Spectroscopic properties of anion radicals studied using pulse radiolysis

The anion radicals of benzophenone, amino derivatives of benzophenone, fluorenone, furil and antharcene have been generated by pulse radiolysis in acetonitrile solution and their spectroscopic and kinetic properties have been characterized. The G-value for generation of anion radicals in acetonitrile has been measured to be 1.01 ± 0.1 per 100 eV. We have also investigated the electron-transfer reactions from anion radicals of one kind of solutes to the ground state of another solute. This study has demonstrated that pulse radiolysis can be a useful technique for generation and characterization of anion radicals and for studying electron-transfer reactions using acetonitrile as solvent.     

Pulse radiolysis study on the mechanisms of reactions of CCl3OO. radical with quercetin, rutin and epigallocatechin gallate

The mechanisms of reactions between CC1₃OO^• radical and quercetin, rutin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been studied using pulse radiolytic technique. It is suggested that the electron transfer reaction is the main reaction between CC1₃OO^• radical and rutin, EGCG, but there are two main pathways for the reaction of CC1₃OO^• radical with quercetin, one is the electron transfer reaction, the other is addition reaction. The reaction rate constants were determined. It is proved that quercetin and rutin are better CC1₃OO^• radical scavengers than EGCG.     

Pulse radiolysis study on the mechanisms of reactions of CCl_3OO radical with quercetin, rutin and epigallocatechin gallate

The mechanisms of reactions between CCI3OO radical and quercetin, rutin and epigal-locatechin gallate (EGCG) have been studied using pulse radiolytic technique. It is suggested that the electron transfer reaction is the main reaction between CCI3OO radical and rutin, EGCG, but there are two main pathways for the reaction of CCI3OO" radical with quercetin, one is the electron transfer reaction, the other is addition reaction. The reaction rate constants were determined. It is proved that quercetin and rutin are better CCI3OO radical scavengers than EGCG.     

Reactions of sulphacetamide with pulse radiolytically generated reducing radicals

Pulse radiolysis technique has been used to characterise the transients formed by the reaction of sulphacetamide with e_aq ^- and subsequently study the electron transfer reactions from the transient to various electron acceptors such as thionine, safranine-T and methyl viologen. The results indicate that the semi-reduced sulphacetamide species are highly reducing in nature as they transfer electrons to various dyes with near diffusion controlled rates (k > 10⁹dm³mol⁻¹s⁻¹) in alkaline and acidic solutions. The influence of oxygen on the decay behaviour of semi-reduced species has been investigated and the results show that O₂ reaction with SA⁻ is very fast (k = 1.5 × l0⁹dm³mol⁻¹s⁻¹) and leads to the formation of a permanent-coloured product. Reactions of H.atoms resulted in the formation of two transient species whose spectral, kinetic and acid-base characteristics have also been investigated.     

Construction and Analysis of N-phosphoryl Peptide Libraries

N-Phosphoryl peptide libraries were constructed by transformation from homo-oligopeptide libraries, which was synthesized by self-assembly of amino acids with the assistance of phosphorus oxychloride. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to monitor the reaction.     

Interaction of phenolic antioxidants and hydroxyl radicals

Based on pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions of four phenolic antioxidants including green tea polyphenols, quercetin, caffeic acid and sinapic acid the rate constants for reactions of OH and the antioxidants were determined. And green tea polyphenols and quercetin are the strongest antioxidants.     

Proton Transfer Accompanied by the Oxidation of Adenosine

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies, the proton transfer accompanying the oxidation of 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate 2’-deoxyadenosine 5’-monophosphate (5’-dAMP, A ) is still under debate. To address this issue, we have investigated the oxidation of A in acidic and neutral solutions by using transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved resonance Raman (TR³) spectroscopic methods in combination with pulse radiolysis. The steady-state Raman signal of A was significantly affected by the solution pH, but not by the concentration of adenosine (2–50 mm ). More specifically, the A in acidic and neutral solutions exists in its protonated ( A H⁺(N1+H⁺)) and neutral ( A ) forms, respectively. On the one hand, the TA spectral changes observed at neutral pH revealed that the radical cation ( A ^.+) generated by pulse radiolysis is rapidly converted into A ^.(N6−H) through the loss of an imino proton from N6. In contrast, at acidic pH (<4), A H^.2+(N1+H⁺) generated by pulse radiolysis of A H⁺(N1+H⁺) does not undergo the deprotonation process owing to the pK_a value of A H^.2+(N1+H⁺), which is higher than the solution pH. Furthermore, the results presented in this study have demonstrated that A , A H⁺(N1+H⁺), and their radical species exist as monomers in the concentration range of 2–50 mm . Compared with the Raman bands of A H⁺(N1+H⁺), the TR³ bands of A H^.2+(N1+H⁺) are significantly down-shifted, indicating a decrease in the bond order of the pyrimidine and imidazole rings due to the resonance structure of A H^.2+(N1+H⁺). Meanwhile, A ^.(N6−H) does not show a Raman band corresponding to the pyrimidine+NH₂ scissoring vibration due to diprotonation at the N6 position. These results support the final products generated by the oxidation of adenosine in acidic and neutral solutions being A H^.2+(N1+H⁺) and A ^.(N6−H), respectively.     

Quenching of nucleotide-derived radicals by bis benzimidazole derivative Hoechst-33258 in aqueous solution

The pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to investigate the reaction of DNA-minor-groove ligand bisbenzimidazole Hoechst 33258 with pyrimidine and purine nucleotide-derived radicals. Formation of an N-centred Hoechst-33258 radical is observed. Bimolecular rate constants and the yields of Hoechst-33258 radical have been evaluated. While the rate constant for the reaction of pyrimidine-derived radicals with Hoechst-33258 remained the same (1–2) × 10⁹ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹, the yields of the Hoechst-33258 radical varied from 25% (5′-cytidine monophosphate) to 75% (5′-guanosine monophosphate) under anoxic conditions. The rate constant values for the reaction of purine-derived radicals with Hoechst-33258, under oxic and anoxic conditions, remained the same whereas with pyrimidine-derived radicals, the rate constant value under oxic conditions was about two orders of magnitude lower than under anoxic conditions. The difference in the yields of Hoechst-33258 radical with various nucleotide-derived radicals suggest the formation of different types of radicals and that the reaction mainly occurs by electron transfer from Hoechst-33258 to the nucleotide radicals.     

Polymer-assisted solution-phase parallel synthesis of dipeptide p-nitroanilides and dipeptide diphenyl phosphonates

This letter describes the parallel synthesis of dipeptide p-nitroanilides (1) and dipeptide diphenyl phosphonates (2), compounds that can be used as substrates and irreversible inhibitors for the rapid profiling of dipeptidyl peptidases. A polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis was used for a rapid and clean coupling between easily available building blocks.     

Reactions of reducing radicals with 2- and 3-nitroanilines in aqueous solutions: a pulse radiolysis study

Reactions of 2- and 3-nitro anilines (2- and 3-NA) with e_aq⁻, H-atoms and one-electron reductants have been studied using pulse radiolysis in aqueous solutions. Reactions of e_aq⁻ were found to be quite fast with both 2-NA and 3-NA resulting in their corresponding semi-reduced species which are reducing in nature. Reduction potentials for 2-NA/2-Na^•′ have been estimated to be approx. −0.56 Vvs. NHE and that for 3-NA/3-NA^•− was found to be between −0.185 V and −0.45 Vvs. NHE. Semi-reduced 2-NA has main absorption peak at 300 nm with a shoulder in the 350 nm region and a broad weak band in the 470–500 nm region, whereas semi-reduced 3-NA possesses an absorption peak at 520 nm. Reducing radicals such as (CH₃)₂ C^•OH and CO₂^•− reacted with 2-NA, producing semi-reduced species, whereas reactions of these radicals with 3-NA produced their corresponding radical-adduct species.     

Some molecular aspects of the radiation-induced oxidative degradation of glutathione

Glutathione (GSH) is well known to have an important role as natural antioxidant. Some aspects of GSH degradation following the capture of water primary radicals in aerated or deaerated medium were investigated after -irradiation and by pulse radiolysis.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ Some relevant reactions involved in the GSH oxidation mechanism, leading to GSOO-related products, were evidenced by pulse radiolysis experiments.___TAGSTART___BR___TAGEND___ From the quantitative determinations of the GSH degradation and the GSSG formation, useful indications on the fate of thiyl radicals (GS), the most preminent sulfur centred intermediates, were drawn out in anaerobic and aerobic conditions.     

Selective generation and reactivity of 5'-adenosinyl and 2'-adenosinyl radicals

The reaction of hydrated electrons (e(-)(aq) with 8-bromoadenosine 7 has been investigated by radiolytic methods coupled with product studies. Pulse radiolysis revealed that one-electron reductive cleavage of the C-Br bond gives the C8 radical 8 followed by a fast radical translocation to the sugar moiety. The reaction is partitioned between C5' and C2' positions in a 60:40 ratio leading to 5'-adenosinyl radical 9 and 2'-adenosinyl radical 11. This radical translocation from C8 to different sites of the sugar moiety has also been addressed computationally by means of DFT B3LYP calculations. In addition, ketone 21 was prepared and photolyzed providing an independent generation of C2' radical 11. Both C5' and C2' radicals undergo unimolecular reactions. Radical 9 attacks adenine with a rate constant of 1.0 x 10(4) s(-1) and gives the aromatic aminyl radical 10, whereas C2' radical 11 liberates adenine with a rate constant of 1.1 x 10(5) s(-1).     

Heat capacities of aqueous solutions of amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of fullerene

The concentration dependences of heat capacities of aqueous solutions of several amino acid and peptide derivatives of fullerene were measured by scanning differential calorimetry at 298 K. The heat capacities for the arginine, alanylalanine, and glycylvaline derivatives dissolved in water depend slightly on concentration. The concentration dependences of the heat capacities of aqueous solutions of the serine and alanine derivatives display extrema. The calculated contributions of hydration to the heat capacities of the dissolved fullerene derivatives have both positive and negative signs. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2202–2204, November, 1998.     

从磷酰化氨基酸到丝组二肽

Phosphorus is one of the important elements for life, which participates in various biochemical processes. L-Amino acids are the basic structural units of proteins. N-phosphorylation of amino acids makes them be activated and become one kind of "micro activating enzyme", which possesses a variety of biochemical reaction activities, such as peptide formation. Based on the peptide formation reaction of N-phosphoryl amino acids, L-seryl-L-histidine dipeptide (Seryl-histidine dipeptide) is produced and found that it is the smallest functional peptide with a variety of biological enzyme activities. Seryl-histidine dipeptide could be regarded as the original evolution prototype of modern hydrolytic enzyme. This paper reviews the research process from N-phosphoryl amino acids to the discovery of seryl-histidine dipeptide in detail. There are pain, confusion and joy, which fully embodies the charm of scientific exploration.     

Kinetics and mechanism of electron-induced splitting of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer with or without an electron acceptor

DNA repair has received heightened attention in recent years as ozone depletion threatens to significantly increase DNA damage by UVB radiation[1—6]. The major lesions formed in DNA by this radiation are cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, which are created by the linkage of two neighboring pyrimidine bases in DNA via C5-C5 and C6-C6 atoms by [2+2] cycloaddition[2,5—8]. This potentially lethal or mutagenic damage can be repaired either by the removal of the damaged bases by excisio…     

肽链中电子转移的研究

本文对含色氨酸，酪氨酸的钛链，含硫氨基酸的钛链及磷酰化肽链中的电子转移的研究情况进行了归纳和评述。     

Oxidizing mechanism of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives by sodium persulfate

The oxidizing mechanism of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives by sodium persulfate has been studied by laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis. The formation and decay processes of transient species of podophyllotoxin and its derivatives have been observed, and a series of rate constants for the formation and decay of transient species have been determined. It has been found that there is a light (UV) sensitive group on the C-4 of podophyllotoxin and two light (UV) sensitive groups on the C-4 and C-4' of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin.     

Reactions of tea polyphenol four constituents with hydroxyl radical: A pulse radiolytic study

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