孕母中期血铅水平对妊娠结局影响的初探

为探讨孕中期铅负荷对孕妇分娩、新生儿神经行为发育的影响 ,随机抽取了 1 1 8例配对孕产妇及新生儿作为研究对象 ,采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定了其孕中期、产时脐带及新生儿静脉的血铅水平 ;比较了不同分娩方式的产妇血铅水平 ;采用儿童神经行为发育量表 (NABA)对出生2 4～ 3 6h新生儿进行了评价 ,并与其母孕中期、脐带血铅水平进行了相关分析 ;以孕中期母血铅c的第 2 5、 5 0、 75百分位 ,即 0 2 7μmol/L、 0 3 1 μmol/L、 0 3 6μmol/L为分界点 ,分为相对高铅组和低铅组 ,对其神经行为发育进行了比较。结果表明 ,剖宫产者血铅水平显著高于顺产者 ;母孕中期血铅值与新生儿行为能力、主动肌张力及总分呈显著负相关 (r =-0 2 96,-0 2 41 ,-0 3 89,P <0 0 5 ) :脐血铅值与行为能力及总分呈显著负相关 (r =-0 1 3 4,-0 2 76,P <0 0 5 ) :在分界点 0 3 1 μmol/L时 ,两组的总分评分开始出现显著性差异。提示低铅负荷影响孕妇分娩 ,孕中期的低血铅暴露 ( 0 3 1 μmol/L) ,对新生儿的神经行为发育产生不良影响。     

维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅水平对新生儿神经行为发育的影响

探讨了宫内低水平铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响。 1 38例维汉母子 (维 5 9例 ,汉79例 )血铅测定由上海儿童铅中毒防治中心采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法。用NBNA方法做新生儿2 0项神经行为测定。结果表明 ,( 1 ) 1 38例产妇血铅 ( 1 2～ 2 67) μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 ( 1 0～ 2 5 2 )μg/L ,维、汉母子血铅均呈高度正相关 (r =0 80 4 7,0 7898,P <0 0 1 )。其中维吾尔族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅均高于汉族 (P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 )。血铅≥ 1 0 0 μg/L的孕妇 5 3例 ( 38 4 1 % ) ,新生儿 4 8例 ( 34 78% )。 ( 2 )新生儿脐血铅水平和新生儿神经行为 (NBNA)总评分及行为能力评分呈负相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,主要影响新生儿非生物性听定向反应及生物性视和听定向反应 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 )。提示本组维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅水平可以影响新生儿神经行为功能 ,且新生儿铅中毒在本地区有一定比率 ,应引起高度重视     

脐血中铅,锌水平与新生儿发育的关系

为研究脐血中铅，锌水平对新生儿发育是否有不良影响，以１３１例新生儿为调查对象，用新生儿２０项行为神经评分检测新生儿神经行为发育，以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定脐血中铅，锌的含量，结果表明，脐血铅与新生儿神经行为为总得分及主动肌张力呈负相关，差异有显著意义，脐血铅≥０．２９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的新生儿其神经行为发育明显落后于血铅〈０．１４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ者，差异有显著意义，表明血铅水平低     

胚胎期铅暴露对斑马鱼行为发育的影响

目的了解胚胎期铅暴露对斑马鱼胚胎及幼鱼行为的影响,以探讨铅的神经行为发育毒性。方法斑马鱼胚胎期暴露醋酸铅浓度分别为0、0.1、0.5、2.5和12.5μmol/L,观察24 hpf胚胎的自主运动,分析测试5 dpf幼鱼对光周期的刺激反应。结果各组胚胎自主运动观察结果依次为(5.22±1.02)、(6.25±1.46)、(6.12±0.92)、(5.46±0.92)、(4.62±0.81)次/min,与对照组比较,随着铅暴露浓度增加,胚胎自主运动次数呈高至低变化趋势,多组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。幼鱼活力也随着铅暴露浓度增加呈现由高至低变化,明亮期12.5μmol/L铅浓度组及黑暗期2.5μmol/L铅浓度组平均活力均较对照组显著降低(P0.05);12.5μmol/L铅浓度组亮转暗前后1 min活力改变量较对照组显著增高(P0.05),并且暗刺激后活力动态变化呈易激惹、易衰退状态。结论胚胎期铅暴露能影响斑马鱼胚胎自主运动及幼鱼活力状态,低浓度铅暴露以兴奋作用为主,高浓度铅暴露则呈现抑制作用为主,但其内在机制尚有待进一步研究。     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠神经组织中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

 建立了大鼠神经组织中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的高效液相色谱测定方法,以用于研究一氧化氮在糖尿病慢性神经病变中的作用。在1 μmol/L～25 μmol/L的浓度范围内,NO2-和NO3-的峰面积与浓度的线性相关系数>0.991;最低检测浓度分别为0.2 μmol/L和0.5 μmol/L;日内、日间相对标准偏差<14%。对各实验组大鼠的初步测定结果表明,糖尿病组及糖尿病胰岛素(IGF)治疗组的NO2-和NO3-水平均低于对照组。 关键词：高效液相色谱法;一氧化氮;硝酸盐;亚硝酸盐;糖尿病神经病变     

微量元素对胎儿发育影响的临床研究

为了解小于胎龄儿的血锌、铜、铅的变化 ,对 3 8例小于胎龄儿 (其中 1 2例有先天缺陷 )进行了血锌、铜、铅三种微量元素检测 ,并与 3 1例健康足月适于胎龄儿比较。结果表明 ,3 8例小于胎龄儿血锌、铜、铅结果分别为 49 4± 1 9 88μmol/L、 1 0 7± 3 3 μmol/L、 1 5± 0 83 μmol/L ;与正常对照组 (分别为 62 3 9± 1 5 2 9μmol/L、 1 1 0 2± 1 73 μmol/L、 0 82± 0 3 9μmol/L)比较 ,血锌明显低于正常组 ,t=-2 88,P <0 0 1 ;血铅明显高于对照组 ,t =4 6,P <0 0 1 ,有显著性差异。两组血铜无明显差异。小于胎龄儿血锌降低 ,血铅增高 ,而且其先天性缺陷者占3 5 .5 8% ,证明胎儿的低锌高铅状态对其生长发育有重要影响。     

高危儿在顺产与剖腹产中娩出时产生糖代谢紊乱的研究分析

目的分析高危儿在顺产与剖腹产中娩出时血糖的特点,探讨防治糖代谢紊乱路径。方法选取2013年12月至2014年6月于广东省连州市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心产科娩出的85例高危儿为研究对象,按娩出方式分为剖腹产组43例,顺产组42例,应用罗氏血糖检测仪分析高危儿娩出后血糖水平(全血血糖低于2.2 mmol/L诊断为低血糖,全血血糖高于7.0 mmol/L诊断为高血糖),并针对血糖异常制定糖代谢紊乱预防方案,比较两组出生后24 h内的血糖水平。结果顺产组糖代谢紊乱率11.9%显著低于剖腹产组30.2%(P0.05);娩出时剖腹产新生儿脐血的血糖(2.14±0.37)mmol/L明显低于顺产组(2.63±0.59)mmol/L(P0.05),出生后24 h内剖腹产组血糖水平与顺产组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论剖宫产高危儿较容易发生血糖异常,出现糖代谢紊乱,故在高危儿出生后应及时监测血糖变化,并采取措施防治血糖异常引起的糖代谢紊乱。     

维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅水平与环境因素的相关性研究

为了解乌鲁木齐地区维汉孕妇及新生儿脐血铅现状及相关的影响因素 ,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法 ,于 2 0 0 0年 3月～ 9月 ,对新疆医科大学第一附属医院及妇幼保健院正常产妇静脉血及其新生儿脐血进行了血铅测定 (汉族 80例 ,维吾尔族 5 9例 ) ,并对产妇家庭社会环境等相关因素进行了问卷调查。结果表明 ,1 39例产妇血铅 1 2～ 2 67( 84 91± 4 7 64) μg/L ,新生儿脐血铅 1 0～ 32 9( 65 0 8± 4 3 88) μg/L ,维汉母子血铅高度相关 (r =0 71 4 0 ,0 7898,P <0 0 1 )。其中维族孕妇及新生儿脐血铅均大于汉族 (P <0 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 )。血铅≥ 1 0 0 μg/L的孕妇 5 4例( 38 85 % ) ,新生儿 4 9例 ( 35 2 5 % )。研究发现 ,孕期被动吸烟、家庭成员接触铅、家庭周围有铅污染工厂、住址靠马路、母职业、文化程度、孕期补钙、家庭人均收入、母上班乘公共汽车时间等是影响胎儿铅暴露的因素。结论 :本组维汉孕妇及新生儿血铅值有差异 ,且和环境因素有关 ,新生儿铅中毒有一定比例 ,应引起高度重视     

产母及新生儿血铅水平及影响因素的研究

为了解佛山市产母、新生儿血铅水平及其相关影响因素 ,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法 ,于 2 0 0 2年 5～ 9月 ,取本院产科产母静脉血及其新生儿脐血 1 5 2例 ,进行血铅、钙、锌、铁、铜和锰水平测定 ,按妇幼保健管理卡内容 ,进行相关记录。结果表明 ,产母血铅水平90 1± 3 4 8μg/L ,BPb≥ 1 0 0 μg/L者占 2 0 3 9% ;新生儿脐血铅水平 89 2± 3 1 6μg/L ,铅中毒率为2 2 3 7% ;母子血铅值呈显著正相关 (r=0 85 7,P <0 0 1 ) ,产母血铅值与其血钙、铁值显著负相关 (r=0 2 66,-0 3 0 1 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;城郊产母及新生儿血铅水平显著高于城区。揭示市郊孕妇、新生儿血铅较高 ,血钙、锌、铁含量影响血铅水平     

BPA在Na-MMT-CMC/GCE修饰电极上的电化学行为与检测

用循环伏安法和方波溶出伏安法研究了双酚A(BPA)在Na-MMT-CMC/GCE修饰电极上的电化学行为,并建立了一种检测BPA的电化学方法.实验表明:在pH 11.27的B-R缓冲溶液中,在0.42 V处出现一灵敏度高、峰形好的氧化峰.在优选的实验条件下,BPA浓度在6.0 ～80 μmol/L范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为0.24 μmol/L,运用该法用于BPA回收率的测定取得令人满意的结果.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.