色胺类新精神活性物质检验方法研究进展

色胺类新精神活性物质是一类与神经递质5-羟色胺结构相似的化合物,通过与5-羟色胺受体结合,在体内的生理药理作用与5-羟色胺相似,因具有致幻作用,被越来越多吸食者非法滥用,致使人类身心健康受到严重影响。本文介绍了色胺类新精神活性物质的结构、毒性、成瘾特性和滥用情况,对其毒理学性质、体内代谢机理以及检验方法的研究进展进行了综述。同时介绍了色胺类物质成分检验领域的一些新的研究思路,并简要展望了该领域的发展。     

合成大麻素类新精神活性物质检验方法研究进展

近几年,合成大麻素类新精神活性物质备受关注。合成大麻素可在人体内模拟四氢大麻酚发挥作用,同时还具有易用性、难被检测等特点,在世界范围内被越来越多人非法使用,严重影响人类身心健康。为此,各国科研人员针对合成大麻素类新精神活性物质进行了诸多相关研究。本文介绍了合成大麻素类新精神活性物质的结构、分类、毒理毒性,对其体内代谢机理和检验方法研究进展进行了综述。同时介绍了合成大麻素成分检验领域的一些新的探索思路,并对该领域的发展作了简要展望。     

镧诱导植物产生抗病性的生化机制

为了进一步探究镧的诱导抗病性机制,通过盆栽试验测定了镧对水稻幼苗体内蛋白质、糖类的代谢,及苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶等防御性酶的活性的影响.结果表明,镧浸种处理后,能参与植物体的物质代谢,提高了植株体内蛋白质和还原糖的含量;提高了水稻幼苗体内与抗菌物质合成有关的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶等一些关键酶的活性,从而通过改变植物体内的物质代谢,提高防御性酶的活性,增加酚类等抗菌物质的积累,提高植物的抗病性.     

卡西酮类新精神活性物质的差分拉曼光谱分析研究

通过对14种卡西酮类新精神活性物质标准品的差分拉曼光谱分析研究,建立了一种简便快速、准确可靠、无损检材的卡西酮类新精神活性物质的分析方法。设置差分拉曼光谱仪激光光源785nm,激光功率200mW,积分时间1s,扫描范围为2400～200 cm^-1,对14种常见卡西酮类标准品样品进行了检验分析。可以通过对差分拉曼光谱的分析区分所有14种卡西酮类物质。利用该方法可以对卡西酮类物质进行快速无损的检验,该方法可以用于公安机关实际办案。     

吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素检验方法研究进展

合成大麻素作为滥用最广泛、种类最多的新精神活性物质之一,严重影响人类身心健康和社会稳定,当前滥用较为严重,常出现在国内外各类案件的侦办中,是世界范围内关于新精神活性物质案件的一个研究焦点,建立合成大麻素的检验方法对侦破相关案件具有重要意义。近几年出现的吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素被称为第八代合成大麻素,其涉案频繁但研究相对较少。本文介绍吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的结构、分类、毒性,并对其代谢和检验研究现状进行了综述,同时介绍了检测吲哚/吲唑酰胺类合成大麻素的探索思路,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

新精神活性物质异构体分离分析技术研究进展

新精神活性物质作为一类新型毒品,其滥用问题对人类健康、公共安全和社会治安造成了巨大危害。新精神活性物质所具备的种类繁多、更新换代迅速、同分异构体庞杂等特点,严重干扰分离分析技术的选择、检测数据的解读。本文首先从基本概况、管控缺失等方面对新精神活性物质滥用现状进行概述;进而着重介绍了其位置异构体和光学异构体常用的分离分析技术,并对各种技术的适用范围、优点和局限性进行了评述。在实际检测过程中,司法鉴定人员应结合检材特性,采用多种独立的检测方法,相互印证,以求得到科学、可靠的鉴定结果。     

新精神活性物质异构体分离分析技术研究进展

新精神活性物质作为一类新型毒品,其滥用问题对人类健康、公共安全和社会治安造成了巨大危害。新精神活性物质所具备的种类繁多、更新换代迅速、同分异构体庞杂等特点,严重干扰分离分析技术的选择、检测数据的解读。本文首先从基本概况、管控缺失等方面对新精神活性物质滥用现状进行概述;进而着重介绍了其位置异构体和光学异构体常用的分离分析技术,并对各种技术的适用范围、优点和局限性进行了评述。在实际检测过程中,司法鉴定人员应结合检材特性,采用多种独立的检测方法,相互印证,以求得到科学、可靠的鉴定结果。     

合成卡西酮类新精神活性物质检测方法的应用进展

鉴于2010年以来有关合成卡西酮类新精神活性物质检测方法的综述较少，简要介绍了合成卡西酮类新精神活性物质的分类和药理作用，并综述了化学分析法、免疫学检测法、光谱分析法、核磁共振波谱法、毛细管电泳法、液相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱-质谱法和实时直接分析质谱法等在该类毒品检测中的应用，并对相关检测方法的发展进行了展望(引用文献57篇)。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测食品中芬太尼类新精神活性物质

建立液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）快速检测食品中芬太尼类新精神活性物质的方法。样品经乙腈加适量水连续振荡提取，加无水乙酸钠促进电离，用无水硫酸镁吸附水分。采用0.1%甲酸水-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，质谱（ESI+）采用多反应监测模式（MRM）对芬太尼类新精神活性物质的定量离子和定性离子进行监测。该方法可在6 min内完成7种目标化合物的检测。7种芬太尼类新精神活性物质在1倍、2倍和10倍定量限添加水平的回收率为86.6%～100.4%，相对标准偏差小于5.0%(n=6)，方法定量限为1～5μg/kg。该方法快速、准确、灵敏，适合测定识别食品中芬太尼类新精神活性物质。     

植物内生真菌抗菌活性物质的研究进展

植物内生真菌的代谢产物中存在一系列具有多样性结构的抗菌活性化合物.对植物内生真菌所产生的抗菌活性物质的结构、对细菌和真菌的抑制效果,以及这些内生真菌的寄主植物等几方面进行了综述.简单讨论了植物内生真菌-寄主植物之间的化学生态学关系、植物内生真菌代谢物的研究价值.希望通过这些活性物质的研究能够开发出更多新型强活性抗生素.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.