. The microstructure and morphology of the ZnO photonic crystal was evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Large‐area specular reflectance measurements showed the presence of photonic stop band. The effect of the photonic band gap and the special structure on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of ZnO photonic crystal has been investigated. Both suppression and enhancement in the PL were observed. Raman scattering analyses demonstrated that the defect of ZnO photonic crystal exists in this experiment. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于带隙分析的三维反蛋白石光子晶体的非理想态结构参数的求解

应用平面波展开法分析了三维反蛋白石结构光子晶体的带隙性质;计算了沿[111]方向入射时其赝带隙(第一、第三赝带)中心频率分别与填隙材料在模板中填充率ff、模板煅烧因子sf的关系曲线:随ff的减小,v增大;随sf的增大,v随之增大,非理想状态下,ff＜100;、sf＞1,因此较理想态发生蓝移;由此提出了求解平均填充率ffev与平均煅烧因子sfev的计算框图.     

具有梯度结构的蛋白石光子晶体的制备

具有梯度结构的蛋白石光子晶体具有独特的光学性能。本文通过垂直沉积法和电场诱导沉积等方法共同作用将具有不同直径的聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene)胶体微球逐层组装在一起,制备出具有梯度周期尺寸变化的蛋白石结构。     

蛋白土提纯对其理化性能的影响研究

采用焙烧和硫酸浸法对细磨后的蛋白土进行提纯处理,通过SEM、TEM、比表面积及孔径测定仪和红外光谱仪等测试手段对提纯前后的蛋白土进行了表征.结果表明:原蛋白土提纯后可使其SiO2含量由79.42;提到高89.52;,其杂质减少、比表面积及孔体积增大、介孔数量增多和颗粒表面活性增强;通过提纯前后蛋白土对罗丹明B的吸附实验,结果表明蛋白土提纯前后对罗丹明B都有很好的吸附性,提纯蛋白土的吸附能力明显好于原蛋白土.     

Processing optimization and optical properties of 3-D photonic crystals

The synthesis optimization of three-dimensional photonic crystals (direct and inverse opals) is discussed in terms of the influence of processing parameters on the final optical quality. A colloidal/sol–gel route, starting with the self-organization of polystyrene microspheres into opal structures by convective self-assembly, followed by infiltration with a dielectric matrix precursor sol and heat treatment, has been followed. Several substrate hydrophilization methods have been tested and different substrates. Sol–gel infiltration of the opal template interstices with silica was achieved by dip-coating or micro-syringe application and it was followed by removal of the polymeric template. The concentration of the colloidal sol, containing polystyrene spheres of 235 or 460 nm in diameter, was optimized. The structural and optical properties of the opals and inverse opals have been studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and optical reflectivity spectroscopy, in order to assess the relationship between their structure and the photonic properties obtained. By using borosilicate glass substrates hydrophilized with hydrochloric acid, colloidal photonic crystals of good quality have been obtained, with well ordered regions up to ～100 μm². By monitoring the effective refractive index change with relative humidity of the surrounding atmosphere, using spectroscopic ellipsometry with an environmental chamber, it was concluded that the present photonic crystals are suitable for humidity sensing applications.