Selective hydrogenation of dienic and acetylenic compounds on metal-containing catalysts

Studies on selective hydrogenation of dienic and acetylenic hydrocarbons and their derivatives on metal-containing catalysts are reviewed. The review covers publications over a wide period of time and concentrates on the fundamental principles of catalyst operation. The catalysts modified in the surface layer were shown to be promising for selective hydrogenation.     

Selective hydrogenation of tetrahydrofuryl acetylenic alcohols and acetates

Hydrogenation of tetrahydrofuryl acetylenic alcohols and acetates in the presence of a supported Pd-containing catalyst has been revealed to proceed at high rate and selectivity to compounds with internal triple bonds. Selectivity in olefin production is 98–99% at the complete conversion of the substrate, the activity of the catalyst varies from 1700 to 13,100 mol/g-at. Pd'h at 20°C and P_{H 2}=0.1 MPa.

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. . , . 98–99% , 1700–13 100 /-. Pd' 20°C 0,1 .

     

预处理Fe基催化剂CO加氢合成低碳烯烃选择性影响研究

研究了Fe₂O₃在CO和H₂气氛下预处理对催化剂物相、表面组成和性质的影响及CO加氢合成低碳烯烃反应行为。结果表明,300℃ H₂预处理后催化剂主要物相结构为Fe₃O₄和α-Fe,250℃ CO预处理后主要物相为Fe₃O₄,随着CO预处理温度的升高,有碳化铁生成。表面碳化物含量随着CO预处理温度的升高而增加。CO较H₂预处理表面碱性增强,CO₂和CO吸附显著增加,随着预处理时间的延长,表面积炭降低了CO₂和CO吸附。经CO预处理的催化剂具有较高的烯烃选择性,H₂预处理的催化剂烯烃选择性相对较低。     

Effect of phase composition of palladium-ruthenium membrane catalyst on selectivity of dehydrolinalool hydrogenation

Conclusions When the hydrogenation of dehydrolinalool to linalool is run on a Pd alloy containing 6 wt.% of Ru, which is lean in the -hydrogen phase, the selectivity is much greater than when the amount of the -hydrogen phase is greater. A high selectivity of the hydrogenation is achieved by reducing to a definite limit the amount of hydrogen in the membrane catalyst without using inhibitors of the side reactions, which can contaminate the hydrogenation products.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 926–928, April, 1984.     

Effect of ligands on the hydrogenation selectivity in the presence of rhenium catalysts

It has been established that the catalytic activity of rhenium oxohalide complexes with phosphorus- or sulfur-containing ligands in hydroganation of C₆–C₁₀ olefins, nitrobenzene and p-nitrotoluene is primarily determined by the original ligand to rhenium ion bond. Chain length of olefins does not affect their hydrogenation rate.

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- C₆–C₁₀, - - . .

     

Effect of hydrogen pressure on the selectivity of 2-butene-1-al hydrogenation

The effect of hydrogen pressure on the selectivity of hydrogenation of 2-butene-1-al at the carbonyl group in the presence of Ru and Ru–ZnO catalysts indicates that the selectivity on the modified ruthenium catalyst in the pressure range of 0.51–8.08 MPa is a maximum at .

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-2--І Ru Ru–ZnO-. , 0,51–8,08 , .

     

Highly enantioselective reductive cyclization of acetylenic aldehydes via rhodium catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of acetylenic aldehydes 1a-12a using chirally modified cationic rhodium catalysts enables highly enantioselective reductive cyclization to afford cyclic allylic alcohols 1b-12b. Using an achiral hydrogenation catalyst, the chiral racemic acetylenic aldehydes 13a-15a engage in highly syn-diastereoselective reductive cyclizations to afford cyclic allylic alcohols 13b-15b. Ozonolysis of cyclization products 7b and 9b allows access to optically enriched alpha-hydroxy ketones 7c and 9c. Reductive cyclization of enyne 7a under a deuterium atmosphere provides the monodeuterated product deuterio-7b, consistent with a catalytic mechanism involving alkyne-carbonyl oxidative coupling followed by hydrogenolytic cleavage of the resulting oxametallacycle. These hydrogen-mediated transformations represent the first examples of the enantioselective reductive cyclization of acetylenic aldehydes.     

Effect of the electronic structure on hydrogenation of 4-tert-butylphenol on metallic catalysts

A quantum chemical analysis of the hypothetical mechanisms of hydrogenation of 4-tert-butylphenol was conducted with the reactivity index method using the INDO approximation. The effect of the form of adsorption of 4-tert-butylphenol on perturbations of ring aromaticity was examined.D. V. Sokol'skii Institute of Organic Catalysis and Electrochemistry, Kazakh Academy of Sciences, 480100 Alma-Ata. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1033–1037, May, 1992.     

Effect of bond energies of a catalyst with reacting atoms on the selectivity of CO hydrogenation over metals

In hydrogenation over metals (M)_j carbon monoxide is adsorbed as a molecule. C–O bond rupture in partially hydrogenated complex, MCHOH, leads to MO and MCH₂ and then to hydrocarbons, while transformation of MCHOH into MCH₂OH gives alcohols and other oxygen-containing compounds. Selectivity towards hydrocarbons increases with increasing energy of M–O bonds.

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(M) . C–O MCHOH MO MCH₂ — ; MCHOH MCH₂OH . M–O.

     

Notes on selectivity aspects in sorbic acid and sorbic alcohol hydrogenation

Sorbic acid and sorbic alcohol hydrogenations to the cis-hex-3-enoic acid or cis-hex-3-en-1-ol were carried out at the same conditions in three different systems—homogeneous, two-phase and heterogeneous. The complex [Cp*Ru(sorbic acid)]CF₃SO₃ was used as a catalyst. Selectivity and reactivity of both the compounds varied significantly. Using sorbic acid as a hydrogenation substrate by-products were the other izomers of hexenoic acid and hexanoic acid, with sorbic alcohol as a hydrogenation substrate by-products were aldehydes and hemiacetals.     

Selective hydrogenation of o-xylene on noble metals: Thermal effect in selectivity

Selective hydrogenation of o-xylene on silica supported noble metals Pd, Rh, Ni, Pt, Ir, Ru, Os and Re has been studied. A correlation between the heat capacity of the metal conduction electrons and the selectivity towards the cis-product was found. Thermal effect in activity and selectivity is reported.

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- Pd, Rh, Ni, Pt, Ir, Ru, Os Re, Al₂O₃. -. .

     

Acetylene hydrogenation selectivity control using Pd/Cu catalysts

The hydrogenation of acetylene impurity in ethylene has been studied over 0.04 wt% Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts modified by Cu. The undesired hydrogenation of ethylene could be suppressed by Cu.¹⁴C labelling proved that the intrinsic selectivity is always 95–98% of Cu or gaseous CO reduces the parallel hydrogenation of ethylene on the support, leaving the intrinsic selectivity unchanged.

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0,04 . % Pd/Al₂O₃, Cu. . 14C , 95–98% , , CO .

     

Effect of the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes on the selectivity of electrochemical functionalization

The functionalization of carbon nanotubes through electrochemical routes is gaining importance due to the high degree of control achievable and the ability to render the tubes with a variety of chemical and biological species. In this article, we report systematic investigations on the grafting of phenyl groups through diazonium coupling onto individual metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes both experimentally and theoretically. The results show clearly that by optimizing the electrochemical conditions it is possible to obtain a high degree of selectivity for the coupling of phenyl radicals onto metallic nanotubes. The outlined conclusions have strong implications for the design of strategies for the controlled functionalization of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes.     

Tailoring the surface structure of iron compounds to optimize the selectivity of 3-nitrostyrene hydrogenation reaction over Pt catalyst

Selective hydrogenation of substituted nitroarenes is an important reaction to obtain amines.Supported metal catalysts are wildly used in this reaction because the surface structure of supports can tune the properties of the supported metal nanoparticles （NPs） and promote the selectivity to amines.Herein,Pt NPs were immobilized on Fe OOH,Fe₃O₄andα-Fe₂O₃nanorods to synthesize a series of iron compounds supported Pt catalysts by liquid phase reduction me...