Characterization of Carbamate Pesticides in Natural Water from Cameroon

With the increased use of chemicals in agriculture for crop protection and improvement of yield, the contamination of water is currently a serious health concern. This study used solid-phase extraction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate the presence of 23 carbamate pesticides in waters from Cameroon. The separation was achieved in 5.5?min using a C₁₈ column (50?×?2.1?mm, 1.8?µm) with a mobile phase composed of water and methanol each containing 0.01% formic acid. The analytes were determined in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The recoveries for fortified water were from 75 to 99%, with relative standard deviations below 13%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.003 to 0.397?µg?L^?1. The reported method is simple, sensitive, and accurate, and is a suitable alternative for routine monitoring of pesticide residues at ultra-trace levels. The analysis revealed the presence of propoxur at a concentration of 0.072?µg?L^?1 in stream water.     

蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留联合检测方法

有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药是蔬菜生产中常用的杀虫剂,我国70%的有机磷杀虫剂是剧毒、高毒农药。农药如果使用不当,不但药效不好,还会发生药害,污染环境,造成人畜中毒。因此,加强对农药残留的监控,禁止农药残留超标的蔬菜进入市场,确保消费安全已成为当务之急。本文报道用毛细管气相色谱法测定蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的联合检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定银杏中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了银杏叶中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的超高效液相色谱一串联质谱测定方法。样品经乙腈提取,TPT固相萃取柱净化,通过XTerra MS Cl8色谱柱分离,供串联质谱测定。15种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0．02-0．5mg／L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0．9962-0．9999;在0．004,0．01,0．02,0．04mg／kg4个添加水平下,其平均回收率为65．22％-96．66％,相对标准偏差为1．43％-10．06％（n=5）。该方法净化效果好、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足银杏叶中15种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的检验要求。     

用固相萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定烟草中氨基甲酸酯农药残留量

用Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ小柱固相萃取分离纯化、气相色谱定性同时测定烟草中五种氨基甲酸酯类农药（西维因、叶蝉散、速灭威、呋喃丹、灭多威）。用ＯＶ－１０１毛纪管色谱柱为分离柱,火焰原子检测器（ＦＩＤ）检测。五种农药在１２ｍｉｎ内得到很好分离。线性范围１～２５ｇ／ｍＬ,最低检测限１１～１６ｎｇ。回收率范围为８５．０％～１０３．２％。     

烟草中氨基甲酸酯农药残留量在卷烟烟气中捕集转移率的测定

用Florsil小柱固相萃取分离纯化、气相色谱定性定量同时测定卷烟中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药（西维因、叶蝉散、速灭威、呋喃丹、灭多威）在卷烟烟气中的捕集转移率（CSE）。用OV－101毛细管色谱柱为分离柱,FID（火焰离子检测器）检测。5种农药在12min内得到很好分离。线性范围1－25mg/L,检出限11－16ng。CSE分别为4．3％－10％。     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中19种氨基甲酸酯类农药的残留量

均质后的蔬菜样品用乙腈提取,SPE-NH2固相萃取小柱净化,采用高效液相色谱法测定净化液中19种氨基甲酸酯类农药的残留量。以PICKERING Carbamate Analysis-C8色谱柱为分离柱,用甲醇和水以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在线柱后衍生后,用荧光检测器进行测定。抗蚜威的激发波长为339nm,发射波长为392nm,其余18种氨基甲酸酯类农药的激发波长339nm,发射波长为445nm。19种氨基甲酸酯类农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.002~0.014mg·kg^-1。以空白花菜样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为47.7%~110%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.0%~12%。     

Simultaneous Kinetic Determination of Carbamate Pesticides after Derivatization withp-Aminophenol by Using Partial Least Squares

A method has been developed for the fast spectrophotometric determination of propoxur, carbaryl, and ethiofencarb in water samples using injection analysis in the stopped-flow mode. The method is based on the reaction betweenp-aminophenol and the phenolic compounds obtained from the pesticides, after a previous hydrolysis with 0.05MNaOH at room temperature for 15 min. The partial least-squares treatment of the spectrophotometry kinetic data provides a simultaneous determination of the three carbamate pesticides assayed with a relative accuracy error lower than 5% in complex mixtures also containing formetanate, which is only partially hydrolyzed under the experimental conditions and cannot be determined accurately by the above procedure.     

羟基化多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱测定茶叶中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了羟基化多壁碳纳米管作为吸附剂的改进Qu ECh ERS方法,联合气相色谱-质谱联用法快速检测茶叶中24种有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量。茶叶样品中的农药残留经正己烷-丙酮(2∶1)提取,以羟基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-OH)和N-丙基乙二胺键合固相吸附剂(PSA)吸附提取液中的杂质,提取液离心后过滤,经气相色谱-电子轰击源质谱法测定,外标法定量。研究了不同吸附剂种类、提取溶剂、吸附剂用量对提取净化效率的影响。在优化实验条件下,目标物质在0.01~0.50 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好。空白茶叶样品在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为78.6%~109.6%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.1%~9.3%;方法的定量下限为0.002~0.050 mg/kg。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏、成本低,能满足茶叶中常见有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测要求,特别适合在小型实验室和企业中推广使用。     

Evaluation of Polyaniline as a Sorbent for SPE of a Variety of Polar Pesticides from Water Followed by CD-MEKC-DAD

A recently synthesized polyaniline (PANI) has been used and evaluated as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction of a variety of polar pesticides and some of their degradation products from water samples. Several classes of pesticides including phenoxy acids, triazines, ureas, oxime carbamates and carbamates were selected for this study. The determination of these pesticides was carried out using cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography equipped with diode array detection. The recovery results using PANI were compared with those obtained by C₁₈, Isolute ENV+, Oasis HLB and LiChrolut EN. Effect of humic acid, as a major interference, on extraction recovery was also studied. The performance of the method was evaluated by analysis of tap and river water. The RSD of method was between 6 and 14% (n=3) and detection limits were in the range of 0.01–0.5 g L^–1 using 350-mL water samples.     

高效液相色谱-质谱法分析测定水中氨基甲酸酯

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-质谱法（LC／MS）检测研究了水中氨基甲酸酯农药残留。水样用固相萃取富集净化,环己烷＋乙酸乙酯（1＋1）洗脱;以甲醇-10mmol／L乙酸铵为梯度流动相,Symmetry C18柱高效液相色谱分离。电喷雾正离子模式,选择质子化氨基甲酸酯分子离子[M＋H]^＋为定量离子进行MS测定。结果表明,6种氨基甲酸酯组分的平均加标回收率为73．5％～89．8％;相对标准偏差为4．50％～12．6％;水样浓缩至1／2500后的检出限为0．8～3．2ng／L。本法具有非常高的选择性、灵敏度和准确度,完全能满足水中痕量氨基甲酸酯农残的高灵敏分析。     

在线固相萃取/液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱法同时检测生物样品中18种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了同时测定全血、尿液和肝组织等生物样品中18种氨基甲酸酯类农药的在线固相萃取/液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱(On-line SPE/LC-LIT/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈处理,稀释和离心后直接进样。经Waters OasisHLB在线SPE柱富集纯化,以BETASIL C18柱为分析柱,甲醇-水(均含0.1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱;使用电喷雾电离(ESI)正离子模式测定,扫描方式为选择反应监测(SRM)和连续反应监测(CRM)。18种农药在考察的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(权重因子1/X),相关系数为0.994 3~0.999 4;在全血和尿液中的检出限为0.1~5 ng/m L,在肝组织中的检出限为0.1~5 ng/g;3个加标水平的回收率为90.2%~114.5%,相对标准偏差(n=4)为0.5%~7.5%。该方法简单准确,灵敏度高,能够满足生物样品中18种氨基甲酸酯类农药的快速分析要求。     

水中氨基甲酸酯类农残前处理及色谱检测研究进展

水资源日益短缺,水中氨基甲酸酯农残的含量直接关系人类的健康。为此,详细阐述了近10年来水中氨基甲酸酯农残灵敏、快速、简便、环境友好的样品前处理技术,综述了水中该农残最新色谱检测方法的进展及应用现状。     

Effect of Zeolite NaY and Ca-Montmorillonite on Ethanol Production Using Synthetic Molasses

The influence of Ca-Montmorillonite (Ca-MNT) and zeolite NaY addition on ethanol production from synthetic molasses by S. cerevisiae 251 TP(3-2) was studied by the measurement of biomass concentrations and metal ion concentration with respect to fermentation time. Addition of 5 g/L Ca-MNT and 10 g/L zeolite NaY resulted in an increase in both ethanol concentration and ethanol production rate. This increase was 24 and 40% for ethanol concentration and 65 and 87% for production rate, respectively. From the ion analyses, it was observed that the NaY added to the medium decreased the toxic concentration of zinc, manganese, and iron cations and acted also as a pH regulator. Ca-MNT added to the medium decreased the concentration of Na⁺ ions, which is known to have a toxic effect on glycolysis and cell concentration. These effects caused improvement in the ethanol production rate.     

Simultaneous Determination of Carbamate and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Honeybees by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Summary The potential of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been studied for the simultaneous determination of sixteen carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in honeybees using a traditional sample preparation protocol based on acetone extraction and dichloromethane partitioning. The performances of both atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray (ES) interfaces were compared. APCI offered better sensitivity and specificity for a higher range of pesticides. Limits of quantification were from 0.01 to 0.17 mg kg^–1, at which recoveries obtained were between 64 and 93%, except for pirimicarb that was at 13%, with relative standard deviations ranging from 7 to 20%. Fenitrothion, fenoxycarb, methiocarb and phoxim were found in bees from Valencian Community beehives at concentrations between 0.03 and 3.75 mg kg^–1.     

中空纤维液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中残留的氨基甲酸酯类农药

应用中空纤维液相微萃取(HP-LPME)技术建立了水样中呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的高效液相色谱分析方法。对影响HP-LPME的实验条件进行了优化。采用Accurel Q3/2聚丙烯中空纤维,以甲苯为萃取溶剂,于室温、搅拌速度为720 r/min条件下在4.5 mL样品溶液中萃取20 min,萃取物在室温下经氮气流吹干后用流动相溶解进样。采用Baseline C18分离柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0 μm),以甲醇-水(体积比为60∶40) 为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min。呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的检测波长分别为200,223,200和208 nm。该方法对4种氨基甲酸酯类农药的富集倍数均大于45倍;4种氨基甲酸酯类农药在10~100 μg/L质量浓度范围内,其质量浓度与峰面积之间有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;呋喃丹、西维因、异丙威和乙霉威的检出限(S/N=3)分别为5,1,5和3 μg/L;实际水样中的加标回收率为82.0%~102.2%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～6.2%(n=6)。     

离子液体分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定番茄中的氨基甲酸酯类农药

将离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIm][PF6])作为萃取剂,采用分散液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法分析番茄样品中的4种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,并考察了不同缓冲溶液浓度、pH值及萃取时间等因素对分散液相微萃取效果的影响。在优化实验条件下,该方法对涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威的富集倍数分别为317、430、545、625,且具有良好的线性范围(0.01～10mg/L)和较低的检出限(0.12～0.43μg/L),对涕灭威、克百威、甲萘威、异丙威测定5次的相对标准偏差为5.3%～5.5%,用于示范区采集的番茄样品分析,平均加标回收率为75%～120%。研究表明[BMIm][PF6]可有效地萃取番茄中的氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,具有萃取效率高、灵敏度高、操作简单、绿色环保等优点,可以满足番茄样品中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测要求。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定乌龙茶中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了乌龙茶中5种氨基甲酸酯农药(速灭威、异丙威、仲丁威、残杀威和抗蚜威)同时测定的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷-乙酸乙酯(1∶1)混合溶液提取后,通过400 mg PSA/400 mg C18/1 200 mg Mg SO4的Qu ECh ERS试剂盒进行净化,Rxi-5 Sil MS毛细管柱(30 m,0.25 mm×0.25μm)进行分离,串联质谱进行定性定量分析。5种农药在各自的线性范围(速灭威和残杀威为5~500μg/kg,异丙威、仲丁威和抗蚜威为1~500μg/kg)内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.99;在5,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下,速灭威和残杀威的平均回收率为77.5%~95.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%~6.1%,检出限和定量下限分别为1μg/kg和5μg/kg;在1,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下,异丙威、仲丁威和抗蚜威的平均回收率为79.5%~102.5%,RSD为2.0%~8.2%,检出限和定量下限分别为0.2μg/kg和1μg/kg。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足乌龙茶样品中5种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的分析要求。     

蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的固相微萃取分离和HPLC法检测

采用固相微萃取制样,荧光检测器高效液相色谱法测定了蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯农药残留. 确定了影响固相微萃取效果的萃取头涂层、萃取条件、洗脱条件和蔬菜样品分析处理方法. 结果表明,蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药的检出限在0.4×10-9～40×10-9 g/g范围内,线性范围为0.05～1 mg/L,回收率74.4%～108.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)4.26%～13.97%.