超级微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法 测定土壤中13种元素

建立了超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定多类型土壤基质中钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、钼、锑、铊、铅和铀等13种元素含量的方法。采用超级微波消解法对样品进行前处理,比较了超级微波前处理与常规微波前处理消解效果,并优化了消解酸体系。在最优条件下,13种元素的的方法检出限（LOD）为0.0002~0.2 mg/kg,方法定量限（LOQ）范围为0.001~0.6mg/kg。在0~500 μg/L范围内线性回归系数（R2）在0.9996~1.0000,各元素加标回收率在76.3%~126%,此方法准确度可以满足复杂基体样品多元素同时测定的需求,一次样品前处理可实现18个样品的同时测定,相较于常规前处理方法大幅减少酸使用的同时更加安全、高效、不易污染样品,可为土壤重金属污染监测工作提供可靠的分析方法支撑。     

超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法测定土壤中13种元素

建立了超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定多类型土壤基质中钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、砷、钼、锑、铊、铅和铀等13种元素含量的方法。采用超级微波消解法对样品进行前处理,比较了超级微波前处理与常规微波前处理消解效果,并优化了消解酸体系。在最优条件下,13种元素的方法检出限(LOD)为0.000 2～0.2mg/kg,方法定量限(LOQ)范围为0.001～0.6mg/kg。在0～500μg/L范围内线性回归系数(R~2)在0.999 6～1.000 0,各元素加标回收率在76.3%～126%,方法准确度可以满足样品多元素同时测定的需求,一次样品前处理可实现18个样品的同时测定,相较于常规前处理方法大幅减少酸使用的同时更加安全、高效、不易污染样品,可为土壤重金属污染监测工作提供可靠的分析方法支撑。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤中6种重金属元素的不同前处理方法比较

样品前处理是测定土壤中金属元素的关键步骤,为保障测定结果能如实反应土壤环境状况,比较不同的前处理方法对土壤中6种金属元素的同时提取能力。论文基于电感耦合等离子体质谱技术,采用微波和石墨消解装置,探索消解过程中酸种类、加酸方式、消解装置、赶酸温度等因素对测定土壤标准品和实际样品结果的影响。实验结果表明,样品通过依次加入盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸,并在160 ℃赶酸的石墨消解方式进行前处理能快速、准确地测定土壤中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni六种元素,其前处理时长约8.5 h,并且消解成本比微波消解更低。在优化条件下,土壤标准样品中6种金属元素的检测结果的绝对回收率为91.5%~108%,相对标准偏差为0.8%~ 5.4%,方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg ~2 mg/kg。表明方法的灵敏度高、准确度与精密度好,适用于批量土壤样品的分析。     

一次消解土壤样品测定汞、砷和硒

建立了测定土壤中3种挥发性元素(汞、砷、硒)的一次消解方法,确定以程序控温石墨自动消解仪+王水-氢氟酸-硼酸络合敞开体系为最佳消解体系,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)分别测定同一消解液中汞、砷、硒的含量.采用国家标物中心有证标准物质土壤环境样品GSS-1~GSS-8进行了方法验证,结果均符合标准偏差的允许范围.此消解方法相比于现行标准方法,避免了针对各元素的分次处理,简化了消解步骤,节省了前处理时间,减少了试剂消耗,提高了实验效率,适用性广、灵敏度高、检出限低,尤其适合批量样品的微量/痕量元素分析,可作为一种大规模土壤样品中重金属污染监测和治理的快捷方法.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定土壤中主次元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定土壤中多种主次元素的分析方法。采用硝酸-氢氟酸-双氧水体系在微波消解仪中消解土壤样品,待消解完成后加入高氯酸驱赶氢氟酸,盐酸溶解盐类物质,将土壤中所有元素的矿物晶格破坏使待测溶液全部进入试液,采用ICP-AES法测定。通过筛选合适分析谱线和合理设置背景扣除位置提高样品分析中的精密度和准确度。选用国家土壤标准物质进行方法验证,绝大多数实验结果与标准值吻合,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。方法具有同时测定土壤样品中多种元素、试剂用量少、操作简单等优点,表明方法适合大批量土壤中主次元素的快速检测。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤中主次金属元素

建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定土壤中多种主次元素的分析方法。采用硝酸-氢氟酸-双氧水体系在微波消解仪中消解土壤样品,待消解完成后加入高氯酸驱赶氢氟酸,盐酸溶解盐类物质,将土壤中所有元素的矿物晶格破坏使待测溶液全部进入试液,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱进行测定。通过筛选合适分析谱线和合理设置背景扣除位置提高样品分析中的精密度和准确度。选用国家土壤标准物质进行方法验证,绝大多数实验结果与标准值吻合,RSD小于5%。本方法具有同时测定土壤样品多种元素、试剂用量少、操作简单等优点,表明该方法适合大批量土壤中主次元素的快速检测。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定土壤中主次元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法同时测定土壤中多种主次元素的分析方法。采用硝酸-氢氟酸-双氧水体系在微波消解仪中消解土壤样品,待消解完成后加入高氯酸驱赶氢氟酸,盐酸溶解盐类物质,将土壤中所有元素的矿物晶格破坏使待测溶液全部进入试液,采用ICP-AES法测定。通过筛选合适分析谱线和合理设置背景扣除位置提高样品分析中的精密度和准确度。选用国家土壤标准物质进行方法验证,绝大多数实验结果与标准值吻合,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。方法具有同时测定土壤样品中多种元素、试剂用量少、操作简单等优点,表明方法适合大批量土壤中主次元素的快速检测。     

分类消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境土壤中15种金属元素的含量

测定土壤中铍、锌、钼、铊、钛、锑等6种元素以硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸为消解体系,采用全自动消解法进行消解;测定土壤中钒、锰、钴、镍、铜、镉、钡、铅、铬等9种元素以硝酸-氢氟酸-盐酸混合酸为消解体系,采用微波消解法进行消解。以氩为内标元素校正土壤基体的雾化效率及电离效率。电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)采用多向观测模式,结合多重谱线拟合技术(MSF)校正光谱干扰,测定环境土壤中上述15种元素的含量,检出限为0.1~3.7 mg·kg~(-1)。按上述方法测定标准样品GSS~(-1)0和GSS~(-1)3,各元素的测定值与认定值吻合,相对标准偏差(n=11)为0.15%~2.6%。以吉林市某河岸土壤为实际测定样品,各元素的测定值与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)的测定值一致,相对标准偏差(n=11)为1.6%~4.5%。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中8种重(类)金属元素

通过优化微波消解的温度和时间、消解试剂类型和体积等条件,建立了ICP-MS同时测定土壤中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cr,Zn,Ni,Cu2+)和一种类金属(As)的方法。采用HNO3-HF-H2O2混酸体系,将样品完全消解。各元素线性相关系数≥0.9992,方法检出限为0.02~1.00 mg/kg,日间和日内相对标准偏差≤6.2%,回收率在91.3%~104.9%之间,土壤标准物质GBW07457和NILMA049的测得值与标准值吻合度高。实际土壤样品分析结果显示,Cd是目标区域土壤中的主要污染物,对土壤环境质量影响较高。     

超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法测定土壤中18种元素

为提高土壤多元素同时检测的效率,采用超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定土壤中钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、铁、锰、锌、磷、硫、硼、砷、镉、铬、铅、钴、镓、锂等18种元素含量。比较了超级微波消解、常规微波消解和电热板消解的处理效果,采用超级微波消解法对样品进行前处理,并优化了消解条件。在最优条件下,各元素的检出限在0.05~20 mg/kg,加标回收率在86.2%~107.5%,RSD在0.1%~3.0%,方法准确度及精密度可以满足多元素同时测定的需求,且该方法具有简单、快速、成本低、用酸量少、重现性好等特点。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.