有限元强度折减系数法在北门沟坡滑坡稳定性评价中的应用

利用有限元强度折减系数法求得的滑坡安全稳定性系数进行北门沟滑坡稳定性评价。通过强度折减,当滑坡达到不稳定状态时,有限元计算不再收敛,此时的折减系数就是滑坡的安全稳定性系数。经计算,可以得到滑坡体破坏形式和破坏扩张趋势,有助于对滑体破坏机制的理解。计算表明,有限元强度折减法与传统刚体极限平衡法计算的稳定性系数很接近,这为滑坡稳定性评价提供了另一条途径。     

叶轮机内部流场的修正Taylor—Galerkin（MDTGFE）有限元法

首先改进了ＴＧＦＥ的基本假设考虑前后时间步之间的非线性效应，对流函数－涡量方程进行有限元离散，得到了修正Ｔａｙｌｏｒ－Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ算法的有限元离散公式。采用这种方法，我们计算了后台阶绕流流动。另外，还用本方法的思想计算了叶轮机内部准三元流动。     

二维翼型亚临界定常流动的有限元计算

本文使用了曲四边形Ｈｅｒｍｉｔｅ等参元，通过变分有限元法，计算了二维翼型亚临界定常位势流动中的压力分布，数值计算结果与试验结果符合较好。文中还使用了有限元法中的局部线性化理论，插值出元素中心点密度去处理迭代过程中元素系数阵的计算，其结果与通常的有限元法计算相一致，但计算时间却大大减少了。     

求解定常势流正命题的全时-空变分有限元法

非定常流动变分原理的建立使得用有限元法来求解多工况点的设计问题成为可能。本文在刘高联的非定常变分理论的基础上，对定常变分问题进行时间相关有限元求解。但由于可压缩非定常位势流动的控制方程是双曲型的，简单地把时间当作同空间一样的物理维来求解是不可行的。而现有的时-空有限元法极其复杂，增加了计算复杂度，使其很难用于工程设计中。为此，文[2、3]提出了求解一维非定常问题的新型时-空有限元法。本文把该方法推广到二维流动，用它求解二维弯管内的流动和翼型绕流问题。计算结果与用定常方法求得的结果几乎重合，说明该方法可以用于多维时间相关求解。     

有限元模型中等值面的快速体绘制算法

本文提出了一种基于光线投射技术显示有限元模型中的等值面的体绘制新算法,通过预处理中生成的特殊结构,可在等值面生成时快速排除模型中不包含等值面的单元。在应用体绘制时采用了图象平面分割技术及光线路径的特殊颜色合成方法,加速了有限元模型中的等值面的绘制。实例表明算法结果正确有效。     

基于单位分解的新型有限元方法研究

本文对基于单位分解概念的新型有限元方法具有一些新的特点进行了研究。这些新的特点包括自由度全部定义在单元顶点上,不同于传统的非协调和协调P型有限元方法自由度主要定义在单位区域内,因此很便于P型方法的实施;网格畸变度对解的不敏感性较传统有限元有了很大改进。此外,Dirichlet边界条件的处理与有限元是完全相同的,非常便利。论文分析了几个平面弹性问题：R.L.Tayor高阶分片试验和受拉弯剪切的平面悬臂梁,Cook悬臂T形板等,得到了满意的数值结果。     

膜-基复合材料界面剪应力分析的影响系数法

提出了一种计算膜 基复合材料界面剪应力的新方法。将薄膜、基体分别作为二维和三维问题进行有限元计算 ,利用影响系数 ,以剪应力为未知量 ,求出同一点处薄膜、基体的位移。通过薄膜、基体在界面上位移相等的条件建立线性方程组 ,联立求解 ,计算出界面剪应力。结果表明 ,本文提出的方法思路清晰 ,易于实现 ,精度令人满意 ,为膜 基复合材料结构强度分析提供了一种新的途径     

Numerical solutions for solute transport in unconfined aquifers

Two numerical methods for solving the problem of solute transport in unsteady flow in unconfined aquifers are studied. They are the method of characteristics (MOC) based on the finite difference method (FDM), and the finite element method (FEM). The FEM is further subdivided into four schemes: moving mesh, pseudo-Lagrangian (FEM1); stationary mesh, pseudo-Lagrangian (FEM2); pseudo saturated-unsaturated, Eulerian (FEM3); and non-stationary element, Eulerian (FEM4). Experiments on a one-dimensional flow case are performed to illustrate the schemes and to determine the effect of discretization on accuracy. In two-dimensional flow the above methods are compared with experimental results from a sand box model. Results indicate that for a similar degree of accuracy, the FEM requires less computational effort than the MOC. Among the four FEM schemes, FEM4 appears to be most attractive as it is the most efficient and most convenient to apply.     

BEM–FEM coupling for the analysis of flexible propellers in non-uniform flows and validation with full-scale measurements

The first part of the paper presents a partitioned fluid–structure interaction (FSI) coupling for the non-uniform flow hydro-elastic analysis of highly flexible propellers in cavitating and non-cavitating conditions. The chosen fluid model is a potential flow solved with a boundary element method (BEM). The structural sub-problem has been modelled with a finite element method (FEM). In the present method, the fully partitioned framework allows one to use another flow or structural solver. An important feature of the present method is the time periodic way of solving the FSI problem. In a time periodic coupling, the coupling iterations are not performed per time step but on a periodic level, which is necessary for the present BEM–FEM coupling, but can also offer an improved convergence rate compared to a time step coupled method. Thus, it allows to solve the structural problem in the frequency domain, meaning that any transients, which slow down the convergence process, are not computed. As proposed in the method, the structural equations of motion can be solved in modal space, which allows for a model reduction by involving only a limited number of mode shapes.The second part of the paper includes a validation study on full-scale. For the full-scale validation study a purposely designed composite propeller with a diameter of 1 m has been manufactured. Also an underwater measurement set-up including a stereo camera system, remote control of the optics and illumination system has been developed. The propeller design and the underwater measurement set-up are described in the paper. During sea trials blade deflections have been measured in three different positions. A comparison between measured and calculated torque shows that the measured torque is much larger than computed. This is attributed to the differences between effective and nominal wakefields, where the latter one has been used for the calculations. To correct for the differences between measured and computed torque the calculated pressures have been amplified accordingly. In that way the deformations which have been computed with the BEM–FEM coupling for non-uniform flows became very similar to the measured results.     

Modelling of the micromechanical behaviour of unidirectional fibre-reinforced ceramics by the example of SiC/SiC

Summary The modelling of the mechanical properties of a substructure, based on the properties of the individual phases and their interactions, is presented on the example of the unidirectional SiC fibre-reinforced SiC composite. The substructure is selected in such a way that the total structure can be modelled from a wide number of substructures. The numerical evaluation of the model is accomplished by means of the finite element method (FEM). Finally, in numerical simulations of a particular example, the statistically verified events of damage in the substructure are described.     

三维Cosserat连续体模型与微结构尺寸相关效应的有限元分析

分析了三维Cosserat连续体理论中的应力应变特征,推导了三维Cosserat连续体的有限元方程,基于ABAQUS计算软件提供的用户单元子程序(UEL)接口编写了弹性Cosserat连续体三维20节点有限元程序,并分析了微悬臂梁自由端的挠度问题和微杆扭转问题。通过与基于经典连续体理论的解析解及有限元数值计算结果进行比较,表明所发展的三维Cosserat连续体有限元能有效地模拟微结构尺寸相关效应问题,即随着微结构尺寸与材料内部长度参数的接近,基于Cosserat连续体有限元分析得到的微梁的挠度以及微杆的转角与经典连续体的解析解及有限元解相比越来越小;反之,Cosserat连续体有限元的计算结果与经典连续体的解析解及有限元数值解较为一致。     

一种特殊设计约束面的有限元网格优化问题

网格设计质量的优劣是有限元分析的关键，对一些特殊的设计约束面，网格的优化设计是建模时需要首先研究解决的问题，本文对两种材料在几何尺寸差异很大情况下的有限元网格进行了优化设计并对其进行了讨论。     

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS OF SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS METHOD AND ITS COUPLING WITH FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

拉格朗日型的有限元法和光滑粒子法在模拟材料大变形问题时各存优缺点, 而有限元与光滑粒子耦合算法实现了在小变形区域采用有限元法计算, 在局部的大变形区域采用光滑粒子法计算, 有效地综合了有限元法计算效率高和光滑粒子法能够自然地模拟材料大变形问题的特点.重点论述了有限元法、光滑粒子法以及有限元与光滑粒子耦合算法的研究现状及应用进展, 并讨论了各方法中需要进一步解决的问题.最后通过算例对3种方法的计算精度和计算效率进行了分析, 供研究人员参考.     

A point assembly method for stress analysis for two-dimensional solids

A novel point assembly method (PAM) is presented for stress analysis for two-dimensional solids. In the present method, the boundaries of the problem domain are represented by a set of discrete points, and the domain itself is represented by properly scattered points. The displacement in the influence triangular areas of a point is interpolated by the displacements at the point and pairs of surrounding points using shape functions. The shape functions used in this work are obtained in the same way as those of a triangular element in the conventional finite element method (FEM). A variational (weak) form of the equilibrium equation is used to produce a set of system equations. These equations are assembled for all the points in the domain, and solved for the displacement field. Stresses and strains at a point are then computed using the displacements obtained for the point and pairs of the surrounding points. A PAM program with an automatic point-searching algorithm has been developed in fortran. Patch tests and convergence studies have been carried out to verify the convergence of the present method and program. Examples are also presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method compared with analytical solutions as well as the conventional FEM solutions.     

自适应有限元方法及其工程应用

自适应有限元方法是一种能通过自适应分析自动调整算法以改进求解过程的数值方法．它以常规有限元法为基础,以误差估计和自适应网格改进技术为核心,是一种效率高、可靠性高的计算方法．文中简要介绍并综述了自适应有限元方法的重要发展及应用情况．并对其发展前景作了概要的预测      

A comparison of boundary element and finite element methods for modeling axisymmetric polymeric drop deformation

A modified boundary element method (BEM) and the DEVSS‐G finite element method (FEM) are applied to model the deformation of a polymeric drop suspended in another fluid subjected to start‐up uniaxial extensional flow. The effects of viscoelasticity, via the Oldroyd‐B differential model, are considered for the drop phase using both FEM and BEM and for both the drop and matrix phases using FEM. Where possible, results are compared with the linear deformation theory. Consistent predictions are obtained among the BEM, FEM, and linear theory for purely Newtonian systems and between FEM and linear theory for fully viscoelastic systems. FEM and BEM predictions for viscoelastic drops in a Newtonian matrix agree very well at short times but differ at longer times, with worst agreement occurring as critical flow strength is approached. This suggests that the dominant computational advantages held by the BEM over the FEM for this and similar problems may diminish or even disappear when the issue of accuracy is appropriately considered. Fully viscoelastic problems, which are only feasible using the FEM formulation, shed new insight on the role of viscoelasticity of the matrix fluid in drop deformation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reference-free mixed FE-MBS approach for beam structures with constraints

In this paper, an efficient way to simulate elastic beam structures with large translations and deformations is derived. The formulation is close to classical multi-body system (MBS) formulations and makes use of two coordinate sets: One providing equations of motion in a compact form and one for the coupling of single elements to one finite-element structure. Therefore, a coordinate transformation is needed. Constraints within the structure are considered following the common formulations of MBSs. Both uni- and bilateral constraints can be modelled. The system is extended to impacts on the structure. The model is validated by a comparison to a classical FEM model. A beam under different loads is given as an example especially for the treatment of constraints and impacts.     

随机有限元及其工程应用

本文较全面地对随机有限元（包括随机场的离散）的各种方法进行了述评,简述了基于随机有限元的可靠度计算方法,介绍了随机有限元在实际工程中的应用情况,最后对随机有限元的发展前景、发展方向提出了看法。      

组合结构有限元模型的分步实验校正

本文从结构有限元建模实际情况出发，提出了一个组合结构有限元分析模型的分步实验校正方法。分析模型的误差主要归于两类：一是某些子结构因局部形状复杂；经过分简化而引起。二是各子结构间连接参数估计不准而引起。为此，建议分步校正，先利用子结构动态实验数据，修正子系统阵中与简化处相关的局部物理参数，再由组合结构的动态实验数据，修正子结构间连接参数，从而完成整体有限元模型的修正。导出了修正公式，给出了修正算法。     

简支梁大变形的优化算法

提出一种求解几何非线性问题的优化算法,并研究了简支梁的几何非线性大变形问题。首先取简支梁大变形后的平衡状态为研究对象,分别创建它的变分模型和微分模型;然后基于微分模型,通过动坐标的迭代关系式求得微段端点坐标,构建微段端点未知坐标的目标函数;最后确定简支梁几何非线性大变形的最优化问题,并编制相应优化程序进行求解。通过分析典型算例,并同有限元方法的计算结果相比较,表明提出的优化算法在求解强几何非线性大变形问题中的正确性,为处理几何非线性大变形问题提供了一种新方法。