共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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超声无损检测和无损评价的一种新方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文基于对超声后向散射回波信号的希尔伯特变换提出了无损检测和无损评价的一种新方法.利用这种方法,除了得到回波信号的振幅信息外还要得到相位变化信息,即瞬时频率.本文从理论到实际讨论了瞬时频率和材料特性之间的明确的定量关系,利用瞬时频率的分布和它在被测范围内的平均值,可以表征材料特性和缺陷性质.文中给出了模拟计算结果以及对粗晶材料、复合材料粘接强度、平底孔缺陷的实验结果,证明此方法切实可行,有应用前景. 相似文献
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动态光散射图像法测量纳米颗粒粒度研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
提出了一种基于动态光散射原理的图像法测量纳米颗粒粒径的新方法,采用面阵CCD数以万计的像素同时并行测量处于布朗运动的纳米颗粒空间分布的动态散射光信号,对测得的信号进行数据处理,得到了纳米颗粒粒径。对27、79、482、948nm 4种不同粒径的纳米标准颗粒进行了实验研究,针对面阵CCD拍摄帧率远低于光电倍增管测量频率的特点,采用质量分数为55%高粘度甘油水溶液作为分散介质,在CCD拍摄帧率为8290frame/s时,27nm颗粒的测量误差从以水为分散介质时的15.1%降至1.9%。与目前动态光散射纳米颗粒测量方法相比,该方法大幅度减少了测量时间,仅为现有方法的1%以下,并可大幅度简化测量装置。 相似文献
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基于共振干涉法、相位法和反射回波法测量了空气和水中超声波的传播速度,比较了三种方法的优缺点,共振干涉法和相位法可测量气体和液体中的声速,反射回波法可测量液体和固体中的声速;相位法误差最小,共振干涉法误差相对较大。共振干涉法研究了示波器接收的交变电压随传播距离的变化规律,计算得空气和水中超声波的损耗系数分别为0.01381、0.01829,超声波在水中的损耗较大。使用Origin软件直线拟合,对实验结果进行分析和评价。 相似文献
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提出了一种利用单颗粒背向散射信号来进行粒径分布估算的超声波测量技术,系统阐述了其 理论基础及基本工作原理。被测颗粒的散射信号幅度与它在探测区中的位置、颗粒尺寸和形状有关。 通过理论分析,建立了一个可用于描述散射信号幅度概率分布与颗粒系尺寸分布之间关系的数学模 型,对该模型的反演计算便可得到颗粒系的尺寸分布信息。为了避免求解过程中的病态系数矩阵问 题,将模型求解转化成了易于解决的最优化问题。仿真实例结果验证了该技术的可行性。 相似文献
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为了实现同时兼顾大、小颗粒测量的液体颗粒计数,在分析细小光束照射下球形颗粒脉冲信号波形特征的基础上,提出了一种颗粒粒径信息提取方法,该方法通过对脉冲信号积分将颗粒脉冲信号的幅度与持续时间结合,可更加准确地提取颗粒的等效粒径信息.对理想脉冲信号进行数值模拟,并采用乳胶微粒标准物质进行实验测试,结果表明,该方法能够有效地提取大颗粒和小颗粒的粒径信息,从而拓宽了仪器检测范围.同时,分析了流速和噪声对该方法提取粒径准确性的影响,结果表明当流速波动小于10%时,测量误差小于5.41%;当噪声小于1%时,测量误差小于0.50%. 相似文献
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设计了一种基于非侵入式超声波透射衰减法的浆料浓度测量系统,根据超声传播衰减原理,建立超声衰减值与浆料浓度之间的关系。实验中采用生物显微镜和激光粒度仪对颗粒标称粒径进行验证,采用中心频率为200 kHz的超声波换能器,利用一发一收模式对超声波在有机玻璃管内的浆料进行非侵入式测量并分析透射波信号,对体积百分浓度小于25%、不同粒径的石英砂浆料进行测量,通过拟合方法获得浆料温度、体积百分浓度与声衰减对应的关系,并据此构造浓度求解方程,通过现场实时在线测量并与取样结果进行对比验证方程的准确性,结果显示,本方法可有效测量浆料浓度。 相似文献
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超声波反射法应用于高炉炉墙测厚时,高炉内部环境高温高噪声的特点,造成超声回波信号被噪声湮没的问题;针对这一问题,研究了超声波在金属介质中传播的机理,分析了超声回波信号信噪比下降的原因以及实验数据时域和频域的特征,设计改进了高炉炉墙测厚的超声波发射电路和信号调理电路;采用加热炉模拟高炉200~1 000 ℃温度环境,对直径40 mm、长度1.2 m的铁棒进行测厚实验;经实测,改进的发射电路发射的超声信号强度增大,回波处理电路处理后超声回波信号信噪比明显提高、峰值清晰可辩,解决了噪声湮没回波信号的问题,提高了高炉炉墙测厚的测量精度,对高炉的高产、顺产和延长炉龄具有实际意义。 相似文献
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Peter J. Coghill Michael J. Millen Brian D. Sowerby 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》1997,14(3):116-121
A new method is described for the determination of particle size distribution of slurries based on ultrasonic velocity spectrometry combined with gamma-ray transmission. This method shares the advantages of ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy of being capable of analyzing highly concentrated samples without dilution. However the ultrasonic velocity method is better suited to fine particles of diameter from about 0.1 to 30 μm, a greater volume of slurry is analysed and therefore sampling errors are reduced, and precise theoretical models are readily available to permit the accurate determination of size distribution by inversion of ultrasonic velocity measurements. The method can also be used to accurately determine particle size cut points by linear correlation. Using either inversion or correlation methods, the accuracy of particle size information from ultrasonic velocity spectroscopy is significantly enhanced by the independent measurement of solids loading by gamma-ray transmission. In addition, larger sizes can be measured by combining the ultrasonic velocity method with ultrasonic attenuation measurements. The method has been tested in the laboratory on a wide variety of mineral and paint slurries. The method determined the size distribution of single component silica and alumina samples in water in agreement with laser diffraction measurements and the method successfully distinguished well and poorly dispersed TiO2 suspensions. For composite samples the method discriminated separate TiO2 and CaCO3, components and determined their proportions to within 0.25% volume. In addition the method, in combination with ultrasonic attenuation measurements, determined the size fractions of iron ore slurries below 10 and 30 μm to within 1.3% and 1.0% relative respectively, when compared with laser diffraction measurement of particle size. The CSIRO is presently designing an industrial gauge which will be manufactured and installed in an industrial slurry stream in 1997. 相似文献
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Magnetic liquids are stable colloidal suspensions of nano-sized magnetic particles in a carrier liquid medium. In the present paper the determination of the particle size distribution function using ultrasonic spectroscopy is described. The ultrasonic spectra of water-based magnetic fluid measured in the 3.5-50 MHz frequency range are analyzed using formulas for the velocity and absorption of sound in dispersion media obtained by Vinogradov. The results of the ultrasonic studies are compared with the particles size distribution function evaluated from the processing of the magnetic susceptibility data. 相似文献
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The suspended particle size distribution in slurries can, in principle, be estimated from measured ultrasonic wave attenuation across a frequency band in the 10s of MHz range. The procedure requires a computational model of wave propagation which incorporates scattering phenomena. These models fail at high particle concentrations due to hydrodynamic effects which they do not incorporate. This work seeks an effective viscosity and density for the medium surrounding the particles, which would enable the scattering model predictions to match experimental data for high solids loading. It is found that the required viscosity model has unphysical characteristics leading to the conclusion that a simple effective medium modification to the ECAH/LB is not possible. The paper confirms the successful results which can be obtained using core–shell scattering models, for smaller particles than had previously been studied, and outlines modifications to these which would permit rapid computation of sufficient stability to support fast particle sizing procedures. 相似文献
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E. C. Jung H.-R. Cho K. K. Park J.-W. Yeon K. Song 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2009,97(4):867-875
A method for determining the size of a colloidal nanoparticle by measuring the magnitude of the probe beam signal which can
be remotely measured in a non-contact manner has been developed. The method using a probe beam signal is intended to employ
a principle by which the path of a probe beam is changed by a laser-induced shock wave, accompanying the occurrence of a laser-induced
breakdown of colloidal nanoparticles. It was observed that the peak and full width at half-maximum of a frequency distribution
curve of the measured magnitude of a probe beam signal appear in direct correlation with the size of a nanoparticle at the
fixed pulse energy of a laser beam for the breakdown. A calibration curve for a particle sizing is presented for particle
diameters ranging from 20 to 60 nm, with reference polystyrene particles. An application is demonstrated for measuring hexavalent
uranium colloidal particles generated by the hydrolysis of free uranyl ions. 相似文献
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We made a tissue phantom with double-peak particle size distribution, which has polystyrene particles of cell nuclear size and mitochondrial size, and measured the spectrum from the tissue phantom using a single optical fiber. In this paper we investigate the characterization method for the tissue phantom with double-peak particle size distribution by comparing the measured spectra with the calculated ones using the Monte Carlo (MC) method. It is first shown that the Mie phase function characterizes better than the Henyey-Greenstein (H-G) phase function in MC calculation. Next, we compare the measurement spectra with those obtained by modeling as single-peak, conventional modeling for particle size distribution, and for double-peak particle size distribution. The single-peak modeling is found to cause considerable error for the tissue phantom with double-peak particle size distribution, which seems to simulate a biological tissue. We suggest that if one simulates the particle size distribution of a biological tissue by conventional modeling, the accuracy of estimation will be lower. 相似文献