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1.
1,2-Butadiene diluted with Ar was heated behind reflected shock waves over the temperature and the total density range of 1100–1600 K and 1.36 × 10?5 ? 1.75 × 10?5 mol/cm3. The major products were 1,3-butadiene, 1-butyne, 2-butyne, vinylacetylene, diacetylene, allene, propyne, C2H6, C2H4, CH4, and benzene, which were analyzed by gas chromatography. The UV kinetic absorption spectroscopy at 230 nm showed that 1,2-butadiene rapidly isomerizes to 1,3-butadiene from the initial stage of the reaction above 1200 K. In order to interpret the formation of 1,3-butadiene, 1-butyne, and 2-butyne, it was necessary to include the parallel isomerizations of 1,2-butadiene to these isomers. The present data were successfuly modeled with a 82 reaction mechanism. From the modeling, rate constant expressions were derived for the isomerization 1,2-butadiene = 1,3-butadiene to be k3 = 2.5 × 1013 exp(?63 kcal/RT) s?1 and for the decomposition 1,2-butadiene = C3H3 + CH3 to be k6 = 2.0 × 1015 exp(?75 kcal/RT) s?1, where the activation energies, 63 kcal/mol and 75 kcal/mol, were assumed. These rate constants are only applicable under the present experimental conditions, 1100–1600 K and 1.23–2.30 atm. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

The chemistry of the novel phospha-alkenes RP[dbnd]CR'2, and phospha-alkynes, RC[tbnd]P, containing 2pπ-3pπ bonds is of current interest.1,2 Recent molecular orbital calculations,3,4 suggest that the highest occupied molecular orbital in CH2[dbnd]PH is of the π-type with the phosphorus lone pair ó-orbital only slightly more stable while the π? lumo orbital is relatively low lying. We now report He (I) photoelectron spectroscopic studies on a variety of RC[tbnd]P molecules5,6 which indicate that the homo is also of the π-type and the π-σ separation is much greater than that found in the analogous RC[tbnd]N systems.  相似文献   

3.
Although diradicals and azaacenes have been greatly attractive in fundamental chemistry and functional materials, the isolable diradical dianions of azaacenes are still unknown. Herein, we describe the first isolation of pyrene-fused azaacene diradical dianion salts [(18-c-6)K(THF)2]+[(18-c-6)K]+⋅ 1 2−.. and [(18-c-6)K(THF)]2+⋅ 2 2−.. by reduction of the neutral pyrene-fused azaacene derivatives 1 and 2 with excess potassium graphite in THF in the presence of 18-crown-6. Their electronic structures were investigated by various experiments, in conjunction with theoretical calculations. It was found that both dianions are open-shell singlets in the ground state and their triplet states are thermally readily accessible owing to the small singlet–triplet energy gap. This work provides the first examples of crystalline diradical dianions of azaacenes with considerable diradical character.  相似文献   

4.
The one-electron reduction of indeno[2,1-a]fluorene-11,12-dione ( IF ) with various alkali metals prepare the radical anion salts. The data about different structures, properties, and characterization was obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, and physical property measurement system (PPMS). Compound IF .−K+(18-c-6) is regarded as a one-dimensional magnetic chain through C−H⋅⋅⋅C interaction. Theoretical calculations and magnetic results showed that [ IF .−K+(15-c-5)]2 is a dimer with an open-shell ground state. Compounds IF .−Na+(15-c-5) and IF .−K+(cryptand) are monoradical anion salts: IF 2.−Li+ possesses unique π-stack structure with an interplanar separation less than 3.46 Å, making it a semiconductor (δRT=1.9×10−4 S ⋅ cm−1). This work gives insights into multifunctional radical anions, and describes the design and development of different functional radicals.  相似文献   

5.
The small di- and triatomic molecules [SN]+ and [SNS]+ have shown versatile chemistries and [SNS]+ is an important starting reagent for many sulfur-nitrogen radicals. However, their chemistry is limited to the more polar solvents (e.g. SO2). In this work an attempt is made to increase their solubility in less polar solvents by exchange of the usual [MF6] (M = As, Sb) anions by the large and weakly coordinating [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]. As expected the metathesis reactions of [SN][AsF6] and [SNS][SbF6] with Li[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] in liquid sulfur dioxide resulted in the formation of the insoluble Li[SbF6], which is the driving force for these metathesis reactions. The characterization of the compounds by IR and multinuclear NMR revealed that [SNS]+ formed a [Al(OC(CF3)3)4] salt in a clean reaction. A preliminary crystal structure of [SNS][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] is presented. The solubility of [SNS][Al(OC(CF3)3)4] in CH2Cl2 is significantly increased with respect to the corresponding [MF6] salts, and potentially opens up new areas of [SNS]+ chemistry. The reaction of the more reactive [SN]+ with Li[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] was less clear. Multinuclear NMR and IR spectra were consistent with the formation of [SN][Al(OC(CF3)3)4], which also showed significant decomposition.  相似文献   

6.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a 1,3-Diphosphino-2,4-diphospha-1,3-disilacyclobutane Pentamethylcyclopentadienyltrichlorosilane reacts with Li[Al(PH2)4] to give the stable 1,3-diphosphino-2,4-diphospha-1,3-disilacyclobutane 4 . Treatment of 4 with Lithium alkyls affords the Lithium phosphide 5 via regiospecific metalation of a ring phosphorus atom, and reaction with t-Bu2Hg proceeds via oxidative P? P bond formation to yield the 1,4-disila-2,3,5,6-tetraphospha-bicyclo[2,1,1]-hexane 6 . Cleavage of pentamethylcyclopentadiene is observed during thermolysis of 4 at 200°C. 4–6 were characterised by NMR-spectroscopy, and 4 by an additional crystal structure determination.  相似文献   

7.
The elusive phosphinidene-chlorotetrylenes, [PGeCl] and [PSiCl] have been stabilized by the hetero-bileptic cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC), N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, and isolated in the solid state at room temperature as the first neutral monomeric species of this class with the general formulae (L)P-ECl(L′) (E=Ge, 3 a – 3 c ; E=Si, 6 ; L=cAAC; L′=NHC). Compounds 3 a – 3 c have been synthesized by the reaction of cAAC-supported potassium phosphinidenides [cAAC=PK(THF)x]n ( 1 a – 1 c ) with the adduct NHC:→GeCl2 ( 2 ). Similarly, compound 6 has been synthesized via reaction of 1 a with NHC:→SiCl2 adduct ( 4 ). Compounds 3 a – 3 c , and 6 have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometric analysis. DFT calculations revealed that the heteroatom P in 3 bears two lone pairs; the non-bonding pair with 67.8 % of s- and 32 % of p character, whereas the other lone pair is involved in π backdonation to the CcAAC-N π* of cAAC. The Ge atom in 3 contains a lone pair with 80 % of s character, and slightly involved in the π backdonation to CNHC. EDA-NOCV analyses showed that two charged doublet fragments {(cAAC)(NHC)}+, and {PGeCl} prefer to form one covalent electron-sharing σ bond, one dative σ bond, one dative π bond, and a charge polarized weak π bond. The covalent electron-sharing σ bond contributes to the major stabilization energy to the total orbital interaction energy of 3 , enabling the first successful isolations of this class of compounds ( 3 , 6 ) in the laboratory.  相似文献   

8.
The cyclization of unsymmetrical 2-mercaptoimidazoles with aliphatic and aromatic ketones has been studied. Using 1H NMR and X-ray analysis it has been shown that 4-R1-1H-2-mercaptoimidazoles undergo selective oxidative cyclization to the corresponding 3-R3-2-R2-6-R1-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoles while 6-R4-1H-2-mercaptobenzo[d]imidazoles give a mixture of 6-R4-3-R2-2-R3-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole and 7-R4-3-R2-2-R3-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in the ratio 1: 1. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 115–122, January, 2007.  相似文献   

9.
Hydrocarbon‐bridged Metal Complexes. XLIX. Coordination Chemistry of Bis(ferrocenyl) substituted 1,3 Diketonates with Ruthenium, Rhodium, Iridium, and Palladium The reactions of the enolates of diferrocenoylmethane and of spacer bridged bis‐, tris‐ and tetrakis(ferrocenoyl)‐1,3‐diketones with chlorobridged compounds [(R3P)PdCl2]2, [(η3‐C3H5)PdCl]2, [(p‐cymene)RuCl2]2, [Cp*MCl2]2 (M = Rh, Ir) give a series of mono‐, bis‐, tris‐ and tetrakis(chelate) complexes 2 – 18 . The structures of (Ph3P)(Cl)Pd[OC(Fe)CHC(Fc)O] ( 3 ) and (Tol3P)(Cl) · Pd[OC(Fc)CHC(O)–C(O)CHC(Fc)O]Pd(Cl)(PTol3) ( 11 ) were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The methine H atom of diferrocenoylmethane and of 3 was substituted by bromine using N‐bromosuccinimide. The electrophilic glycine equivalent α‐bromo‐N‐boc‐glycine ester was added to the methine C‐atom (C3) of diferrocenoylmethane and the product was used as O,O′ chelate ligand.  相似文献   

10.
1,3-Butadiene (1,3-C4H6) was heated behind reflected shock waves over the temperature range of 1200–1700 K and the total density range of 1.3 × 10−5 −2.9 × 10−5 mol/cm3. Reaction products were analyzed by gas-chromatography. The concentration change of 1,3-butadiene was followed by UV kinetic absorption spectroscopy at 230 nm and by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The major products were C2H2, C2H4, C4H4, and CH4. The yield of CH4 for a 0.5% 1,3-C4H6 in Ar mixture was more than 10% of the initial 1.3-C4H6 concentration above 1500 K. In order to interpret the formation of CH4 successfully, it was necessary to include the isomerization of 1,3-C4H6 to 1,2-butadiene (1,2-C4H6) and to include subsequent decomposition of the 1,2-C4H6 to C3H3 and CH3. The present data and other shock tube data reported over a wide pressure range were qualitatively modeled with a 89 reaction mechanism, which included the isomerizations of 1,3-C4H6 to 1,2-C4H6 and 2-butyne (2-C4H6). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

11.
Under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide (CO), a (phosphino)diazomethyl anion salt [[P]-CN2][K(18-C-6)(THF)] ( 1 ) ([P]=[(CH2)(NDipp)]2P; 18-C-6=18-crown-6; Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) undergoes a facile N2/CO exchange reaction giving the (phosphino)ketenyl anion salt [[P]-CCO][K(18-C-6)] ( 2 ). Oxidation of 2 with elemental Se affords the (selenophosphoryl)ketenyl anion salt [P](Se)-CCO][K(18-C-6)] ( 3 ). These ketenyl anions feature a strongly bent geometry at the P-bound carbon and this carbon atom is highly nucleophilic. The electronic structure of the ketenyl anion [[P]-CCO] of 2 is examined by theoretical studies. Reactivity investigations demonstrate 2 as a versatile synthon for derivatives of ketene, enolate, acrylate and acrylimidate moieties.  相似文献   

12.
Summary The enamine-type methylene-N-heterocycles1–5 react with cyclic 2-ethoxymethylene-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds6 to give 2-[2-(hetarylidene)ethylidene]-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds7–14. The result of the reactions between 1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-methylene-quinoline (1a) and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds depends on the nature of the dihydro intermediatesA/B. Dehydrogenation of keton intermediatesA results in 2-(1,2-dimethyl-4(1H)-quinolylidene)-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds17–21. Enol intermediatesB with 6-membered dicarbonyl ring form 6,12-methano-dibenz-[d,g][1,3]oxazocinones22–25.1H NMR spectra and X-ray structure analysis prove the structure of23.
Reaktionen cyclischer 1,3-Dicarbonylverbindungen mit 1,2(1,4)-Dihydro-1-methyl-2(4)-methylen-N-heterocyclen. Ein neuer Zugang zu 6,12-Methano- dibenz[d,g][1,3]oxazocinonen
Zusammenfassung Aufgrund ihres Enamincharakters reagieren die Methylen-N-heterocyclen1–5 mit cyclischen 2-Ethoxymethylen-1,3-dicarbonylverbindungen6 zu den 2-[2-(Hetaryliden)ethyliden]-1,3-dicarbonylverbindungen7–14. Das Ergebnis der Reaktionen zwischen 1,2-Dihydro-1-methyl-2-methylen-chinolin (1a) und cyclischen 1,3-Dicarbonylverbindungen hängt von der Natur der zwischenzeitlich entstehenden DihydroverbindungenA/B ab. Die Intermediat-KetoneA gehen durch Dehydrierung während der Reaktion in die 2-(1,2-Dimethyl-4(1H)chinolyliden)-1,3-dicarbonylverbindungen17–21 über. Die Intermediat-EnoleB mit sechsgliedrigem Dicarbonylring bilden in intramolekularer Reaktion die 6,12-Methano-dibenz[d,g][1,3]oxazocinone22–25, deren Struktur am Beispiel der Verbindung23 durch1H-NMR sowie durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse bewiesen wird.
  相似文献   

13.
1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretanes and 1,3-Diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane: Synthesis and Structure as well as Calculations on the Molecular Structure On the Effect of Substituents on the Structure of 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane [2 + 2]-Cyclocondensation reactions led to the synthesis of the 1,2-diphospha-3,4-diboretanes [(t-BuP)2B2(NMe2)2], 1 a , and [(t-BuP)2B(NMe2)B(NiPr2)], 1 b . Their molecular structures have been determined by X-ray methods, and these are compared with the structure of [(t-Bu)P? BN(iPr2)]2, 2 a . Compounds 1 show a folded B2P2 four membered ring having tert.-butyl groups in anti-positions. Ab initio calculations on 1,2-diphospha-3,4-diboretanes demonstrate that two conformers with anti-orientation of the substituents at the phosphorus atoms can be expected. These differ by the relative orientation of the almost planar P2BR groups to the BP2 plane. The influence of substituents (H and NH2 at the B atoms, and H and Me at the P atoms) on the ring conformation has been studied. Finally, the first derivative of a 1,3-diphospha-2,4,5-triborolane, 3 a , is reported.  相似文献   

14.
The reaction of 4-oxo-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)hydrazone-1,3-thiazin-6-methyl carboxylate 2 with hydrazine hydrate in methanol gave 4-oxo-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)hydrazone-1,3-thiazin-6-carbonylhydrazine 3. Furthermore, the reaction of 3 with carbon disulfide and then hydrazine hydrate afforded 3-[6-(4-amino-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4-oxo-1,3-thiazin-2-yl] hydrazone-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one 5. the latest reacted with DMAD to give {6-hydroxy-3-[4-oxo-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)hydrazone-1,3-thiazin-6yl]-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-7-ylidene}methoxycarbonylmethylene 6.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

A simple, efficient, and practical procedure for the synthesis of various substituted 2,3-dihydro-2-phenyl-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazines and 3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-2H-naphtho[2,1-e][1,3]oxazines using KAl(SO4)2 12H2O (alum) as a non-toxic, reusable, inexpensive, and easily available catalyst is described using water as a solvent. These improved reaction conditions allow the preparation of a wide variety of substituted [1,3]oxazines in high yields and purity under mild reaction conditions.  相似文献   

16.
Syntheses are described of a number of 2,6‐difunctionalized dimethylsilylbenzenes, namely, 1‐(HMe2Si)‐2,6‐Cl2C6H3 ( 13 ), 1‐(HMe2Si)‐2,6‐Br2C6H3 ( 14 ), 1,2,3‐(HMe2Si)3C6H3 ( 15 ), 1,2‐(HMe2Si)2‐6‐ClC6H3 ( 16 ), 1,2‐(HMe2Si)2‐6‐BrC6H3 ( 17 ), 1‐(HMe2Si)‐2‐(Ph2P)‐6‐BrC6H3 ( 18 ), diphenyl(1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐dihydrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadisilol‐4‐yl)phosphine oxide ( 19 ) and 8‐Brom‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐2,2,2,2,‐tetracarbonyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐benzo[d][2,1,3]ferra disilol ( 20 ). Compounds 13 – 20 were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in case of 18 – 20 also by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.  相似文献   

17.
Olefin-diene copolymerizations in the presence of C2 symmetric zirconocene rac-[CH2(3-tert-butyl-1-indenyl)2]ZrCl2/MAO catalytic system have been reported and rationalized by experimental and molecular modeling studies. Ethene gives 1,2-cyclopropane and 1,2-cyclopentane, 1,3-cyclobutane, and 1,3-cyclopentane units in copolymerization with 1,3-butadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, and 1,5-hexadiene, respectively. Propene-1,3-butadiene copolymerizations lead to 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene units and to a low amount of 1,2-cyclopropane units.  相似文献   

18.
The cationic polymerizations of dimethyl-1,3-butadienes with various catalysts in methylene chloride and toluene have been investigated. The activity of catalysts decreased in the order WCl6 > AcClO4 > SnCl4·TCA > BF3OEt2. The homopolymerization rate of dimethyl-1,3-butadienes with WCl6, AcClO4, and SnCl4·TCA decreased in the order 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene > 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene > 1,2-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene > 2,4-hexadiene. The polymers prepared with WCl6, SnCl4.TCA, and BF3OEt2 were rubberlike polymers or white powders, whereas those prepared with AcClO4 were oily oligomers. The 1,4-propagation increased in the order 1,2-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene < 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene < 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene < 2,4-hexadiene. This order may indicate that the steric effect of methyl group determine primarily the microstructure of the polymer. The relative reactivity of dimethyl-1,3-butadienes toward a styryl cation decreased in the order 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene > 1,2-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene > 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene > 2,4-hexadiene. This order may be explained in terms of the stability of the resulting allylic cation.  相似文献   

19.
Contributions tot he Chemistry of Phosphorus. 148. Synthesis and Properties of the 1,2-Diphospha-3,4-diboretane (t-BuP)2(BNMe2)2 The first 1, 2-diphospha-3,4-diboretane (1,2-diphospha-3, 4-diboracyclobutane) (t-BuP)2(BNMe2)(1) was prepared by [2+2] cyclocondensation of K(t-Bu)P? P(t-Bu)K with Cl(Me2N)B? B(NMe2)Cl. 1 could be isolated in the pure state and was NMR spectroscopically characterized as a compound with a planar P2 B2 ring skeleton.  相似文献   

20.
The homoleptic 1,3-diphosphacyclobutadiene sandwich complex [Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2] behaved as a versatile and highly flexible metalloligand toward Ni2+, Ru2+, Rh+, and Pd2+ cations, forming a range of unusual oligonuclear compounds. The reaction of [K(thf)2{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2}] with [Ni2Cp3]BF4 initially afforded the σ-complex [CpNi{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2}(thf)] ( 2 ), which converted into [Co(η4-CpNi{1,3-P2C2tBu2PC})(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)] ( 3 ) below room temperature. The structure of 3 contains an unprecedented 1,4-diphospha-2-nickelacyclopentadiene moiety formed by an oxidative addition of a ligand P−C bond onto nickel. At elevated temperatures, 3 isomerized to [Co(η4-CpNi{1,4-P2C2tBu22P,P})(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)] ( 4 ), which features a 1,3-diphospha-2-nickelacyclopentadiene unit. Transmetalation of [K(thf)2{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2}] with [Cp*RuCl]4 (Cp*=C5Me5) afforded tetranuclear [(Cp*Ru)3(μ-Cl)2{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2}] ( 5 ), in which the [Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2] anion acts as a chelate ligand toward Ru2+. The diphosphido complex [(Cp*Ru)2(μ,η2-P2)(μ,η2-C2tBu2)] ( 6 ) was formed as a byproduct. Pure compound 6 was isolated after prolonged heating of the reaction mixture. The reaction of [K(thf)2{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2R2)2}] (R=tBu; adamantyl, Ad) with [RhCl(cod)]2 (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) afforded unprecedented π-complexes [Rh(cod){Co(η4-1,3-P2C2R2)2}] ( 7 : R=tBu; 8 : R=Ad), in which one μ:η44-P2C2R2 ligand bridges two metal atoms. The pentanuclear complex [Pd3(PPh3)2{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2}2] ( 10 ), featuring a Pd3 chain and a rare 1,4-diphospha-2-butene ligand, was synthesized by reacting [K(thf)2{Co(η4-1,3-P2C2tBu2)2}] with cis-PdCl2(PPh3)2. The redox properties of selected compounds were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, whereas DFT calculations gave additional insight into the electronic structures. The results of this study revealed several remarkable and previously unrecognized properties of the [Co(P2C2tBu2)2] anion.  相似文献   

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